Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research-Diabetes and Obesity

Volume: 4

The Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Nephropathy: The Progress in the Past Decades

Author(s): Xiang Tu, Yuan Ping Deng, Ming Chen, James B. Jordan and Sen Zhong

Pp: 108-134 (27)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681084459119040006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Current research has revealed that inflammation as the cardinal pathophysiological mechanism in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diverse inflammatory cytokines interact with each other and together with other mechanisms; result in the progression of DN. It is now widely accepted that many inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-18, etc. are involved in the pathogenesis and development of DN. Published articles reported that a large number of single Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their extracts could confer benefits to DN by regulating inflammatory cytokines; such as Astragalus, Danshen Root, Szechuan Lovage Rhizome, Kudzuvine Root, Common Threewingnut Root, etc. TCM formulae also could regulate inflammatory cytokines in DN; such as Buyang Huanwu Decoction, Fufang Danshen Diwan, Bushen Tongluo Formular, etc. This is usually associated with improved kidney histomorphology, proteinuria and renal function parameters in DN. Although some researches concerning TCM for inflammatory cytokines in DN are in-depth, most researches, if not all, are still very superficial. The signaling pathways and underlying mechanisms of TCM affecting inflammatory cytokines remain unclear. Although there are many shortcomings in this field, it is still fortunate that the experimental renobenefits of TCM can be translated for human into clinical treatment. This indicates new, effective and promising therapeutic drugs.


Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, Diabetes Review, Inflammatory Cytokines, TCM Formulae, Traditional Chinese Medicine.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59854122 and j.to_ip >=59854122 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740528219 and j.to_date >= 1740528219 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12849) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59854122 and j.to_ip >=59854122 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740528219 and j.to_date >= 1740528219 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12849) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59854122 and j.to_ip >=59854122 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740528219 and j.to_date >= 1740528219 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12849)
      500μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2247 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740528219 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740528219 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2247
      • 3: 1740528219
      • 4: 1740528219
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='c8c2d8c88bbc5370e98dcc7d0fe15da9'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        DaNhIEnD6xhr52U329Iykqe8U0LKiJfPX3ieBV6Q
        uc_cart_id
        c8c2d8c88bbc5370e98dcc7d0fe15da9
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12849" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12849
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IklsQks0ejdKb2R4NXZsK0pnYUk4WXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienlxRUd1MmVxM1J2bFhxRU5kcFB2ejg3ZE5aMkhTZWxpbzFjVHgwWW45TT0iLCJtYWMiOiI5OWJmYTk0M2NjYWEwNmI3YjQ4MGU0ZjY1MDE3ZmYyOGE5MDYyMWExYTkwNzVhYjUwYTM2ZjBhYmY5ZmZiYjEyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IklsQks0ejdKb2R4NXZsK0pnYUk4WXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienlxRUd1MmVxM1J2bFhxRU5kcFB2ejg3ZE5aMkhTZWxpbzFjVHgwWW45TT0iLCJtYWMiOiI5OWJmYTk0M2NjYWEw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 26 Feb 2025 00:03:39 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZ1bVp5SVdaSjJkVGNXazRQc0g4MVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM01MQit6R05KVUZCWlB0dStHZXFPVHFveFdzdjVQM3M0Vi9ZQ2ZaaVVvdy9aajVWS3JUZnRHTWZJQW8yVklSa2R5YVBYYXlVc2tuUncweGJMeTlZUWFrdHhoUlN2WjAybyt6Z0d6Y1F1bXBtbytqVlFEclp0L2l1RllsOG5pSy8iLCJtYWMiOiI2ODM5ZjM0ZGQ5ZmY4ZWJkNGM0ZDY1ZDU4YzhlOTE1NGE2NzhlMTZmMDM4M2M2N2M2ZTQwNWI3NzQ0ODU2MzdjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 12:03:39 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZ1bVp5SVdaSjJkVGNXazRQc0g4MVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM01MQit6R05KVUZCWlB0dStHZXFPVHFveFdzdjVQM3M0Vi9ZQ2ZaaVVvdy9aajVWS3JUZnRHTWZJQW8yVklSa2R5YVBYY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImEvVkF6L3ZhaDF6N1BqdktNN1dRR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWNweVNqMHc2Vzg4d0dWTXBZdWVUTmQwcXlYQjZORVNOSGVJdWpyVUhCQ2c0cU1pWkhZd3JRK0lHa0NFWVQ5QnA1aGp4dVRuOEVtVHhBQnlUYlBWVWdxcmRoUTE2LzhxMVdBeG8yUzF0ZlJnSWpSc2ZjV09HUlJmM2dxSVpCRVkiLCJtYWMiOiI0YmYxMzRiMjhhZmE3ZTYwMGRlNDAzNDU3MmJkMTY5NTM1MjhjMWVlYWNmZmQ4NTMxMjBiZmI2MDEyMGRiOTE1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImEvVkF6L3ZhaDF6N1BqdktNN1dRR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWNweVNqMHc2Vzg4d0dWTXBZdWVUTmQwcXlYQjZORVNOSGVJdWpyVUhCQ2c0cU1pWkhZd3JRK0l" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZ1bVp5SVdaSjJkVGNXazRQc0g4MVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM01MQit6R05KVUZCWlB0dStHZXFPVHFveFdzdjVQM3M0Vi9ZQ2ZaaVVvdy9aajVWS3JUZnRHTWZJQW8yVklSa2R5YVBYYXlVc2tuUncweGJMeTlZUWFrdHhoUlN2WjAybyt6Z0d6Y1F1bXBtbytqVlFEclp0L2l1RllsOG5pSy8iLCJtYWMiOiI2ODM5ZjM0ZGQ5ZmY4ZWJkNGM0ZDY1ZDU4YzhlOTE1NGE2NzhlMTZmMDM4M2M2N2M2ZTQwNWI3NzQ0ODU2MzdjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 12:03:39 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZ1bVp5SVdaSjJkVGNXazRQc0g4MVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM01MQit6R05KVUZCWlB0dStHZXFPVHFveFdzdjVQM3M0Vi9ZQ2ZaaVVvdy9aajVWS3JUZnRHTWZJQW8yVklSa2R5YVBYY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImEvVkF6L3ZhaDF6N1BqdktNN1dRR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWNweVNqMHc2Vzg4d0dWTXBZdWVUTmQwcXlYQjZORVNOSGVJdWpyVUhCQ2c0cU1pWkhZd3JRK0lHa0NFWVQ5QnA1aGp4dVRuOEVtVHhBQnlUYlBWVWdxcmRoUTE2LzhxMVdBeG8yUzF0ZlJnSWpSc2ZjV09HUlJmM2dxSVpCRVkiLCJtYWMiOiI0YmYxMzRiMjhhZmE3ZTYwMGRlNDAzNDU3MmJkMTY5NTM1MjhjMWVlYWNmZmQ4NTMxMjBiZmI2MDEyMGRiOTE1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImEvVkF6L3ZhaDF6N1BqdktNN1dRR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWNweVNqMHc2Vzg4d0dWTXBZdWVUTmQwcXlYQjZORVNOSGVJdWpyVUhCQ2c0cU1pWkhZd3JRK0l" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "DaNhIEnD6xhr52U329Iykqe8U0LKiJfPX3ieBV6Q" "uc_cart_id" => "c8c2d8c88bbc5370e98dcc7d0fe15da9" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12849" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-26 00:03:39GET/chapter/12849112197