Magnetic Resonance in Studying Natural and Synthetic Materials

Basic Principles of NMR and Experimental Techniques

Author(s): Victor V. Rodin

Pp: 1-25 (25)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681086293118010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter introduces into NMR methods as the most important techniques for studying materials. The behaviour of spin system is considered in crossing magnetic fields from “classical” point of view. Basic equations for the vector of the bulk magnetisation M in outer magnetic field (Bloch equations) are discussed in rotating coordinate system. Spin-lattice (longitudinal) relaxation and spin-spin (transverse) relaxation are considered. The chapter describes the NMR experimental techniques for studying relaxation times T1, T2 and cross-relaxation. The role of proton exchange between the water and exchangeable protons of macromolecules is considered. Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR techniques are described for application in one- and twodimensions. Double-quantum-filtered (DQF) NMR spectroscopy is introduced as a technique to study the materials with anisotropic motion of molecules.


Keywords: Apparent diffusion coefficient Dapp, Double-quantum-filter (DQF) NMR, Fourier transform (FT), Free induction decay (FID), Inverse Laplace transformation (ILT), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG), Radio frequency (RF), Residual dipolar interaction (RDI), Spin-echo (SE), Spinlattice (longitudinal) relaxation time T1, Spin-spin (transverse) relaxation time T2, Stimulated echo (STE), Two-dimensional diffusion-diffusion correlation NMR spectroscopy (2D DDCOSY).

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316522063 and j.to_ip >=316522063 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834605 and j.to_date >= 1739834605 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12636) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316522063 and j.to_ip >=316522063 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834605 and j.to_date >= 1739834605 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12636) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316522063 and j.to_ip >=316522063 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834605 and j.to_date >= 1739834605 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12636)
      650μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2517 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834605 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834605 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2517
      • 3: 1739834605
      • 4: 1739834605
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='54275dd44336f3a2506df8043ab7388e'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    14Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        eV4vxPinQDUyg330UUVT9tFkc20TvSwjqP1btzyG
        uc_cart_id
        54275dd44336f3a2506df8043ab7388e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12636" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12636
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:23:25GET/chapter/126361121916