Frontiers in Myocardia

Volume: 2

Potential Uses of 123mIBG and Analogous PET Tracers to Guide Use of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Heart Failure and Associated Arrhythmias

Author(s): Mark I. Travin

Pp: 176-202 (27)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681087603118020012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Heart failure has become a worldwide pandemic, with high morbidity and mortality, and also high costs. While better therapies are improving outcomes, many of the treatments are invasive and expensive, particularly cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). As the effectiveness of many pharmacologic therapies are attributed to their addressing the neurohormonal pathophysiology underlying heart failure, one would expect that using CIEDs based on neurohormonal parameters would provide more effective use of them. An important component of the neurohormonal system is cardiac adrenergic innervation that can be imaged with single photon radiotracers such as iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) and analogous positron emission (PET) tracers such as carbon-11-metahydroxyephedrine (11C-HED). Adrenergic imaging has consistently been shown to effectively risk stratify patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and it does so independently of, and in many cases better than, customarily used parameters. In addition, adrenergic imaging has been shown to effectively and independently stratify HFrEF patients in terms of the risk of a lethal ventricular arrhythmic event. For therapeutic guidance, while adrenergic imaging is unlikely to influence institution of guidelines directed pharmacologic treatments, there is much evidence of a potential to help guide use of CIEDs such as biventricular pacemakers for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), ventricular assist devices for end-stage HFrEF (LVAD), and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). In particular, 123I-mIBG imaging parameters appear to follow a patient’s clinical response to CRT and perhaps could better identify which patients are more likely to benefit. 123I-mIBG imaging parameters, by identifying when pharmacologic therapy is failing, could show earlier in the disease course when LVAD would be beneficial, and then later help determine when or if patients who already have the device have achieved reverse ventricular remodeling sufficient to consider LVAD explantation. Finally, evidence indicates that adrenergic imaging should be able to more effectively guide use of ICDs than current recommendations that are based largely on ejection fraction, with imaging especially able to identify patients who are very unlikely to benefit from this device that has underappreciated morbidities. In addition, with regard to addressing ventricular arrhythmias, there are studies reporting benefits of adrenergic imaging for guidance of invasive electrophysiological therapeutic procedures. Thus, while CIEDs have provided tremendous benefit to people with advanced heart failure, with technologic advances continuously occurring, radionuclide adrenergic imaging shows much promise in more effectively guiding use of these devices.


