Bacterial Diseases

Gonorrhea: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae is the Causative Agent

Author(s): Muhammad Imran Qadir and Maria Rizvi

Pp: 86-89 (4)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811473760120010022

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Gonorrhea is the 2nd most sexually transmitted disease and is very contagious. The causative agent of this disease is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. According to WHO (World Health Organization), the ratio of new cases of gonorrhea reported every year is 1.6 million worldwide. Symptoms of gonorrhea in females are dysuria, vaginal discharge, rectal and/or lower abdominal discomfort, abnormal uterine bleeding, and dyspareunia, and in males, symptoms are dysuria, urethral itch and/or discharge and rectal or testicular pain. Gonorrhea screening is facilitated by NAATs (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests) in the last decade. Prescribed medication for gonorrhea disease is combination therapy together with a single dosage of ceftriaxone 250 mg given deep into the muscles plus oral intake of either 100 milligrams of doxycycline or 1 gm of azithromycin twice a day for one week. This disease can be prevented by avoiding sexual intercourse, the use of condoms, modifications in sexual practices, and reduction in the number of sex partners.


Keywords: Gonorrhea, NAAT, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), Symptoms, Treatment.

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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
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      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848508 and j.to_date >= 1739848508 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13934) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848508 and j.to_date >= 1739848508 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13934) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848508 and j.to_date >= 1739848508 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13934)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2880 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848508 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848508 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.33msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2880
      • 3: 1739848508
      • 4: 1739848508
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='0d940ca00768b9c42d8099b36c59fd60'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        Lwx4HfJ0SBfgrHJEEmRQGUXk9DZ88EQ49scbwpWj
        uc_cart_id
        0d940ca00768b9c42d8099b36c59fd60
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13934" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/13934
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ims2akVXSkxWREg5TDdOSCt0VU9GUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNFVyRUVkTno4RVRSTko0d0wyTXlxK01icFFFZ2J0a2ZPcXJ0SFZuZzBpYz0iLCJtYWMiOiI5YWU5MzVjMTczZjM5YTRmMjM2ZDY1ZGZkYWYyNjk5MTgwYjZiNmQxNjRhYjU1OTI2Zjc4ZGQ1NjI2ZTNiODRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ims2akVXSkxWREg5TDdOSCt0VU9GUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNFVyRUVkTno4RVRSTko0d0wyTXlxK01icFFFZ2J0a2ZPcXJ0SFZuZzBpYz0iLCJtYWMiOiI5YWU5MzVjMTczZjM5" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:15:08 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklKZmo1SStXK0JtYmg4OFN2c0pvc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY2I0eFB0ZkNvc1U5M0Q4ZFozRnRVN296YkoyZXdabDJjR1hxNXIzREcySE9idFAvR2I2VTkxOVBwWEpoM2NTeWMxT2wwWHZFMEpNRWlRZWc5ZDViRU1oQXo0Z0FwMlZJaE5zRDN0MXY2STgycW1OTHpJZ2hKbkZSeVJtWno2cGsiLCJtYWMiOiI3ODYxN2FiMmRmZDlkZmE1ZTE1ZWI1ZTgxMTVjMjljMDNjZmEwODc4OTg1YTRiZGQyYTY4MDg4NjI4MWEzYTNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:15:08 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklKZmo1SStXK0JtYmg4OFN2c0pvc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY2I0eFB0ZkNvc1U5M0Q4ZFozRnRVN296YkoyZXdabDJjR1hxNXIzREcySE9idFAvR2I2VTkxOVBwWEpoM2NTeWMxT2wwW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjFoMEx3dUJGUnBkdEVzSkxnZHF1Zmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNWRSOTFlK1VLaE4yTUc2TlhKdWRHQ0F5dHQ5cVFUdDI3SndORUp5R0VzTmxqc0plbXBIV3BKbHdIYjE0QjlCRFV4QTA0NjB0N1pGSTdvSzlSOWViN1RVdUNSR2NXaXlhSG1lRVNwbDJwTWw2RDduMmthN3FJU3FGb2IyeVRPYkIiLCJtYWMiOiIyNjhhNDkwNGM3ZDJhM2JlYmMzZmFhYzViOGFjOWY5MjRkMTIwYWM4MzBiYTE3Y2MzZjE1NjYyNDg1ZDIzZjE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjFoMEx3dUJGUnBkdEVzSkxnZHF1Zmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNWRSOTFlK1VLaE4yTUc2TlhKdWRHQ0F5dHQ5cVFUdDI3SndORUp5R0VzTmxqc0plbXBIV3BKbHd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklKZmo1SStXK0JtYmg4OFN2c0pvc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY2I0eFB0ZkNvc1U5M0Q4ZFozRnRVN296YkoyZXdabDJjR1hxNXIzREcySE9idFAvR2I2VTkxOVBwWEpoM2NTeWMxT2wwWHZFMEpNRWlRZWc5ZDViRU1oQXo0Z0FwMlZJaE5zRDN0MXY2STgycW1OTHpJZ2hKbkZSeVJtWno2cGsiLCJtYWMiOiI3ODYxN2FiMmRmZDlkZmE1ZTE1ZWI1ZTgxMTVjMjljMDNjZmEwODc4OTg1YTRiZGQyYTY4MDg4NjI4MWEzYTNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:15:08 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklKZmo1SStXK0JtYmg4OFN2c0pvc1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY2I0eFB0ZkNvc1U5M0Q4ZFozRnRVN296YkoyZXdabDJjR1hxNXIzREcySE9idFAvR2I2VTkxOVBwWEpoM2NTeWMxT2wwW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjFoMEx3dUJGUnBkdEVzSkxnZHF1Zmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNWRSOTFlK1VLaE4yTUc2TlhKdWRHQ0F5dHQ5cVFUdDI3SndORUp5R0VzTmxqc0plbXBIV3BKbHdIYjE0QjlCRFV4QTA0NjB0N1pGSTdvSzlSOWViN1RVdUNSR2NXaXlhSG1lRVNwbDJwTWw2RDduMmthN3FJU3FGb2IyeVRPYkIiLCJtYWMiOiIyNjhhNDkwNGM3ZDJhM2JlYmMzZmFhYzViOGFjOWY5MjRkMTIwYWM4MzBiYTE3Y2MzZjE1NjYyNDg1ZDIzZjE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjFoMEx3dUJGUnBkdEVzSkxnZHF1Zmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNWRSOTFlK1VLaE4yTUc2TlhKdWRHQ0F5dHQ5cVFUdDI3SndORUp5R0VzTmxqc0plbXBIV3BKbHd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "Lwx4HfJ0SBfgrHJEEmRQGUXk9DZ88EQ49scbwpWj" "uc_cart_id" => "0d940ca00768b9c42d8099b36c59fd60" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13934" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:15:08GET/chapter/13934112197