Heat Stress In Food Grain Crops: Plant Breeding and Omics Research

Genetic Enhancement of Heat Tolerance in Maize Through Conventional and Modern Strategies

Author(s): M. G. Mallikarjuna, Jayant S. Bhat, Firoz Hossain, Palanisamy Veeraya, Akshita Tyagi, Chikkappa G. Karjagi and H. C. Lohithaswa

Pp: 28-66 (39)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811473982120010004

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Globally, maize is an important crop and serves as a livelihood for millions of marginal farmers across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. However, heat stress has become a globally prominent and growing concern for maize farmers, owing to its adverse impact on maize growth and productivity. In addition, the mean maximum temperature may increase by 2.1–2.6°C in 2050, with significant temporal and spatial variations, across South Asia. Further, the heat-stressed areas would increase to 21% from the current baseline. Heat stress is known to induce a series of morphophysiological, anatomical and molecular changes in maize, thereby affecting growth and development, which ultimately leads to a drastic reduction in the grain yield. Regulation of osmoprotectants, detoxification of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of heat-responsive/shock genes, and change of plant phenology help in the development of heat tolerance. The molecular basis of heat stress tolerance mechanisms has been appreciably understood and updated using the innovative physiological and molecular tools. Further, functional genomics strategies resulted in the identification of genes and regulatory pathways involved in heat stress tolerance in maize. Several attempts have been made in breeding heat-tolerant maize cultivars. The availability of genomic resources, accessibility to sequence information and millions of SNP markers in maize facilitated the selection for heat tolerance at the genome-level. Genomics-assisted mapping revealed several QTL and interactions for heat stress functional adaptive traits. The new breeding approaches like doubled haploid inducers, genome editing tools and high throughput phenomics at the breeders' disposal are opening up a new era in maize breeding for development of heat resilient maize hybrids.


Keywords: Climate Change, Functional Genomics, Genomics-Assisted Breeding, Heat, Maize, Resilience.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834390 and j.to_date >= 1739834390 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14095) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834390 and j.to_date >= 1739834390 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14095) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834390 and j.to_date >= 1739834390 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 14095)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2892 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834390 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834390 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2892
      • 3: 1739834390
      • 4: 1739834390
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9
        uc_cart_id
        944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14095" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/14095
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9" "uc_cart_id" => "944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/14095" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:19:50GET/chapter/14095112198