Stress Response and Immunity: Links and Trade Offs

Extremophiles

Author(s): Nadia Danilova

Pp: 101-124 (24)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811437175120010005

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Many Earth habitats have an extreme cold, heat, salinity, and pressure conditions. Such places are populated by extremophiles. Thermophiles prefer environments with high temperatures. Psychrophiles live at very low temperatures. Halophiles can tolerate high salt, alkaliphiles tolerate high and acidophiles low pH. Barophiles adapt to live under high pressure. Extremophiles have permanent modifications in their membranes and in the amino acid composition of their proteins that allow them to maintain a stable internal environment under extreme conditions. Many environments have several extreme conditions, e.g. cold and high pressure on the ocean floor; such places are populated by polyextremophiles.


Keywords: Alkaliphile, Acidophile, Compatible Solutes, Extremophiles, Halophile, Halophile, Polyextremophile, Psychrophile, Thermophile.

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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      850μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309766940 and j.to_ip >=309766940 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515804 and j.to_date >= 1740515804 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13380) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309766940 and j.to_ip >=309766940 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515804 and j.to_date >= 1740515804 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13380) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309766940 and j.to_ip >=309766940 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515804 and j.to_date >= 1740515804 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13380)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2805 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740515804 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740515804 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.47msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2805
      • 3: 1740515804
      • 4: 1740515804
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='4e169ca01eab51ca8d792bba0075b477'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        uZUanZUEhstvjre2z3ESfCxw23Dz2CsXYFrwhQd5
        uc_cart_id
        4e169ca01eab51ca8d792bba0075b477
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13380" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/13380
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhQeU1nK1F4L0VGUm55NzgyUlp4OGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZGg2a2d6ZlQ2cWhCUWJpSERjYlFVTEVtNnRwcEVOK3pqMk16WTh6QW5Ldz0iLCJtYWMiOiJhZmMxMDk3MjE0MTUxMmUwZDZhMjIxNDU0NDc1MDA0NTY1ODM0NzM5OTdiNzFlNWVjYjFhZjIwMDgyYWY1NjU1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZqMlF4UjROYjhUOFZ2WGJ6YlZRSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT1psczFPckd0akhQelRmV3pjU1JmZUhWamwvdERSZkZNQVZwR1g0SDNBUHQ2SjA1d0t0bjY4eEZ1aGI1WmdjSlRmeFVQMTFOODdtRXdVMkUwa3BEYnRreWZMR3RXcm9ySnIxRmZkSWpPcnJuTGNUTzdsclpIeDhPR3ZSQVBLK24iLCJtYWMiOiJkZjYxNjM4ODU5NWY2ZWY3M2IzYzEzMWViNGFiMGM2YTU0NGU5N2U4N2Y2YmU1ZWZlN2U4MjdkMzUzMzlkODViIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IldENFYrbTJUVDByY1JXOVlCaWM3L1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSE5oQ2RRQ09EYW45U0N0V3hGcUVZdEtHdzdHbkdjcmZpaGxwdHNWSlEzek02UXlzTCt4dW91Wmg2ZjRWUmgyalZleGVjREVyRjhHbVY5T09qWGZ6NW9NTHNGbThLUThzMXp5ODhkTG56YVI3dGpqQzVqM1VNaFYya2tkTHdleEoiLCJtYWMiOiJjNGQ1OTc1NjkxNzExNDk1YjAwMmEyMzIwZTI2OGY4NGI0OTJiZGQzZDFkMTY1ZDBlYTk4NTNhMTIyMGQyZDMzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhQeU1nK1F4L0VGUm55NzgyUlp4OGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZGg2a2d6ZlQ2cWhCUWJpSERjYlFVTEVtNnRwcEVOK3pqMk16WTh6QW5Ldz0iLCJtYWMiOiJhZmMxMDk3MjE0MTUx" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "uZUanZUEhstvjre2z3ESfCxw23Dz2CsXYFrwhQd5" "uc_cart_id" => "4e169ca01eab51ca8d792bba0075b477" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13380" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:36:44GET/chapter/133801121911