Frontiers in Myocardia

Volume: 2

Evaluation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Function using Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy

Author(s): Hiroshi Mori and Shinro Matsuo

Pp: 213-221 (9)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681087603118020014

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

A heart is controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system. The synapse mediator of sympathetic nerve ending is norepinephrine, and the mediator of parasympathetic nerve ending is acetylcholine. In the case of heart failure, infarction or various heart diseases, the abnormality of cardiac sympathetic nerve appears. Iodine- 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is widely used for radiopharmaceutical in the world. 123I-MIBG is proven as a specific radiolabeled tracer of sympathetic innervation heart because of high accumulation ratio compared with normal sympathetic nerve heart. The material is taken up in a sympathetic nerve ending and stored in synapse granular vesicles like uptake-mechanism of norepinephrine. Cardiovascular diseases have a relation with activity of the sympathetic cardiac nerves. To evaluate cardiac sympathetic activity, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is commonly used. 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is performed at 10 to 15 minutes (early image) and 3 to 4 hours (delayed image) after intravenous injection. Cardiac 123I-MIBG uptake is commonly assessed by viewing the planar images. 123I-MIBG SPECT has been used to evaluate regional denervation and for better quantification of the size and severity of innervation abnormalities. Therefore, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is very useful and widely available nuclear imaging method for assessing myocardial sympathetic innervation.


Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Heart-to-mediastinum ratio, Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071449 and j.to_ip >=59071449 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740361839 and j.to_date >= 1740361839 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12774) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071449 and j.to_ip >=59071449 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740361839 and j.to_date >= 1740361839 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12774) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59071449 and j.to_ip >=59071449 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740361839 and j.to_date >= 1740361839 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12774)
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2631 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740361839 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740361839 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2631
      • 3: 1740361839
      • 4: 1740361839
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3d15a4716c115ffef3e9893e28bdcc39'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        Kj3JgwJNBpDeWC0JDy1CczSq52gFZaMTOvOwy1Vc
        uc_cart_id
        3d15a4716c115ffef3e9893e28bdcc39
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12774" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12774
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImZTbStDWlZUZnNrRGREZjJ2VHBtamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVdRSGxob254RUxubTh3RG9wVHYraHZucTJKUjdCTVZaWXJvMC8xbW9Xdz0iLCJtYWMiOiIyMjBmMmI4OTY1NTEwZWI1OWQ2YjUzNjQyN2Y1NWY3Yjk1MmVlZjFiZjA0OWIzYTE3MWM5YTZiYTdiZThmYTYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImZTbStDWlZUZnNrRGREZjJ2VHBtamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVdRSGxob254RUxubTh3RG9wVHYraHZucTJKUjdCTVZaWXJvMC8xbW9Xdz0iLCJtYWMiOiIyMjBmMmI4OTY1NTEw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 01:50:39 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVQb0ZpYTJ0aVVUNHdRazE4VGNGbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXNJejFoems5QUZTLzNCZ3JJamdkYlU1SEhRdUlQMEdmdzFEWGRKTTZhS1FhUjR3UzhFZ1cvUkVGS2hmdS9meFpZejJEYXNBR2RNMVdjL1NVdmpqKzdnUHdzQXBPeUhHNnlWYzkrU3U1NzFYaFhXWUJOWW5pdjZjYjVWZnRYdjciLCJtYWMiOiJmZTNlYjljMWI1MWIzNDE0MTE1M2JlNTliNWExMWQ4ZDU1ZTA0M2YyMDJjMzMyOWE3MjM5N2Y4NWJjODgwZGMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 13:50:39 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVQb0ZpYTJ0aVVUNHdRazE4VGNGbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXNJejFoems5QUZTLzNCZ3JJamdkYlU1SEhRdUlQMEdmdzFEWGRKTTZhS1FhUjR3UzhFZ1cvUkVGS2hmdS9meFpZejJEY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktmZ0tqN1BhdEtQK3FyRDR1Z0ZGM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaENXM3EreXozZWFFMFVQRll6c2p5WitBQjRsSUY1KzZSTU1TblorQnRjMHZqRTZ5MVZvWkZ5U3BSSWF1cEJXcFVQbmwrajl1aThsaFc1cmM4OWdzOEF5M2pHZzRoV09nRy9mUTRkT0xTWWtGWElIajVVWE1sM3VvYUJ3bklid3YiLCJtYWMiOiI1ODhmZTBlM2NjNTg0ZjQ0NjhiNmUwMTY0ZTQ4ZmFiOWZjNzU5NDRlZmFiNjEzYWIyZmQ0ZmFiZTM2NWU1NDAyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktmZ0tqN1BhdEtQK3FyRDR1Z0ZGM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaENXM3EreXozZWFFMFVQRll6c2p5WitBQjRsSUY1KzZSTU1TblorQnRjMHZqRTZ5MVZvWkZ5U3B" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVQb0ZpYTJ0aVVUNHdRazE4VGNGbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXNJejFoems5QUZTLzNCZ3JJamdkYlU1SEhRdUlQMEdmdzFEWGRKTTZhS1FhUjR3UzhFZ1cvUkVGS2hmdS9meFpZejJEYXNBR2RNMVdjL1NVdmpqKzdnUHdzQXBPeUhHNnlWYzkrU3U1NzFYaFhXWUJOWW5pdjZjYjVWZnRYdjciLCJtYWMiOiJmZTNlYjljMWI1MWIzNDE0MTE1M2JlNTliNWExMWQ4ZDU1ZTA0M2YyMDJjMzMyOWE3MjM5N2Y4NWJjODgwZGMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 13:50:39 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVQb0ZpYTJ0aVVUNHdRazE4VGNGbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXNJejFoems5QUZTLzNCZ3JJamdkYlU1SEhRdUlQMEdmdzFEWGRKTTZhS1FhUjR3UzhFZ1cvUkVGS2hmdS9meFpZejJEY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktmZ0tqN1BhdEtQK3FyRDR1Z0ZGM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaENXM3EreXozZWFFMFVQRll6c2p5WitBQjRsSUY1KzZSTU1TblorQnRjMHZqRTZ5MVZvWkZ5U3BSSWF1cEJXcFVQbmwrajl1aThsaFc1cmM4OWdzOEF5M2pHZzRoV09nRy9mUTRkT0xTWWtGWElIajVVWE1sM3VvYUJ3bklid3YiLCJtYWMiOiI1ODhmZTBlM2NjNTg0ZjQ0NjhiNmUwMTY0ZTQ4ZmFiOWZjNzU5NDRlZmFiNjEzYWIyZmQ0ZmFiZTM2NWU1NDAyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktmZ0tqN1BhdEtQK3FyRDR1Z0ZGM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaENXM3EreXozZWFFMFVQRll6c2p5WitBQjRsSUY1KzZSTU1TblorQnRjMHZqRTZ5MVZvWkZ5U3B" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "Kj3JgwJNBpDeWC0JDy1CczSq52gFZaMTOvOwy1Vc" "uc_cart_id" => "3d15a4716c115ffef3e9893e28bdcc39" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12774" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-24 01:50:39GET/chapter/12774112195