Biodiversity and Livelihood: Lessons from Community Research in India

Concepts of Robustness and Ecosystem Health – with Case Studies from The Indian Context

Author(s): Arnab Banerjee, Santanu Ray and Priti Kumar Roy

Pp: 105-120 (16)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811482151120010011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Reservoirs and estuaries are two diverse types of aquatic ecosystems that have their own uniqueness. While artificial aquatic systems like reservoirs encompass hybrid characters of both lakes and streams, estuaries are considered as the most productive of all ecosystems. A detailed study of these ecosystems becomes essential to comprehend the health of such systems. Universal to any ecosystem is its ability to counter conditions of stress and this ability termed as robustness signifies the systems’ sustainability. Robustness is a good indicator of ecosystem health and is also dependent on the magnitude and type of inflicted stress. A comparative analysis of ecosystem health and robustness indicators of Bakreswar reservoir and Hooghly Matla Estuarine system is presented as case studies. Descriptive ecosystem indices are discussed in the current study including different network indicators. As a conclusion of this study, it has been observed that while the Bakreswar reservoir is moderately stable with a fairly robust and mature system, the Hooghly ecosystem is facing degradation. Ecological network indices revealed that variation in robustness values for both the systems is related more with the fish biomass perturbation scenario rather than the producer perturbation. This is confirmed by the various network indices used for analysis.


Keywords: Ecological Network Analysis, Ecopath with Ecosim, Food Web, Reservoir, Trophic Structure.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497967 and j.to_date >= 1740497967 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14264) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497967 and j.to_date >= 1740497967 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14264) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59422581 and j.to_ip >=59422581 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497967 and j.to_date >= 1740497967 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14264)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2909 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497967 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497967 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2909
      • 3: 1740497967
      • 4: 1740497967
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='23e7e469049ae6b4aec0b6c4a6a27d7b'
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        VqD4Z2GucoE1wz91twjaulhDiG2kShd4UJMMoESu
        uc_cart_id
        23e7e469049ae6b4aec0b6c4a6a27d7b
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14264" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14264
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InJKTllUaWVyd3pRNFVDV3oveWhWTVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1RwcXVINkhUNFRwZms0MUREaVZmNytGejFieUNCa1ZxNE1lNElKK3lkcz0iLCJtYWMiOiJhMzQwODdkYmRiYzc4NzMxMDkwNTAyYzZmZDQyYTBhM2ViM2IzMzhiZWUzMTc2YmE5NzhhOWY2N2YzNTA4YjQ2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InJKTllUaWVyd3pRNFVDV3oveWhWTVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1RwcXVINkhUNFRwZms0MUREaVZmNytGejFieUNCa1ZxNE1lNElKK3lkcz0iLCJtYWMiOiJhMzQwODdkYmRiYzc4" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:39:27 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjdzS3BpQ1JUcGw0d0RVQWkyaDBLdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVkWGR0bXRMeVBaTjdkMENSb3l0WDV4eVdkbnpmeThPZ0dXRGV6VVlVT3B6VUtXSEdvWHdoSEJZZFlUcWY3cnJyYUM0b0loS1JXOHZRVFdOZnBhbVJrU0luaWk2Vm00K2lxZnJhMktoMDBmY0pMSVM3TVErZlROMmhEdzZBMXAiLCJtYWMiOiJjMzlkNGRjMzQ5ODMzNjUxYzQ4OTY1ZTMxYmNjZTIzNDVmZTBiMTI4YzhkOGQ1NTg2ZWJiN2RkMzk5YjZlM2IxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:39:27 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjdzS3BpQ1JUcGw0d0RVQWkyaDBLdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVkWGR0bXRMeVBaTjdkMENSb3l0WDV4eVdkbnpmeThPZ0dXRGV6VVlVT3B6VUtXSEdvWHdoSEJZZFlUcWY3cnJyYUM0b" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlplU1JDNG9LV0t5MUV3cVdseDBQOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWNOMldheTNPS1ArQzIzNHFOL1QySUFoenJkR2VvSTYyUU1BK2Q0U3J3ZWFZdkhqY1RoZDVMWVF5RGo0SUZmdHZHMTZ1dWlXWTVhMmEvNUNoR09WUHFxR0xGeE55RGVVVlN5b2VjL0hvRCtSb3dSaUNTWktHaG9ubERacVcvdGYiLCJtYWMiOiIyM2FjOWFjNDhhYjNlYWEzOTE0YWJmN2Y4NzcwNzE0MTc2MWQ2ZmE5NjFiZWU3MGExMGNmMzBjM2ZmNTBkOGMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlplU1JDNG9LV0t5MUV3cVdseDBQOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWNOMldheTNPS1ArQzIzNHFOL1QySUFoenJkR2VvSTYyUU1BK2Q0U3J3ZWFZdkhqY1RoZDVMWVF" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjdzS3BpQ1JUcGw0d0RVQWkyaDBLdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVkWGR0bXRMeVBaTjdkMENSb3l0WDV4eVdkbnpmeThPZ0dXRGV6VVlVT3B6VUtXSEdvWHdoSEJZZFlUcWY3cnJyYUM0b0loS1JXOHZRVFdOZnBhbVJrU0luaWk2Vm00K2lxZnJhMktoMDBmY0pMSVM3TVErZlROMmhEdzZBMXAiLCJtYWMiOiJjMzlkNGRjMzQ5ODMzNjUxYzQ4OTY1ZTMxYmNjZTIzNDVmZTBiMTI4YzhkOGQ1NTg2ZWJiN2RkMzk5YjZlM2IxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:39:27 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjdzS3BpQ1JUcGw0d0RVQWkyaDBLdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVkWGR0bXRMeVBaTjdkMENSb3l0WDV4eVdkbnpmeThPZ0dXRGV6VVlVT3B6VUtXSEdvWHdoSEJZZFlUcWY3cnJyYUM0b" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlplU1JDNG9LV0t5MUV3cVdseDBQOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWNOMldheTNPS1ArQzIzNHFOL1QySUFoenJkR2VvSTYyUU1BK2Q0U3J3ZWFZdkhqY1RoZDVMWVF5RGo0SUZmdHZHMTZ1dWlXWTVhMmEvNUNoR09WUHFxR0xGeE55RGVVVlN5b2VjL0hvRCtSb3dSaUNTWktHaG9ubERacVcvdGYiLCJtYWMiOiIyM2FjOWFjNDhhYjNlYWEzOTE0YWJmN2Y4NzcwNzE0MTc2MWQ2ZmE5NjFiZWU3MGExMGNmMzBjM2ZmNTBkOGMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlplU1JDNG9LV0t5MUV3cVdseDBQOWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWNOMldheTNPS1ArQzIzNHFOL1QySUFoenJkR2VvSTYyUU1BK2Q0U3J3ZWFZdkhqY1RoZDVMWVF" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "VqD4Z2GucoE1wz91twjaulhDiG2kShd4UJMMoESu" "uc_cart_id" => "23e7e469049ae6b4aec0b6c4a6a27d7b" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14264" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:39:27GET/chapter/14264112197