Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Therapeutic Implications

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Abstract

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) varies depending on the presence of traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, and is as high as 85% in the long-standing diabetic patient on hemodialysis that is over the age of 45. This highly elevated risk necessitates timely assessment and therapeutic interventions to mitigate the complications of CAD that remain the most common cause of mortality in the patient with CKD. With the overlapping risk factors and multifactorial causes of CAD seen in patients with CKD such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, clinicians need to maintain a high index of awareness of the proper evaluation and management tools and principles in their armamentarium of care for these patients. In this chapter, we examine the current evaluations and management principles and discuss their therapeutic implications.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease, Evaluation, Management.

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