Structural Failure Analysis and Prediction Methods for Aerospace Vehicles and Structures

Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis for Notched Specimens under Flight Spectrum Loading

Author(s): W. Zhuang and L. Molent

Pp: 85-95 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805024611001010085

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In aerospace vehicle design, structures always contain a range of geometric variations including various notches, holes and cutouts to achieve certain mechanical functions as well as weight savings. Those notches and holes can cause local stress concentrations and/or create hot spots for fatigue crack initiation and propagation. This chapter presents an analytical study of fatigue crack growth in aluminium alloy 7050-T7451 notched specimens under a fighter aircraft wing root bending moment spectrum. The crack growth data were measured by quantitative fractography for three groups of specimens with different stress concentration geometrical features. Under spectrum loading and for each spectrum peak stress level, a minimum of five specimens were tested. Based on the analysis of the measured spectrum crack growth data using linear elastic fracture mechanics, it was found that the concept of geometry factors formulated in the stress intensity factor could not collapse the crack growth rate data derived from each stress concentration feature, particularly near the small crack growth region. In order to investigate the possible reasons for this, three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis was used to determine notch plastic zone sizes for each stress concentration geometry. As a consequence, an alternative crack growth driving force which considered both notch elastic-plastic stress field and gross net-section stress field was used to interpret the fatigue crack growth data under spectrum loading. It was found that the predictions of crack growth under spectrum loading for different stress concentration factors at different peak load levels agreed reasonably well with the experimental results.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51491093 and j.to_ip >=51491093 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513710 and j.to_date >= 1740513710 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1352) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51491093 and j.to_ip >=51491093 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513710 and j.to_date >= 1740513710 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1352) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51491093 and j.to_ip >=51491093 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513710 and j.to_date >= 1740513710 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1352)
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 887 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740513710 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740513710 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 887
      • 3: 1740513710
      • 4: 1740513710
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='7d89a62d18773aeff56a2c9ca8a79dff'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        3MVicTeQ6oNqy8HSktH9sfigxl3j01AKS8bHQ1am
        uc_cart_id
        7d89a62d18773aeff56a2c9ca8a79dff
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1352" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/1352
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjZydXRVM05yUDErTVZDV0c4b3BGSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS0VJdm9PbW1Scy8rQTdXY25sSHpFZjVUK2JjcUs4eUJxamhNaGdXSDN2TT0iLCJtYWMiOiJhMzUxYjk1NGNmMTFkOWIxMDE5N2NkY2VmYzI5YjUwYmQyZGJhYjU3MjdjMmVkNTkyNjZlODEwM2JmN2VkZDU2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjZydXRVM05yUDErTVZDV0c4b3BGSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS0VJdm9PbW1Scy8rQTdXY25sSHpFZjVUK2JjcUs4eUJxamhNaGdXSDN2TT0iLCJtYWMiOiJhMzUxYjk1NGNmMTFk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:01:50 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ino4Z1JPMEJmQWw3bEFKVDlqUnlhM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm1teitWVy83bEgzb25Ud1RmK0NTOElqSTNFSllGNlVXSDcrMlVxZlhPeWNJL3JYV3VobVlYSjlSSysrL004c3FTSEFVR0hiVTlWSnZJSFBIZlZFQmJ1VVBwd2pNYW8xVm9OV29GUzMrOENTZ3o1WUpGNG11alMrMXZlaHE5UVoiLCJtYWMiOiJmYzliNGExZWU3ZWJiMDYzN2ZlNmZmMTY0YTJiMDE0N2UwOTVjM2IzYTdjNjdjZmQxMzhjMzY2MzU4Nzk3ZGFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:01:50 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ino4Z1JPMEJmQWw3bEFKVDlqUnlhM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm1teitWVy83bEgzb25Ud1RmK0NTOElqSTNFSllGNlVXSDcrMlVxZlhPeWNJL3JYV3VobVlYSjlSSysrL004c3FTSEFVR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLMnhOOUVwZ2prcWVZT1lwVkxkUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlprRFFaWkhsbmpuU1RrZWpxOGkzSGNRcnlhSXgzSklYQy8xbThkajJ0d1BGTEhZSys5ai9xMDNLeS9QT2pPcXFQajdqQ2luQnJheXhMaTJyakFpSkV0OW1tdEx4dzFCaTQ1V2p3Q2pwdG5RdHM0WkJiNmNhaFp5YUZvZEtoVTMiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZjNhNzVlMWEzNjg5NDQ3OGQ3OTg3NjllYzFjYWFiYjdjZTYwODIzOTdjOWRjOTE5NWE0OTRmZWUzZTNhN2EzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLMnhOOUVwZ2prcWVZT1lwVkxkUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlprRFFaWkhsbmpuU1RrZWpxOGkzSGNRcnlhSXgzSklYQy8xbThkajJ0d1BGTEhZSys5ai9xMDN" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ino4Z1JPMEJmQWw3bEFKVDlqUnlhM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm1teitWVy83bEgzb25Ud1RmK0NTOElqSTNFSllGNlVXSDcrMlVxZlhPeWNJL3JYV3VobVlYSjlSSysrL004c3FTSEFVR0hiVTlWSnZJSFBIZlZFQmJ1VVBwd2pNYW8xVm9OV29GUzMrOENTZ3o1WUpGNG11alMrMXZlaHE5UVoiLCJtYWMiOiJmYzliNGExZWU3ZWJiMDYzN2ZlNmZmMTY0YTJiMDE0N2UwOTVjM2IzYTdjNjdjZmQxMzhjMzY2MzU4Nzk3ZGFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:01:50 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ino4Z1JPMEJmQWw3bEFKVDlqUnlhM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm1teitWVy83bEgzb25Ud1RmK0NTOElqSTNFSllGNlVXSDcrMlVxZlhPeWNJL3JYV3VobVlYSjlSSysrL004c3FTSEFVR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLMnhOOUVwZ2prcWVZT1lwVkxkUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlprRFFaWkhsbmpuU1RrZWpxOGkzSGNRcnlhSXgzSklYQy8xbThkajJ0d1BGTEhZSys5ai9xMDNLeS9QT2pPcXFQajdqQ2luQnJheXhMaTJyakFpSkV0OW1tdEx4dzFCaTQ1V2p3Q2pwdG5RdHM0WkJiNmNhaFp5YUZvZEtoVTMiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZjNhNzVlMWEzNjg5NDQ3OGQ3OTg3NjllYzFjYWFiYjdjZTYwODIzOTdjOWRjOTE5NWE0OTRmZWUzZTNhN2EzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJLMnhOOUVwZ2prcWVZT1lwVkxkUEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMlprRFFaWkhsbmpuU1RrZWpxOGkzSGNRcnlhSXgzSklYQy8xbThkajJ0d1BGTEhZSys5ai9xMDN" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "3MVicTeQ6oNqy8HSktH9sfigxl3j01AKS8bHQ1am" "uc_cart_id" => "7d89a62d18773aeff56a2c9ca8a79dff" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1352" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:01:50GET/chapter/1352112193