Biodiversity and Livelihood: Lessons from Community Research in India

Diversity, Genome Classification, Commercial Viability and Pest Status of Musa Cultivars Identified in Kerala

Author(s): K.J. Kavitha, T. Ajitha, Shabith Raj K. and D.A. Evans

Pp: 194-209 (16)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811482151120010017

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Kerala is blessed with rich diversity of Musa cultivars and each of them is characterized by unique taste, flavor, aroma and nutritive values. Farmers doing commercial cultivation are highly selective and interested only in cultivating commercially viable cultivars such as Nendran, Palayankodan, Kappa, Gnalipoovan and Robusta. Intensive application of urea containing synthetic fertilizers has resulted in the lushness of plants leading to the low content of secondary metabolites, which made them highly susceptible to pest attack. Non-selective application of systemic insecticides in edible crops leads to the contamination of toxins in fruits and their entry into food chain. Among 80 Musa cultivars identified during field study in various sites of Kerala, 60 are indigenous and 20 are hybrids of exotic. Ten cultivars among the indigenous group are diploid with genome constitution AA, and all of them are resistant to pest attack. Farmers are reluctant to cultivate diploid and pest resistant Musa cultivars due to some characters such as small fruit bunch, low market value, and low glucose content leading to the lack of pleasant taste, long duration to set flower and long duration for the replanted suckers to sprout. Analysis of genome constitution of 80 indigenous cultivars revealed that 12% of them are diploid with AA, 10% are AB, 15% are AAA, 13% with ABB and other 50% are AAB. Some of the cultivars with AAB genome constitution also showed high degree of resistance against insect pests, due to very high content of flavanoids, total phenols, very high activity of Phenylalanine ammonialyase, Polyphenol oxidase and Peroxidase in the pseudostem and leaves. No tetraploid Musa cultivars were identified in Kerala during the course of study. Wide spread transformation of agriculture lands to rubber plantation has resulted in the depletion of diversity of Musa cultivars. Many exotic Musa cultivars, introduced in Kerala, did not have wide acceptance from the public and among farmers, due to the lack of pleasant taste compared to indigenous types. RAPD analysis of the indigenous Musa cultivars revealed that they exhibited high degree of genetic variability and genetic polymorphism. In Kerala, 90% of the Musa cultivation is done by small scale farmers and most of them do not have their own land for cultivation and hence, they took land at lease for one year contract from owners. They are very particular to cultivate Musa which can give harvest within one year. Most of the cultivars identified during the course of study were unable to give harvest within one year. This is the reason for the abundance of only few commercially viable cultivars in the agroecosystems. Each Panchayath should take active conservation measures to conserve the diploid and indigenous cultivars which are resistant to pests. These cultivars can be used in future for breeding programmes to develop pest resistant and commercially viable Musa cultivars.


