Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity

Role of Melatonin - A Signaling Molecule in Modulation of Antioxidant Defense System in Plants: Amelioration of Drought and Salinity Stress

Author(s): Prabhjot Kaur, Davinder Singh, Farhana Rashid, Avinash Kumar, Harneetpal Kaur, Kirandeep Kaur, Atamjit Singh, Neena Bedi, Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi, Balbir Singh, Saroj Arora and Shivani Attri * .

Pp: 124-143 (20)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681087900121010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a small (232 daltons), nontoxic, indole molecule first isolated from the pineal gland of cows and later on found in different tissues of plants and bacteria. Melatonin acts as a signaling molecule/messenger, which plays an important role in coping with various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Biosynthesis of melatonin involves two key cellular organelles viz. mitochondria and chloroplast. The endogenously produced melatonin serves as an antioxidant signaling molecule during the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The exogenous melatonin also functions in the same way during critical conditions by repairing mitochondria and deal with various stresses. The plants regulate the production of melatonin depending upon the conditions and regulate salt, drought, cold, heat, oxidative, and heavy metalsrelated stresses. Besides that, melatonin acts as a plant hormone and regulates numerous functions in plants, including growth, development, photoperiod, clearing oxygen species, rhizogenesis, photosynthesis, and enhances antioxidase activity. It acts as a multi regulatory molecule by regulating gene expressions as well as by cross-talks with phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid) involved in plant growth and development. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of action of melatonin as a signaling molecule may serve as a novel strategy to combat various stresses in plants and animals. An attempt has been made in this chapter to discuss the important role of melatonin in modulating oxidative stress in plants during stressful conditions.


