Medicinal and Environmental Chemistry: Experimental Advances and Simulations (Part I)

Persistent Organic Pollutants: The Ancient Intruders of Our Environment

Author(s): Devendra Kumar Patel*, Neha Gupta, Sandeep Kumar and Juhi Verma

Pp: 75-100 (26)

DOI: 10.2174/9789814998277121010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals compounds that directly affect human and animal health and accumulate in the environment leading to continuous exposure. They have the properties like bioaccumulation, persistence, and biomagnification, which give them the advantage of getting transported by wind and water. POPs were introduced with an intent to benefit the human population, but their excessive usage had made their presence everywhere that turns them to be toxic compounds. Some of the POPs are even generated as a byproduct of chemical and thermal processes. The toxicity evaluation of the POPs moved it towards the class of toxicants that are carcinogenic by nature and imposes a threat to animal and human both. The various analytical approaches had been made to quantify the POPs in various matrices using different sophisticated analytical tools like high-resolution GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are proposed to be lower as they need to be quantified and detected in biological samples as well.


Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, Carcinogenic, High-resolution GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, Persistent.

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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847150 and j.to_date >= 1739847150 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15341) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847150 and j.to_date >= 1739847150 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15341) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847150 and j.to_date >= 1739847150 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15341)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3106 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847150 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847150 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3106
      • 3: 1739847150
      • 4: 1739847150
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='38c4b96ddfe75bf2bf055560f3a65228'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        CFScRFfct7sQHTGECsWklP71WrXIi2wN7JMJiDux
        uc_cart_id
        38c4b96ddfe75bf2bf055560f3a65228
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15341" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/15341
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlFmaEpZSXViWHZTQVQvb3BLVTFIbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidkJ2Z2NPTy92QU1TWHVmL3E0NjZic3FpQ0srTDRyYXJNRnJYeTMxTFZlRT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxZWJiOWIwZTI0YjhiMTI1MzMxZDcxYmUwNjk3ODIyMmJmYzhmOTJmZGNlZWM5ZTI3ZTEyNWE4ODQyNDhmZjFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlFmaEpZSXViWHZTQVQvb3BLVTFIbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidkJ2Z2NPTy92QU1TWHVmL3E0NjZic3FpQ0srTDRyYXJNRnJYeTMxTFZlRT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxZWJiOWIwZTI0Yjhi" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:52:30 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlYyc3ROVkZMeXZwSGlPUlQ5ZmNyTFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUC9yc1dxRGxTMnlLWlNqMExIODVxZVlCeVZrKzN2V1Exbko3Ty9hV1NDcHp4ZzV5NklFV2xtQnozRFNHQ1NZZ2tXLyt5YjhFa2FQNmxRcERzYkIvQkc0M2pnUHl1R0kzTEdBTjdsUHE2bitMaUp3VExUSlNZMTdyZUZtQlRNdHIiLCJtYWMiOiI3YjVhN2M3MTJhNzE0NzdkNGMxMDZhNzU5Y2U3OWYzZWZiZjQ3ODU5NGUzZWM2OTBjYzNhMDlhOWE2ZDg1ZDNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:52:30 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlYyc3ROVkZMeXZwSGlPUlQ5ZmNyTFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUC9yc1dxRGxTMnlLWlNqMExIODVxZVlCeVZrKzN2V1Exbko3Ty9hV1NDcHp4ZzV5NklFV2xtQnozRFNHQ1NZZ2tXLyt5Y" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVwcFBLL1h3dGVJRnZFNGtRL2tGb2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSk5SM2lYVUh2dUVoV0hiaFc2OUJJcTdRbmE1K2gyVGNWTGdxaUdhb2FmbGVpNENuMUM5NUVLVHJvZS9NWTNOTjdtRzc4MTZwS3VLekF0Mk9IMWZkdWdOalRUK1FGbnZKZzRnTzkwQVh6UFYzVW92TytqV2Rub0MveWNUdE8yUnEiLCJtYWMiOiJjYTY4NDMyNDEyZmJkYTRkMWRmZDcwMzg3MTc2OGEyMjA5MmY2NzFmN2JjMDY2YjY0OTVkMzRkNTQyY2U1N2E1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVwcFBLL1h3dGVJRnZFNGtRL2tGb2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSk5SM2lYVUh2dUVoV0hiaFc2OUJJcTdRbmE1K2gyVGNWTGdxaUdhb2FmbGVpNENuMUM5NUVLVHJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlYyc3ROVkZMeXZwSGlPUlQ5ZmNyTFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUC9yc1dxRGxTMnlLWlNqMExIODVxZVlCeVZrKzN2V1Exbko3Ty9hV1NDcHp4ZzV5NklFV2xtQnozRFNHQ1NZZ2tXLyt5YjhFa2FQNmxRcERzYkIvQkc0M2pnUHl1R0kzTEdBTjdsUHE2bitMaUp3VExUSlNZMTdyZUZtQlRNdHIiLCJtYWMiOiI3YjVhN2M3MTJhNzE0NzdkNGMxMDZhNzU5Y2U3OWYzZWZiZjQ3ODU5NGUzZWM2OTBjYzNhMDlhOWE2ZDg1ZDNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:52:30 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlYyc3ROVkZMeXZwSGlPUlQ5ZmNyTFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUC9yc1dxRGxTMnlLWlNqMExIODVxZVlCeVZrKzN2V1Exbko3Ty9hV1NDcHp4ZzV5NklFV2xtQnozRFNHQ1NZZ2tXLyt5Y" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVwcFBLL1h3dGVJRnZFNGtRL2tGb2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSk5SM2lYVUh2dUVoV0hiaFc2OUJJcTdRbmE1K2gyVGNWTGdxaUdhb2FmbGVpNENuMUM5NUVLVHJvZS9NWTNOTjdtRzc4MTZwS3VLekF0Mk9IMWZkdWdOalRUK1FGbnZKZzRnTzkwQVh6UFYzVW92TytqV2Rub0MveWNUdE8yUnEiLCJtYWMiOiJjYTY4NDMyNDEyZmJkYTRkMWRmZDcwMzg3MTc2OGEyMjA5MmY2NzFmN2JjMDY2YjY0OTVkMzRkNTQyY2U1N2E1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVwcFBLL1h3dGVJRnZFNGtRL2tGb2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSk5SM2lYVUh2dUVoV0hiaFc2OUJJcTdRbmE1K2gyVGNWTGdxaUdhb2FmbGVpNENuMUM5NUVLVHJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "CFScRFfct7sQHTGECsWklP71WrXIi2wN7JMJiDux" "uc_cart_id" => "38c4b96ddfe75bf2bf055560f3a65228" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15341" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:52:30GET/chapter/15341112197