Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity

Drought and its Effects on Crop Physiology

Author(s): Samiksha, Sandeep Kaur, Drishtant Singh, Satwinderjeet Kaur and Satwinder Kaur Sohal * .

Pp: 20-39 (20)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681087900121010006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

During natural conditions, plants undergo a series of biogenic stressors that are devastating to plant growth. Among these, drought stress is the most common, which alters molecular and morphological parameters in plants and thus has detrimental effects due to environmental injury and physico-chemical disturbances. These have led to the development of technologies that increase the quality and sustainability of crops under deteriorating soil, declining natural resources, and environmental stress. Effective agronomic and genetic methods for crop protection provide best management practices to combat drought conditions. This chapter aims to contribute to the development of approaches for sustainable agricultural management practices suitable for crop production during drought stress.


Keywords: Crop production, Drought stress, Plant responses, Stress management.

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      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 222027364 and j.to_ip >=222027364 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847316 and j.to_date >= 1739847316 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14761) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 222027364 and j.to_ip >=222027364 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847316 and j.to_date >= 1739847316 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14761) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 222027364 and j.to_ip >=222027364 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847316 and j.to_date >= 1739847316 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14761)
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3064 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847316 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847316 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3064
      • 3: 1739847316
      • 4: 1739847316
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='4b4b31c5543664b6aabbeb24b7e389e5'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        m3SgCYblL8rphxRH4FgmlaEF3PTu1SsssX78Y3cu
        uc_cart_id
        4b4b31c5543664b6aabbeb24b7e389e5
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14761" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14761
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlFraHdLaFMrbkpoUHExTG1HZVk0ZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVkwREE0NWQ4OEZMMklYbmhBeTJZRXRqRDZLR1ZJVG9EMGRPbk1TeEU3Zz0iLCJtYWMiOiIyNjgyM2NkOTUwZThkZDJlM2MyM2Q1NjFiZjYxZDMyYWE3OWVjMmJjZmY4Y2E0YmVmYjU3MDZkYjBmMjMwYzUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlFraHdLaFMrbkpoUHExTG1HZVk0ZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVkwREE0NWQ4OEZMMklYbmhBeTJZRXRqRDZLR1ZJVG9EMGRPbk1TeEU3Zz0iLCJtYWMiOiIyNjgyM2NkOTUwZThk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:55:16 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxNOElnbFVlR2w1UHk5dFdMbGVuMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1d0UFZTeXlSVlEvTU41THI4cnVlR0tQWjdzVE8vNCtXdlUwQ0kxQzc4OG8xZFdoTEdhT05PVXEvZHQ2bjlBRE9kd25uenZUbEp0YUxtYzlPMzRYbE1Nd2kwYmVya1hMZkRuZ1ExNTBXTjFiejNSYytaOUpxRWJweU9xb05ETHIiLCJtYWMiOiIxZDYyNjZmNzE1ZjEyMGJiYjkyNTk3ZmQ3M2VmOGU2MjYyZTA3MjEzOTM2MzhjYzBlN2VmMzE5YWU3YWUyOTI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:55:16 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxNOElnbFVlR2w1UHk5dFdMbGVuMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1d0UFZTeXlSVlEvTU41THI4cnVlR0tQWjdzVE8vNCtXdlUwQ0kxQzc4OG8xZFdoTEdhT05PVXEvZHQ2bjlBRE9kd25ue" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZyanI4c2pDYXVoRC9lejFLdnpubXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ0lxa0NGckt6OXVBSVBEUzRJTzRjZmdUU0xkOUdzckFYeG41RE84UlVhN2hFK3RQNElITmVwbnBpWGNWOHpodVdJdlFzN3ZNNWd5OXZ5QzZ2MTV2TTZsTUZLa0hQbGJ1aDhtSENySmZvSThuU0ZKQ1RWT1YyQnBJL3Z1YjBqSUMiLCJtYWMiOiI0MGViZGUxYjU1ZGI2ZDMyZjEzOWMxYjQ1NGViODc0NTNiZjhlMWQ5Y2EwMmQyYTE0MTBjMWE5ZWY2YTUxMWRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZyanI4c2pDYXVoRC9lejFLdnpubXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ0lxa0NGckt6OXVBSVBEUzRJTzRjZmdUU0xkOUdzckFYeG41RE84UlVhN2hFK3RQNElITmVwbnB" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxNOElnbFVlR2w1UHk5dFdMbGVuMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1d0UFZTeXlSVlEvTU41THI4cnVlR0tQWjdzVE8vNCtXdlUwQ0kxQzc4OG8xZFdoTEdhT05PVXEvZHQ2bjlBRE9kd25uenZUbEp0YUxtYzlPMzRYbE1Nd2kwYmVya1hMZkRuZ1ExNTBXTjFiejNSYytaOUpxRWJweU9xb05ETHIiLCJtYWMiOiIxZDYyNjZmNzE1ZjEyMGJiYjkyNTk3ZmQ3M2VmOGU2MjYyZTA3MjEzOTM2MzhjYzBlN2VmMzE5YWU3YWUyOTI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:55:16 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxNOElnbFVlR2w1UHk5dFdMbGVuMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1d0UFZTeXlSVlEvTU41THI4cnVlR0tQWjdzVE8vNCtXdlUwQ0kxQzc4OG8xZFdoTEdhT05PVXEvZHQ2bjlBRE9kd25ue" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZyanI4c2pDYXVoRC9lejFLdnpubXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ0lxa0NGckt6OXVBSVBEUzRJTzRjZmdUU0xkOUdzckFYeG41RE84UlVhN2hFK3RQNElITmVwbnBpWGNWOHpodVdJdlFzN3ZNNWd5OXZ5QzZ2MTV2TTZsTUZLa0hQbGJ1aDhtSENySmZvSThuU0ZKQ1RWT1YyQnBJL3Z1YjBqSUMiLCJtYWMiOiI0MGViZGUxYjU1ZGI2ZDMyZjEzOWMxYjQ1NGViODc0NTNiZjhlMWQ5Y2EwMmQyYTE0MTBjMWE5ZWY2YTUxMWRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZyanI4c2pDYXVoRC9lejFLdnpubXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ0lxa0NGckt6OXVBSVBEUzRJTzRjZmdUU0xkOUdzckFYeG41RE84UlVhN2hFK3RQNElITmVwbnB" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "m3SgCYblL8rphxRH4FgmlaEF3PTu1SsssX78Y3cu" "uc_cart_id" => "4b4b31c5543664b6aabbeb24b7e389e5" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14761" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:55:16GET/chapter/14761112196