Science of Spices and Culinary Herbs - Latest Laboratory, Pre-clinical, and Clinical Studies

Volume: 4

Curry Leaf: An insight into its Pharmacological Activities, Medicinal Profile, and Phytochemistry

Author(s): Reyaz Hassan Mir*, Nazia Banday, Roohi Mohi ud din, Saba Sabreen, Rafia Jan, Abdul Jalil Shah, Taha Umair Wani, Saeema Farooq, Sanjay M. Jachak and Mubashir Hussain Masoodi * .

Pp: 145-168 (24)

DOI: 10.2174/9789814998123121040007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Throughout human history, medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine systems and are considered a potential source of healthy life. Curry leaf belongs to the family Rutaceae obtained from Murraya koenigii, which has been used widely as a spice, flavouring agent, and as herbal medicine since ancient times in the ayurvedic medicine system. Curry leaf is native to India and Sri Lanka. It is known for its flavour in cooking apart from various health benefits, including antidiabetic, anti-tumour, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotection. Various carbazole alkaloids have been isolated from curry leaves, including mahanimbine, koenine, murrayacine, murrayazoline, koenimbine, murrayazolidine, murrayazoline, murrayacine, girinimbine, and mukoeic acid. Several studies on pharmacological activities of curry leaf in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials confirm the application of curry leaf in traditional medicine and introduce some new medicinal aspects. The current review provides insight into phytochemical constituents, ethnobotany, and numerous pharmacological properties of crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds of curry leaf, leading to the development of effective drug candidates to address various ailments. Moreover, a comparison of the reported activities of a curry leaf in traditional medicine will be made with the modern medicine activities to show the potentiality of this precious herb in managing different disease conditions.


Keywords: Antioxidant, Bioavailability, Biological activity, Murraya koenigii, Phytoconstituents, Traditional medicine.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847814 and j.to_date >= 1739847814 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15226) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847814 and j.to_date >= 1739847814 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15226) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847814 and j.to_date >= 1739847814 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15226)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3096 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847814 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847814 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3096
      • 3: 1739847814
      • 4: 1739847814
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='554d21840431a6167fe48e69685cfb48'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        pIa3TRW3a0LFmDgTIlpXS3Sn39mECHu7cZuuAvEh
        uc_cart_id
        554d21840431a6167fe48e69685cfb48
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15226" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/15226
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImZRWFEvUXZYdjhlcWwyM0pVUHZXNGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGdMbGU0SWczSDNaRzUyRmpoTHJqNDBPRDZCRmVVUEJNLzNuRm93VWVxTT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxMDc2Y2U5ZWE0MGVmMWY4OTE4MTQ4OGI4YzZmODg3ZDdkZTJiOGEzNmFlZmM0MjQ0ZDVkM2Y1NTBhNDI2NzgzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImZRWFEvUXZYdjhlcWwyM0pVUHZXNGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGdMbGU0SWczSDNaRzUyRmpoTHJqNDBPRDZCRmVVUEJNLzNuRm93VWVxTT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxMDc2Y2U5ZWE0MGVm" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:03:34 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5vc2NUWnZYeUdHUHh1b0twNFJmSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTRUaEZWc3I5bEQwcTM2SnR5QTB5bjJWZG1FWTVacHVlVDREaWtyWDZialF6dnVYKzZmVWppNGYxWDR1MzhtSVNHdWd3RmpIb1E0V1V2akVESHVGQWpKNDNOUVlTN1AzWFg4WUJmRzhqN2wvYU1ITVdlSTEwZUkxNWZCZVY1MVkiLCJtYWMiOiIxNTRiNTQxMjYyY2NmZTlmZmFhY2UyZGM0YzkxMTEwY2JhYTQ2NTI3MDk5NjJlYzdmZTViMmViNTU5YjRkMzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:03:34 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5vc2NUWnZYeUdHUHh1b0twNFJmSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTRUaEZWc3I5bEQwcTM2SnR5QTB5bjJWZG1FWTVacHVlVDREaWtyWDZialF6dnVYKzZmVWppNGYxWDR1MzhtSVNHdWd3R" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZPQ3dWeGFlYWpMekpwVmMxOXFmbVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiendlbmxjVzlicjlyU250aWJ0YjdRWDFOVnJYQVF3WGtPenZNYUxFUDZzS1NhbUZFcDV2UTRkTlE2R3VYamtiQWxUZVJLV3V2bFE1aEZHdzRkREVxQzdPY0g5UlBsbDZTVngrRUxuT0tYSW94eThzUGlqMk1temRWb0pvU2FIRnQiLCJtYWMiOiJkMzUzNDI3MWZhYzQ1NjQ0MDk3YzJjYTM4ZGZhNWE0YjMyMGI4ZmU5MmJlNmFiOTU2OGFkYWYzNTA0ODk2MmQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZPQ3dWeGFlYWpMekpwVmMxOXFmbVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiendlbmxjVzlicjlyU250aWJ0YjdRWDFOVnJYQVF3WGtPenZNYUxFUDZzS1NhbUZFcDV2UTRkTlE" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5vc2NUWnZYeUdHUHh1b0twNFJmSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTRUaEZWc3I5bEQwcTM2SnR5QTB5bjJWZG1FWTVacHVlVDREaWtyWDZialF6dnVYKzZmVWppNGYxWDR1MzhtSVNHdWd3RmpIb1E0V1V2akVESHVGQWpKNDNOUVlTN1AzWFg4WUJmRzhqN2wvYU1ITVdlSTEwZUkxNWZCZVY1MVkiLCJtYWMiOiIxNTRiNTQxMjYyY2NmZTlmZmFhY2UyZGM0YzkxMTEwY2JhYTQ2NTI3MDk5NjJlYzdmZTViMmViNTU5YjRkMzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:03:34 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5vc2NUWnZYeUdHUHh1b0twNFJmSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOTRUaEZWc3I5bEQwcTM2SnR5QTB5bjJWZG1FWTVacHVlVDREaWtyWDZialF6dnVYKzZmVWppNGYxWDR1MzhtSVNHdWd3R" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZPQ3dWeGFlYWpMekpwVmMxOXFmbVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiendlbmxjVzlicjlyU250aWJ0YjdRWDFOVnJYQVF3WGtPenZNYUxFUDZzS1NhbUZFcDV2UTRkTlE2R3VYamtiQWxUZVJLV3V2bFE1aEZHdzRkREVxQzdPY0g5UlBsbDZTVngrRUxuT0tYSW94eThzUGlqMk1temRWb0pvU2FIRnQiLCJtYWMiOiJkMzUzNDI3MWZhYzQ1NjQ0MDk3YzJjYTM4ZGZhNWE0YjMyMGI4ZmU5MmJlNmFiOTU2OGFkYWYzNTA0ODk2MmQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZPQ3dWeGFlYWpMekpwVmMxOXFmbVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiendlbmxjVzlicjlyU250aWJ0YjdRWDFOVnJYQVF3WGtPenZNYUxFUDZzS1NhbUZFcDV2UTRkTlE" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "pIa3TRW3a0LFmDgTIlpXS3Sn39mECHu7cZuuAvEh" "uc_cart_id" => "554d21840431a6167fe48e69685cfb48" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15226" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:03:34GET/chapter/15226112198