Keywords: Flavanoids, Musa diversity, Peroxidase, Pest resistance, Pest susceptibility, Phenols, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, Polyphenol oxidase.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version271msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[15:36:34] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (132ms)time
  • Application (139ms)time
  • 1 x Application (51.23%)
    139ms
    1 x Booting (48.77%)
    132ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed51.55ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59228343','',1,1740497794,1740497794) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740497794
      1.36msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59228343','/chapter/14270',1,1740497794,1740497794)
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59228343 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59228343) limit 1
      20.42msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59228343
      • 1: 59228343
      • 2: 59228343
      • 3: 59228343
      • 4: 59228343
      • 5: 59228343
      • 6: 59228343
      • 7: 59228343
      • 8: 59228343
      • 9: 59228343
      • 10: 59228343
      • 11: 59228343
      • 12: 59228343
      • 13: 59228343
      • 14: 59228343
      • 15: 59228343
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '14270' limit 1
      990μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 14270
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '14270' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.7msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 14270
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '14270'
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 14270
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 836 limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 836
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=836) and se.ebook_id!=836 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=836) and se.ebook_id!=836 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.24msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=836)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=836) limit 10 offset 0
      680μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 2909 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      12.73msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 2909
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 836 and ebook_volume_id <> 2909 limit 1
      3.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 836
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '14270' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '2909' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497794 and j.to_date >= 1740497794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2909) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497794 and j.to_date >= 1740497794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2909) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497794 and j.to_date >= 1740497794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2909)
      1.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497794 and j.to_date >= 1740497794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14270) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497794 and j.to_date >= 1740497794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14270) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497794 and j.to_date >= 1740497794 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14270)
      970μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2909 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497794 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497794 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2909
      • 3: 1740497794
      • 4: 1740497794
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='11d35acf658973fde41c540d96454746'
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    8Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        ysVEh194o04Dy2b1mik4Imp8ieaGMzAwz2IKNh4X
        uc_cart_id
        11d35acf658973fde41c540d96454746
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14270" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14270
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFIcXNmNDBnOERReVpoNjhtMEozOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicXRQdDJoU1hnNTQ0TU9WZGI5N1hpWnY5VHpMQ2ZwZjNXQTdJb0RNaHZMUT0iLCJtYWMiOiJkNTQ0ZDc0NzdiODMyMzU3MjA5ZWU5ZDZkZjI0NTllYmU2ZWU2MjdjOGMyMTk2YzBjMjUzOTdhMDQwMjBhNDk5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilk0K3F5QWtjeHpCNlg4U0p5K09Jcnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid3Y4YUgzODNack9Bb09SQk5VaG00bGtQOXNCQUhjejFCbm1zL3hrZ1dOSXNib1lJQ1JPVisvWUdiejVodFVJYTE2LzZMNVc3QURnbm5YeGMvQVZGcWxVRzVXbXlKQTBBdjZTSkdNaFI2cFVZTWk3K2lPZFZHTHprMUFucjQ4di8iLCJtYWMiOiJjNjI3OThlMzE5OTUzNDAzMmE5MGJmMzQwOTljNDFhNmQzYTU4NzJkYzkzMjg0ZWM2ZjNkZjE5ODg5OTBjZjNlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjRodzRacGZsYjFJQTYwQndZbk1PNUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRDF4cWZvZDZNVG9ITDB5d3l2T0lsYWRKTXljeFd4YzNtNG9hOGZhLzNWOTFEL0dwQlNsdlV0elhJMkVlam1ycmZyU2kyWmRMdVQ5UC9iaWIzRWY2ZWdKU1JzZnM2bFliTDRibElsYWJBamVlOUtHMk8rOFJQOCtOUU42bEhSNEEiLCJtYWMiOiI1NjFhYmQ1ZTQxYjM5YzBhM2Q0YWQ2MjQ5NDRhODA1Mjk2ZDc3YjZhNmU3MTVhN2IyOTQ0MTRhNTJjYmQyNDQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFIcXNmNDBnOERReVpoNjhtMEozOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicXRQdDJoU1hnNTQ0TU9WZGI5N1hpWnY5VHpMQ2ZwZjNXQTdJb0RNaHZMUT0iLCJtYWMiOiJkNTQ0ZDc0NzdiODMy" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "ysVEh194o04Dy2b1mik4Imp8ieaGMzAwz2IKNh4X" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "ptO0EQJCyCvyYTiywexvuHxA5o1XU0SAMBkzbi1h" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:36:34 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitHNU5IOUI4Z1FDdUhidDlEWTFXRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW5ZcXEvcWxrQWFsMWJHWnVWYUYwTHlCZDd4MFU3YUczMXJ4SjlQQWFJWmM0RjFZRzBCOVcyWkRuZDBjaW1UZzhLT2d0Zmt4dVAyV3RmaGsycVBqazNTempPRTFhaFZybk1tYTNiQW95MS9ETjM5T0JNWTQweEVtaGg1dUhTZDciLCJtYWMiOiI4ZTQ0YTJkMWRjOWFhNjg2NzFmNzFmNTViOWJlYTYyMDY0N2ZlZDE2ZjY4YjY0Y2I2ODE2ZWYyN2IwODY1OGQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:36:34 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitHNU5IOUI4Z1FDdUhidDlEWTFXRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW5ZcXEvcWxrQWFsMWJHWnVWYUYwTHlCZDd4MFU3YUczMXJ4SjlQQWFJWmM0RjFZRzBCOVcyWkRuZDBjaW1UZzhLT2d0Z" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImttbG1zcm5sRVZUQ2xmY1BFQithOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienBzalYybXpNSUNKNzM0OGNoZXFoMjlLNWI4cDJ5c09uaDIzWjZsVDZsbmk2Y2VXa1RTSGM2MXZXZDNOcVdHeTdXQWdqSmJhZklzQlExRlNLcnNjR0pNZlVGc04vbzIrUk5ldGU3TEhzcEw2T0pVNGxpdERBekdjQlo4aUR0N2giLCJtYWMiOiI0NTJkNjNiOTdjOGE1Nzc3ZDAyYjcxNzNiMDE4MGExM2MxZjRlOWY0MjgwMGU3N2JhZGY0NzJkNjNiYTlkOGM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImttbG1zcm5sRVZUQ2xmY1BFQithOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienBzalYybXpNSUNKNzM0OGNoZXFoMjlLNWI4cDJ5c09uaDIzWjZsVDZsbmk2Y2VXa1RTSGM2MXZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitHNU5IOUI4Z1FDdUhidDlEWTFXRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW5ZcXEvcWxrQWFsMWJHWnVWYUYwTHlCZDd4MFU3YUczMXJ4SjlQQWFJWmM0RjFZRzBCOVcyWkRuZDBjaW1UZzhLT2d0Zmt4dVAyV3RmaGsycVBqazNTempPRTFhaFZybk1tYTNiQW95MS9ETjM5T0JNWTQweEVtaGg1dUhTZDciLCJtYWMiOiI4ZTQ0YTJkMWRjOWFhNjg2NzFmNzFmNTViOWJlYTYyMDY0N2ZlZDE2ZjY4YjY0Y2I2ODE2ZWYyN2IwODY1OGQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:36:34 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IitHNU5IOUI4Z1FDdUhidDlEWTFXRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW5ZcXEvcWxrQWFsMWJHWnVWYUYwTHlCZDd4MFU3YUczMXJ4SjlQQWFJWmM0RjFZRzBCOVcyWkRuZDBjaW1UZzhLT2d0Z" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImttbG1zcm5sRVZUQ2xmY1BFQithOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienBzalYybXpNSUNKNzM0OGNoZXFoMjlLNWI4cDJ5c09uaDIzWjZsVDZsbmk2Y2VXa1RTSGM2MXZXZDNOcVdHeTdXQWdqSmJhZklzQlExRlNLcnNjR0pNZlVGc04vbzIrUk5ldGU3TEhzcEw2T0pVNGxpdERBekdjQlo4aUR0N2giLCJtYWMiOiI0NTJkNjNiOTdjOGE1Nzc3ZDAyYjcxNzNiMDE4MGExM2MxZjRlOWY0MjgwMGU3N2JhZGY0NzJkNjNiYTlkOGM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImttbG1zcm5sRVZUQ2xmY1BFQithOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienBzalYybXpNSUNKNzM0OGNoZXFoMjlLNWI4cDJ5c09uaDIzWjZsVDZsbmk2Y2VXa1RTSGM2MXZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "ysVEh194o04Dy2b1mik4Imp8ieaGMzAwz2IKNh4X" "uc_cart_id" => "11d35acf658973fde41c540d96454746" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14270" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:36:34GET/chapter/142701121910