Medicinal and Environmental Chemistry: Experimental Advances and Simulations (Part I)

Medicinal Chemistry: Opportunities and Challenges

Author(s): Jamal Akhtar Ansari*, Abbas Ali Mahdi and Zafar Alam

Pp: 14-41 (28)

DOI: 10.2174/9789814998277121010005

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Medicinal chemistry is a modern branch of the pioneer subject chemistry. Medicinal chemistry is primarily associated with drug discovery and design in search of New Drug Entities (NDEs). There are different sources, such as natural and synthetic products, animals, marine invertebrates, microorganisms, and recombinant DNA approaches which have been recognized as potential reservoirs for bioactive compounds or drugs. Medicinal chemistry has made several technological innovations, such as computational chemical biology, trial-and-error approach, and bioinformatics, which have greatly improved and accelerated the efficient and competent drug development process. Although with hi-tech innovations in medicinal chemistry, there are several diseases for which treatment is still not available, including the very recent dreadful occurrence of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which originated from Wuhan city of China. At present, there is no vaccine or drug to cure it. Moreover, the drug development process starting from the identification of a new chemical entity (NCE) to the regulatory approval of NDE is relatively complex, costly, and time-consuming. It can take 10−15 years or even longer to develop and design an NDE. The present chapter intends to discuss and emphasize the different drug sources and drug development processes in medicinal chemistry along with understanding the associated opportunities and challenges.


Keywords: Animals, Artificial intelligence, Bioinformatics, Computer-aided drug design, Challenges, Drug design, Drug development, Drug repositioning, High throughput screening, Medicinal chemistry, New chemical entity, Natural products, Opportunities, Recombinant DNA technology, Synthesis.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847727 and j.to_date >= 1739847727 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15339) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847727 and j.to_date >= 1739847727 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15339) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847727 and j.to_date >= 1739847727 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15339)
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3106 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847727 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847727 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3106
      • 3: 1739847727
      • 4: 1739847727
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='7859c43fc76530ed57122bfbd2cf5677'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    15Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        3JwCHebv0prMeex6B06SFYuJCGW89pTJ9k1s5kKG
        uc_cart_id
        7859c43fc76530ed57122bfbd2cf5677
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15339" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/15339
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:02:07GET/chapter/153391121917