Biodiversity and Livelihood: Lessons from Community Research in India

Climate Change and Its Impacts on Marine Fisheries and Livelihood: An Indian Perspective

Author(s): Biju Kumar A. and Suvarna Devi S.

Pp: 121-136 (16)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811482151120010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Fisheries and related activities, including aquaculture in inland and marine sectors, offer livelihoods to thousands of people in developing countries like India, besides contributing significantly to economic and nutritional security of the nation. One of the major challenges in the world, especially in developing countries like India, is to address the issue of sustaining the dwindling fisheries resources, while meeting the challenges posed by emerging external threats on resources, such as climate change. In the marine sector, climate change is projected to affect individual organisms, populations, species distributions, and ecosystem composition and function both directly (e.g., through vagaries in precipitation, temperature, sea level changes, ocean acidification, etc.) and indirectly (e.g., through the intensity and frequency of extreme climate events such as storms). Evidence of climate-change impacts is the strongest and most comprehensive for natural systems and it impacts lives, livelihoods, health, ecosystems, economies, societies, cultures, services, and infrastructure due to the interaction of climate changes or hazardous climate events occurring within a specific period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. The major adaptive strategies evolved centers around providing awareness to the coastal population, training on alternate livelihoods in order to negate the risks and ill effects of climate change, and vulnerability assessment at micro levels. There is also a need for flood mapping, flood forecasting, development of a hydrological framework and downscaled climate change projection modelling coupled with strengthening coastal protection methods with the participation of local communities. These adaptation methods would become effective only through mainstreaming biodiversity into climate change strategies and by integrating climate change risk in the disaster management policies.


Keywords: Adaptation, Blue growth, Climate change, Livelihood, Management, Ocean acidification.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59689235 and j.to_ip >=59689235 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513698 and j.to_date >= 1740513698 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14265) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59689235 and j.to_ip >=59689235 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513698 and j.to_date >= 1740513698 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14265) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59689235 and j.to_ip >=59689235 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513698 and j.to_date >= 1740513698 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14265)
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2909 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740513698 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740513698 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.41msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2909
      • 3: 1740513698
      • 4: 1740513698
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='31de5ca3a8697abfe5d4259a19203271'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        GzYPfYIDUuL33ns89BzENZVXvbOrf13rR9OLQrOd
        uc_cart_id
        31de5ca3a8697abfe5d4259a19203271
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14265" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14265
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InQxdGlGMGQ2NGNXRmlBTThLTXFjUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZTd2ZlFDWldwMnVyUjlyNFJndVlrOFhlWXJzNG5wdmpOWitLa1EvWnVjWT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxMjVlZjE2NDc3MDU3NmU3N2I3ZjA3YjgzMjJkODJmMTQ5MmYxNmI2OTk1YjNjMGY5Njc0NDY5NzI1MTczMWViIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InQxdGlGMGQ2NGNXRmlBTThLTXFjUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZTd2ZlFDWldwMnVyUjlyNFJndVlrOFhlWXJzNG5wdmpOWitLa1EvWnVjWT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxMjVlZjE2NDc3MDU3" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:01:38 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFFMUI0aXJibG9tUDFhakZKRnlFWXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSklnbi9rNWdGbG45a0hDNllwRFZMdXpjeEdxYVFZcTZBbzAyck53Zkhpd0VZU3JLcUExaWVIbXhkMjg4RUJDUmNrTmdYRmUrbW8ycFJ1c2NuazVGd0p1QWNHaURZdUpOb2lKMUduSTc1cE9JeHFRbit0VjZWaWNQNzVrMXZ6anIiLCJtYWMiOiIxZDdiNmZhMzA3YjEzMmRkMTdmNzdkM2Y1M2ViODhjMDhjZThkZjI3ZWQ5YWU4YzI3ODVkYzI4YWJlOWIxYWE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:01:38 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFFMUI0aXJibG9tUDFhakZKRnlFWXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSklnbi9rNWdGbG45a0hDNllwRFZMdXpjeEdxYVFZcTZBbzAyck53Zkhpd0VZU3JLcUExaWVIbXhkMjg4RUJDUmNrTmdYR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZtU2NFT2I4ZVA4WSt5SERwQUluS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjRGdDlVZVh6WXdyNm5uRGd2dFlsNFcvZUtlODA1N0FYKzQvd0tpajBKMW1YVERLdW1NTUJWTElmY0p0MXkzRFN5LzNYWENOSllvTXF0TXpsZDlnaVpRYmRFbEVpYWFMd1ZSei9sT3docUk2NlNUUWdxU003RVZOSTNNNzByRXIiLCJtYWMiOiIyNGU4ZmU5MTEzNjUwNjk5NzFhZjk0NmJhOTk0OWU5Yjc5ODA1YzVjMjE4NDk1ZmMxYzVjNjMyZWIwNmE3ODdkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZtU2NFT2I4ZVA4WSt5SERwQUluS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjRGdDlVZVh6WXdyNm5uRGd2dFlsNFcvZUtlODA1N0FYKzQvd0tpajBKMW1YVERLdW1NTUJWTEl" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFFMUI0aXJibG9tUDFhakZKRnlFWXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSklnbi9rNWdGbG45a0hDNllwRFZMdXpjeEdxYVFZcTZBbzAyck53Zkhpd0VZU3JLcUExaWVIbXhkMjg4RUJDUmNrTmdYRmUrbW8ycFJ1c2NuazVGd0p1QWNHaURZdUpOb2lKMUduSTc1cE9JeHFRbit0VjZWaWNQNzVrMXZ6anIiLCJtYWMiOiIxZDdiNmZhMzA3YjEzMmRkMTdmNzdkM2Y1M2ViODhjMDhjZThkZjI3ZWQ5YWU4YzI3ODVkYzI4YWJlOWIxYWE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:01:38 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFFMUI0aXJibG9tUDFhakZKRnlFWXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSklnbi9rNWdGbG45a0hDNllwRFZMdXpjeEdxYVFZcTZBbzAyck53Zkhpd0VZU3JLcUExaWVIbXhkMjg4RUJDUmNrTmdYR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZtU2NFT2I4ZVA4WSt5SERwQUluS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjRGdDlVZVh6WXdyNm5uRGd2dFlsNFcvZUtlODA1N0FYKzQvd0tpajBKMW1YVERLdW1NTUJWTElmY0p0MXkzRFN5LzNYWENOSllvTXF0TXpsZDlnaVpRYmRFbEVpYWFMd1ZSei9sT3docUk2NlNUUWdxU003RVZOSTNNNzByRXIiLCJtYWMiOiIyNGU4ZmU5MTEzNjUwNjk5NzFhZjk0NmJhOTk0OWU5Yjc5ODA1YzVjMjE4NDk1ZmMxYzVjNjMyZWIwNmE3ODdkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZtU2NFT2I4ZVA4WSt5SERwQUluS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjRGdDlVZVh6WXdyNm5uRGd2dFlsNFcvZUtlODA1N0FYKzQvd0tpajBKMW1YVERLdW1NTUJWTEl" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "GzYPfYIDUuL33ns89BzENZVXvbOrf13rR9OLQrOd" "uc_cart_id" => "31de5ca3a8697abfe5d4259a19203271" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14265" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:01:38GET/chapter/14265112198