Development of Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy- Future of Personalized Immunotherapy

Lymphocytes play vital roles in surveillance of the formation and development of tumors as well as control of tumor disease. Employing the immune cells to recognize and destroy tumor cells is a central task of anticancer immunotherapy. Since 1987 cultured tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from the site of tumor tissue have been discovered more than 100-fold to kill tumor cells to compare cultured T-cell from peripheral blood, we have been studying TIL anti-tumor mechanism and clinical feasibility of immune-cell immunotherapy, especially functionally inducing TILs for immunotherapy purpose for more than two decades. At present, to make it a clinically feasible treatment, there have been increased reports in optimizing those procedures. Several standard protocols of laboratory performance and clinical treatments have been quickly developed in cancer immunotherapy. With using this standard protocol, cytotoxic T-cells are infused into cancer patients with cytokine help in recognizing, targeting, and destroying tumor cells. In the chapter, we review some of the significant successes of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy (AIT or ACT) and the significant obstacles that have been overcome to optimize ACT. Here, we also more focus on the study of research and development of T-cell inducing, culture and proliferation for adoptive immunotherapy, and eventually introduce clinical knowledge of lymphocytes application including feasible and affordable to treat patients.

Keywords: Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT), Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), CIK (cytokine-induced killer cells), LAK (lymphokine-activated killer), NK cells, Personalized immunotherapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte).