A Comprehensive Guide to Nanoparticles in Medicine

Introduction of Nanoparticles in Medicine

Author(s): Rituparna Acharya * .

Pp: 1-6 (6)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681088358121010004

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a branch of science that deals with nanomaterials with a size of less than 100nm. These nanoparticles have a wide variety of applications in the field of bioimaging, biosensors, drug delivery, gene therapy, etc. The main advantage of using nanoparticles is that they may be fabricated as desired depending upon the area of application. The size, surface chemistry and physiochemical properties may be changed as required by following the parameters of synthesis. Nanoparticles may also help in RNAi therapy that delivers siRNA, shRNA and miRNAs to the target site. The major drawback of using these RNA molecules in their bare form is the fragile nature that makes them degradable by the enzymes in the blood vascular system. In this regard, nanoparticles protect them from degradation as they may encapsulate the RNA molecules within their structure. There are mainly three types of nanoparticles such as inorganic, organic and polymeric nanoparticles. In this book, we are intended to discuss the wide variety of nanoparticles that are used in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, gene therapy, immunotherapy and vaccination.


Keywords: Bioimaging, Biological property, Biosensor, Chemical property, DNA, Electronic property, Immunotherapy, MiRNA, Nanocarrier, Nanomaterial, Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology, Nanoparticle, Optical property, Physical property, RNAi therapy, ShRNA, SiRNA, Theranostic, Vaccine.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834435 and j.to_date >= 1739834435 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15029) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834435 and j.to_date >= 1739834435 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15029) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834435 and j.to_date >= 1739834435 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15029)
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3081 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834435 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834435 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3081
      • 3: 1739834435
      • 4: 1739834435
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3a282c8a5de5dabbb0bb353a67b6adf0'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    20Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        XC87rDKCYoPItlHgkfT4lJUDl23yYWwFw9Ue05Hx
        uc_cart_id
        3a282c8a5de5dabbb0bb353a67b6adf0
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15029" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/15029
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Im9oaWMycGFZYlQvakRYcG9VRlRBN3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNElVZUsycGNtNGoxWmpCTjBoaWZvUjVlMmxjU09vK3pydFNDWnBtT2hmWjdDRnhCZkhDNDMxMlpQVFRjdzRBOSIsIm1hYyI6ImU0MjQxMGJlOGFhMGY0ZmQ0ZGZlMDI0MTFiYjBmMTdiNzA5ZGJjOWIyNjJmMGZlMzQ0ZTNjYTZhYjAyYjUyYWQiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IllyZHVnYUttdStuNUszak9XTnhaTXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZm9vcDk3OU9LKzJyaGxGdmhZTitjOHF4VStGdVhhWUpOS1dVazl4MHFhZlRZbHBudURDb3lHOUVHMWtYYlhEcnR0NFB0VFUvMXZibE5teFFxeWh4SzBpNjZVc1BNUXl1UDFtUHUyaTExWGdMaHB6QVVUY2Jic1Z3ZHE1TldJNlUiLCJtYWMiOiIyYjE3NmFkYTg4MWIwNTJkZWM0ZDFjMzMwZjdhMzFkMmJkZjUwYmQ0ZDcwOWQ4NTZmMTlmNjFhNDdlMDI3M2U5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRNU2UvNU1OZi83bW9CMEpUYmdEeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUkJqVUVPQUp0YjZEQnpicHFLZi9ySis1bnpiZFBJVGt5c01Cd0FSN3N4NElJaUtPU1RyamV4NXFwdE92YUlNTnJtYXp6aDVQTWdhUUNBRGowWkpiQkw5NW52Tk5qcDZjRnhFS0wxYllYZlIyYlp1RDV4NWEydVNXT1ZBSHBvZWYiLCJtYWMiOiI3NDhjYTllZjVjZDViYmYyMGU1MmM3NDk5NjNkYjg2NTM2YjFlZmJmYjFlNzg4ZjMzZDU0NjhlNWM1YWRhMmU2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Im9oaWMycGFZYlQvakRYcG9VRlRBN3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNElVZUsycGNtNGoxWmpCTjBoaWZvUjVlMmxjU09vK3pydFNDWnBtT2hmWjdDRnhCZkhDNDMxMlpQVFRjdzRBOSIs" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "XC87rDKCYoPItlHgkfT4lJUDl23yYWwFw9Ue05Hx" "uc_cart_id" => "3a282c8a5de5dabbb0bb353a67b6adf0" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15029" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:35GET/chapter/150291121922