Keywords: Adrenergic Innervation, Autonomic Nervous System, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED), Heart Failure, 123I-mIBG, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD), Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD), Radionuclide Adrenergic Imaging, Ventricular Arrhythmias.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58768607 and j.to_ip >=58768607 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740362949 and j.to_date >= 1740362949 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12772) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58768607 and j.to_ip >=58768607 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740362949 and j.to_date >= 1740362949 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12772) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58768607 and j.to_ip >=58768607 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740362949 and j.to_date >= 1740362949 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12772)
      970μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2631 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740362949 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740362949 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      19.48msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2631
      • 3: 1740362949
      • 4: 1740362949
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='b4c0cddca89a680733d38cd26b7f30c6'
      18.37msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        YRCFlgSV0ad9ZCEIz6oP8Qq65ftS6vOAc43jnFBF
        uc_cart_id
        b4c0cddca89a680733d38cd26b7f30c6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12772" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12772
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ind2MkJtOTBZRytBVFFwRFJvT0VYaWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXFHRFlFTlZpTWdyVjAvemp6cXRFV3dwVTBVNUUvMUN1M01mTVkwSUZiQT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNDJjMjUwM2I3MzBjY2VlMjcwNTMxMGNlYTg3YzdlNjA2MmRmY2FmMjZiNDg3ODliMmI0MWY0YWVhZmU5YTQyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ind2MkJtOTBZRytBVFFwRFJvT0VYaWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXFHRFlFTlZpTWdyVjAvemp6cXRFV3dwVTBVNUUvMUN1M01mTVkwSUZiQT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNDJjMjUwM2I3MzBj" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 02:09:09 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVHekxLTTNyZjlmVWkwL2l3RjBHcWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiREJuT3g2cVBhUGFQQVI0ZnJjampOZ2JIczc5RFREZ1JwQjZBRFJHL0E3eVFiUnVnc2lBZDdpbGdaN21rK1BsSjVnM3cxSDJzZlcwM0l0QUpWaHkwNTYyYkx4alQxblhnbEV6b1Fsdk4vTjBjZFJhTjNBTkszSUZSbjdWK2N5QWIiLCJtYWMiOiJlZWUzZjZkNTY1MDhjYTNlYTY3MWI2Y2M3ODFlMzY3YjdkN2RhZjRhMDM2Mzk2OWE2MTQyODcwMGM5ZTQyOGNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 14:09:09 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVHekxLTTNyZjlmVWkwL2l3RjBHcWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiREJuT3g2cVBhUGFQQVI0ZnJjampOZ2JIczc5RFREZ1JwQjZBRFJHL0E3eVFiUnVnc2lBZDdpbGdaN21rK1BsSjVnM3cxS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFHUVl0b1ZJWGFDUXB0MW90dFNCN2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWjlOMmhFY0dEdjNubW1USkVuangxZlFpOCthWXQySmpNaFR3djkrdlZpMUNCc0N4NUl2elJkanZ0NFNDc21FcTM3czlEcmVMUmI3NnAxVXJpMVl4SlBDR0FaMDE0UkZoeTJxMFdmUy9pRmpsdEwyVWtEVjNPM21PZHdsMFFwT00iLCJtYWMiOiI3Y2NhMzU2OTBkNGZkY2NiMThlYzYyMDAzNWE4YjQyZWZkMDAwZjllNjNlMjZkMDRlNTM1MmYwZGVkNWUyZTM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFHUVl0b1ZJWGFDUXB0MW90dFNCN2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWjlOMmhFY0dEdjNubW1USkVuangxZlFpOCthWXQySmpNaFR3djkrdlZpMUNCc0N4NUl2elJkanZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVHekxLTTNyZjlmVWkwL2l3RjBHcWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiREJuT3g2cVBhUGFQQVI0ZnJjampOZ2JIczc5RFREZ1JwQjZBRFJHL0E3eVFiUnVnc2lBZDdpbGdaN21rK1BsSjVnM3cxSDJzZlcwM0l0QUpWaHkwNTYyYkx4alQxblhnbEV6b1Fsdk4vTjBjZFJhTjNBTkszSUZSbjdWK2N5QWIiLCJtYWMiOiJlZWUzZjZkNTY1MDhjYTNlYTY3MWI2Y2M3ODFlMzY3YjdkN2RhZjRhMDM2Mzk2OWE2MTQyODcwMGM5ZTQyOGNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 14:09:09 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVHekxLTTNyZjlmVWkwL2l3RjBHcWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiREJuT3g2cVBhUGFQQVI0ZnJjampOZ2JIczc5RFREZ1JwQjZBRFJHL0E3eVFiUnVnc2lBZDdpbGdaN21rK1BsSjVnM3cxS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFHUVl0b1ZJWGFDUXB0MW90dFNCN2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWjlOMmhFY0dEdjNubW1USkVuangxZlFpOCthWXQySmpNaFR3djkrdlZpMUNCc0N4NUl2elJkanZ0NFNDc21FcTM3czlEcmVMUmI3NnAxVXJpMVl4SlBDR0FaMDE0UkZoeTJxMFdmUy9pRmpsdEwyVWtEVjNPM21PZHdsMFFwT00iLCJtYWMiOiI3Y2NhMzU2OTBkNGZkY2NiMThlYzYyMDAzNWE4YjQyZWZkMDAwZjllNjNlMjZkMDRlNTM1MmYwZGVkNWUyZTM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFHUVl0b1ZJWGFDUXB0MW90dFNCN2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWjlOMmhFY0dEdjNubW1USkVuangxZlFpOCthWXQySmpNaFR3djkrdlZpMUNCc0N4NUl2elJkanZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "YRCFlgSV0ad9ZCEIz6oP8Qq65ftS6vOAc43jnFBF" "uc_cart_id" => "b4c0cddca89a680733d38cd26b7f30c6" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12772" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-24 02:09:09GET/chapter/127721121912