Magnetic Resonance in Studying Natural and Synthetic Materials

2D Diffusion-Diffusion Correlation NMR Spectroscopy in Study of Diffusion Anisotropy in Wood

Author(s): Victor V. Rodin

Pp: 97-109 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681086293118010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter describes how to use 2-dimensional pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy to explore the anisotropic diffusion of water in wood. Simulations based on the theory of 2D diffusion-diffusion correlations with the application of inverse Laplace transform (ILT) have been carried out for orthogonal and collinear pairs of gradients with parameters of 2D experiment on wood. The algorithm uses analytical solution for the echo attenuation in the 2D PFG experiment with collinear/orthogonal applications of two gradient pulses pairs. Numerical expressions calculated for the gradients and the model diffusion coefficients in both orthogonal directions were treated by 2D ILT on various artificial and experimental data sets. The algorithm is presented in a NMR context for wetting wood when the gradient directions are switched. The results showed how 2D (D1, D2) ILT maps reflected different ratios D1/D2 in two orthogonal directions. When two pairs of gradients were applied orthogonally in 2D experiment on wood, the features of diffusion anisotropy appeared as off-diagonal “wings” in 2D diffusion map whereas in the experiment with two collinear pairs of gradients, anisotropic diffusion of water in wood cells has been observed as two diagonal peaks in 2D map.


Keywords: 2D diffusion-diffusion correlation NMR spectroscopy (DDCOSY), Anisotropic diffusion, Apparent diffusion coefficient Dapp, Free induction decay (FID), Inverse Laplace transform (ILT), NMR, Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) NMR, Spin-echo (SE), Spin-lattice (longitudinal) relaxation time T1, Spin-spin (transverse) relaxation time T2, Stimulated echo (STE), Water, Wood.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873355389 and j.to_ip >=873355389 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834410 and j.to_date >= 1739834410 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12641) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873355389 and j.to_ip >=873355389 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834410 and j.to_date >= 1739834410 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12641) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873355389 and j.to_ip >=873355389 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834410 and j.to_date >= 1739834410 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12641)
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2517 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834410 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834410 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.18msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2517
      • 3: 1739834410
      • 4: 1739834410
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5b4a0c6d1fce0d5c39c28fbd19703fe5'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    13Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        qjnrMqYOu4ZM7Fb1yCJTesgPo1FWYRl28gb4q3d3
        uc_cart_id
        5b4a0c6d1fce0d5c39c28fbd19703fe5
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12641" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12641
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        0 of 0
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:10GET/chapter/126411121915