Frontiers in Myocardia

Volume: 2

Neurotransmitter Imaging for Cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo Syndrome

Author(s): Takayuki Warisawa and Yoshihiro J. Akashi

Pp: 203-212 (10)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681087603118020013

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Although the guidelines of the Japanese Circulation Society recommend Iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy in patients with heart failure, this scintigraphy can be applied to evaluate cardiac sympathetic activity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Increased cardiac sympathetic activity in HCM is associated with the various clinical features, the advancement of disease stage, and the prognosis. However, it has not been fully studied whether this neurotransmitter imaging function as a monitor of the therapeutic effect in HCM. 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy has been taken an important role to explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in TTS. TTS is a novel cardiac syndrome involving acute onset of ST-segment elevation on electrocardiography, mimicking acute myocardial infarction without coronary artery flow limitation. Although over 25- years have passed since the first description, the details of the underlying pathophysiology are still unclear. Of great interest now is whether it could be utilized to stratify the cardiac risk in patients with TTS using 23I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. In this chapter, we focus on the clinical value of 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in these patients.


Keywords: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, 123I-MIBG Myocardial Scintigraphy, Takotsubo Syndrome.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740365948 and j.to_date >= 1740365948 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12773) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740365948 and j.to_date >= 1740365948 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12773) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740365948 and j.to_date >= 1740365948 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12773)
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2631 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740365948 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740365948 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2631
      • 3: 1740365948
      • 4: 1740365948
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='944e93e88da6262d94788e16006c131a'
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        hUvHnZsOLY67IDZMvpe1FRImUMWZB5gvt8r1PdDd
        uc_cart_id
        944e93e88da6262d94788e16006c131a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12773" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12773
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjlBWjhKYXplK1pZdFNWbCtua2VzZUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ0Z1cFFmd1FGbDZEZWlNWEUyNW84ZlZWT3MvUVZMb05tdVFnN0Uzdzgycz0iLCJtYWMiOiI1NzJjODZkMjkyZTdmMzhlYmIxMGE2ZjNkZDhiYTBlOWIwOGI4Y2QzZTQ2NDdkNjkyNWZjYzE5MTBlNjdiMDNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjlBWjhKYXplK1pZdFNWbCtua2VzZUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ0Z1cFFmd1FGbDZEZWlNWEUyNW84ZlZWT3MvUVZMb05tdVFnN0Uzdzgycz0iLCJtYWMiOiI1NzJjODZkMjkyZTdm" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 02:59:08 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPQkY1UkphV3pqOWtFMjhDYW52M0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtQTGJlYkpLOG5MdWdVa1lkSXdxeEkyL1VBRy9OOWFiQXlGbjJZSVdIbEZJbk9PK3dCU1ZWTFB0QzI3MVdTMWFEeHFXVlBSRjQ0TnhPWDQ5MmZoei90ZEM5aHgvRm1nWlluR3NVSmZmZ0pHT0FVWEl5K2hQQVQ5elhMN0dzVXciLCJtYWMiOiI5Nzc2N2QyZWM1ZTk0MTQ3NzdhMzYyOWJhZGIyN2JiNjI4YjMyMzkwY2Y4YmI0OGNhZjliYWE5OGY5Y2MxMDUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 14:59:09 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPQkY1UkphV3pqOWtFMjhDYW52M0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtQTGJlYkpLOG5MdWdVa1lkSXdxeEkyL1VBRy9OOWFiQXlGbjJZSVdIbEZJbk9PK3dCU1ZWTFB0QzI3MVdTMWFEeHFXV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRMVGlUT1JrL25hRElnbkhXcHZyZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY0Zvbm52NnVKQ2hkN3BGNmpPODVBM3hWVS9tVkZBWFM0cXRlWTU4OVlvSGN0V083K0VqTTZJMmZ1ZVhOczMwZDBiY3lJM2lHOFhuMXJvUnQ2TmV5WEkyeUtHZ1RzSzg0NmdWUGh2Y1B5emNoZ1lQamx4Nkg2ZDR3V1Z3cHpZQkIiLCJtYWMiOiI5NmVmZTNkYTZlMzgyYzQ1ZTM3Y2VhOTA4YzBlYTRjOWE0NDU4Y2JmNjZlM2YxYjM5YjQxMDc0MGVkYzg3NWI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRMVGlUT1JrL25hRElnbkhXcHZyZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY0Zvbm52NnVKQ2hkN3BGNmpPODVBM3hWVS9tVkZBWFM0cXRlWTU4OVlvSGN0V083K0VqTTZJMmZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPQkY1UkphV3pqOWtFMjhDYW52M0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtQTGJlYkpLOG5MdWdVa1lkSXdxeEkyL1VBRy9OOWFiQXlGbjJZSVdIbEZJbk9PK3dCU1ZWTFB0QzI3MVdTMWFEeHFXVlBSRjQ0TnhPWDQ5MmZoei90ZEM5aHgvRm1nWlluR3NVSmZmZ0pHT0FVWEl5K2hQQVQ5elhMN0dzVXciLCJtYWMiOiI5Nzc2N2QyZWM1ZTk0MTQ3NzdhMzYyOWJhZGIyN2JiNjI4YjMyMzkwY2Y4YmI0OGNhZjliYWE5OGY5Y2MxMDUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 14:59:09 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPQkY1UkphV3pqOWtFMjhDYW52M0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicWtQTGJlYkpLOG5MdWdVa1lkSXdxeEkyL1VBRy9OOWFiQXlGbjJZSVdIbEZJbk9PK3dCU1ZWTFB0QzI3MVdTMWFEeHFXV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRMVGlUT1JrL25hRElnbkhXcHZyZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY0Zvbm52NnVKQ2hkN3BGNmpPODVBM3hWVS9tVkZBWFM0cXRlWTU4OVlvSGN0V083K0VqTTZJMmZ1ZVhOczMwZDBiY3lJM2lHOFhuMXJvUnQ2TmV5WEkyeUtHZ1RzSzg0NmdWUGh2Y1B5emNoZ1lQamx4Nkg2ZDR3V1Z3cHpZQkIiLCJtYWMiOiI5NmVmZTNkYTZlMzgyYzQ1ZTM3Y2VhOTA4YzBlYTRjOWE0NDU4Y2JmNjZlM2YxYjM5YjQxMDc0MGVkYzg3NWI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRMVGlUT1JrL25hRElnbkhXcHZyZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiY0Zvbm52NnVKQ2hkN3BGNmpPODVBM3hWVS9tVkZBWFM0cXRlWTU4OVlvSGN0V083K0VqTTZJMmZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "hUvHnZsOLY67IDZMvpe1FRImUMWZB5gvt8r1PdDd" "uc_cart_id" => "944e93e88da6262d94788e16006c131a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12773" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-24 02:59:09GET/chapter/12773112195