Marine Ecology: Current and Future Developments

Volume: 2

Development of Regeneration Technology for a Seaweed Bed

Author(s): Chika Kosugi* and Toshiaki Kato

Pp: 267-277 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811437250120020024

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Reduction of seaweed beds in coastal areas, called isoyake in Japanese, is a serious problem in Japan, which results in the disappearance of habitats for many fishes and the decline of coastal fisheries. Many factors may contribute to the reduction of seaweed beds, including seawater temperature rising, grazing by herbivores, deficiencies of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and iron, among others. We examined fertilization by selected some nutrients and minerals, with a particular focus on iron, and developed a fertilizer, VivaryTM Unit. VivaryTM Unit is a 1:1 (v:v) mixture of the steelmaking slag and humus soil. Steelmaking slag, which is a by-product of the steelmaking process, is a source of iron, and artificial humus soil contains chelators such as humic acid. To establish a regeneration technology for seaweed beds, we verified the role of iron in seaweed growth and the bioavailability of VivaryTM Unit with several experiments in various scales. In vitro culture was used to demonstrate the synthesis of chlorophyll a in Pyropia yezoensis thalli and the requirement of iron in gametophyte maturation in Saccharina japonica var. religiosa. The effects of VivaryTM Unit were demonstrated through two experiments. (1) a cultivation test of P. yezoensis in a mesocosm facility, (2) a field test in Hokkaido, Japan. In the cultivation of P. yezoensis the elution of nitrogen, phosphorus, silica and iron from VivaryTM Unit were revealed, and P. yezoensis grew only in the mesocosm with VivaryTM Unit. In the field test in Hokkaido, seaweed beds, especially S. japonica var. religiosa, were restored following fertilization via a buried VivaryTM Unit. We indicated the effect of dissolved iron supplied by the buried VivaryTM Unit by examining the correlation between EC (electrical conductivity) and dissolved iron compared with the correlation between EC and dissolved silica.


Keywords: Chlorosis, Converter slag, Fertilizer, Humus soil, iron, isoyake, Mesocosm, Pyropia yezoensis, Reduction of seaweed beds, Saccharinales, Saccharina japonica var. religiosa, Seaweed bed restorations, Steelmaking slag, VivaryTM Unit.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51413955 and j.to_ip >=51413955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834843 and j.to_date >= 1739834843 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13413) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51413955 and j.to_ip >=51413955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834843 and j.to_date >= 1739834843 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13413) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51413955 and j.to_ip >=51413955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834843 and j.to_date >= 1739834843 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13413)
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2806 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834843 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834843 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2806
      • 3: 1739834843
      • 4: 1739834843
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='04b0b2d5ec25af491c956cda88f6c6e6'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    14Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        bieGpH83QmTII5T24HLqyyULxNArnD225JB7ZvYn
        uc_cart_id
        04b0b2d5ec25af491c956cda88f6c6e6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13413" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/13413
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:27:23GET/chapter/134131121916