Keywords: Chloroplast, Cytoplasm, Drought, Hormones, Melatonin, Mitochondria, N-acetyl serotonin methyltransferase, N-acetylserotonin, Oxidative stress, Plants, RNS, ROS, Salinity, Serotonin N-acetyl transferase, Serotonin, Stress, Tryptamine 5- hydroxylase, Tryptamine, Tryptophan decarboxylase, Tryptophan.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51271683 and j.to_ip >=51271683 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848509 and j.to_date >= 1739848509 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14767) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51271683 and j.to_ip >=51271683 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848509 and j.to_date >= 1739848509 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14767) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51271683 and j.to_ip >=51271683 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848509 and j.to_date >= 1739848509 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14767)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3064 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848509 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848509 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3064
      • 3: 1739848509
      • 4: 1739848509
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='675203871d21d8df4fdf1af4e79cdfe4'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    20Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        GQjUP09neztkSSwEYhpiNRIi2sk7yD5GbChkSyDk
        uc_cart_id
        675203871d21d8df4fdf1af4e79cdfe4
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14767" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14767
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkFadFhFZ3JGYnFoa002MlBWUjhzRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVlR6Qm56cnFzNVpsUXlPWUhDUlZaTjJkYncyKzRDQk5kcmFET2orbnd5QT0iLCJtYWMiOiIwODBhYTUxYjkzNThhMjI1MzVkMGRkYTdjYzBhMzU1MjU2NzliNDM2MDlmMWNjNmUyNjI5NGVhYTMwZjIwMjZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkFadFhFZ3JGYnFoa002MlBWUjhzRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVlR6Qm56cnFzNVpsUXlPWUhDUlZaTjJkYncyKzRDQk5kcmFET2orbnd5QT0iLCJtYWMiOiIwODBhYTUxYjkzNThh" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:15:09 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InNGWHJtVzVXOENnQkNFNTF2WkFPNFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1ZhSkU5OFE5citwMm1wc1ExaTJvNWh1NnBnVG1PNWprZDQ3eTB4WU5nTUJoVmxqbXNKaTBGelhzaDdSU0RESmxQbWxzTXhnL1RHbHFBOWx0R0hBeENXK2ZBR3llOGtlbThMaDlza25lbWVNNEZzWWZwbTRNMlZLTFo4R2RFdkYiLCJtYWMiOiIwZmJkYmY3N2M5ODkwZDQ4NGNhNGQ1ZDY1NjRiYWEzYTU5MzBjYThmOTgyMmNjYzZlMWJmMDg5OTg4NjlkMWY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:15:09 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InNGWHJtVzVXOENnQkNFNTF2WkFPNFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1ZhSkU5OFE5citwMm1wc1ExaTJvNWh1NnBnVG1PNWprZDQ3eTB4WU5nTUJoVmxqbXNKaTBGelhzaDdSU0RESmxQbWxzT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLdk94UW1EUWlQS2xzZkpTWE1Qd1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnRZVnkxTkNid2xBYTBKYkROZGtyTFJjb1ByVHhwdEpQUEdHL2drMVBMU3dJRE1zaUUvZkdWSXRCSHBsYmFZd3FQWXJ5aHFEcFdlQU5hS2RVdm1GaElKeVhLejB6RjNEVUJRTTBZSzdCNFd3dXVYZXRtOUdrTndsM0tVckFEMUsiLCJtYWMiOiJlNmNjMWRjZWFlN2U2MWJlZDFiZTgxZmNiNjVkNjRjNDk4MWE0ZmUwODYxNjVhOTdhYjE3MWI2NmZhMWFjNWQ3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLdk94UW1EUWlQS2xzZkpTWE1Qd1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnRZVnkxTkNid2xBYTBKYkROZGtyTFJjb1ByVHhwdEpQUEdHL2drMVBMU3dJRE1zaUUvZkdWSXR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InNGWHJtVzVXOENnQkNFNTF2WkFPNFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1ZhSkU5OFE5citwMm1wc1ExaTJvNWh1NnBnVG1PNWprZDQ3eTB4WU5nTUJoVmxqbXNKaTBGelhzaDdSU0RESmxQbWxzTXhnL1RHbHFBOWx0R0hBeENXK2ZBR3llOGtlbThMaDlza25lbWVNNEZzWWZwbTRNMlZLTFo4R2RFdkYiLCJtYWMiOiIwZmJkYmY3N2M5ODkwZDQ4NGNhNGQ1ZDY1NjRiYWEzYTU5MzBjYThmOTgyMmNjYzZlMWJmMDg5OTg4NjlkMWY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:15:09 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InNGWHJtVzVXOENnQkNFNTF2WkFPNFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1ZhSkU5OFE5citwMm1wc1ExaTJvNWh1NnBnVG1PNWprZDQ3eTB4WU5nTUJoVmxqbXNKaTBGelhzaDdSU0RESmxQbWxzT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLdk94UW1EUWlQS2xzZkpTWE1Qd1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnRZVnkxTkNid2xBYTBKYkROZGtyTFJjb1ByVHhwdEpQUEdHL2drMVBMU3dJRE1zaUUvZkdWSXRCSHBsYmFZd3FQWXJ5aHFEcFdlQU5hS2RVdm1GaElKeVhLejB6RjNEVUJRTTBZSzdCNFd3dXVYZXRtOUdrTndsM0tVckFEMUsiLCJtYWMiOiJlNmNjMWRjZWFlN2U2MWJlZDFiZTgxZmNiNjVkNjRjNDk4MWE0ZmUwODYxNjVhOTdhYjE3MWI2NmZhMWFjNWQ3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLdk94UW1EUWlQS2xzZkpTWE1Qd1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnRZVnkxTkNid2xBYTBKYkROZGtyTFJjb1ByVHhwdEpQUEdHL2drMVBMU3dJRE1zaUUvZkdWSXR" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "GQjUP09neztkSSwEYhpiNRIi2sk7yD5GbChkSyDk" "uc_cart_id" => "675203871d21d8df4fdf1af4e79cdfe4" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14767" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:15:09GET/chapter/147671121922