Frontiers in Neurosurgery

Volume: 4

Pathological Classification of Craniopharyngioma and its Molecular Aspects

Author(s): Xiao-rong Yan and Yi Liu

Pp: 38-51 (14)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681085326117040005

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Craniopharyngioma is a type of epithelial neoplasm that develops in the sellar region, a feature that distinguishes these tumors from other glial or neuronal lesions in the same location. Although the etiology of craniopharyngioma has not yet been confirmed, this type of tumor is generally thought to derive from the epithelial remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct that eventually forms part of the adenohypophysis. In this chapter, we address the pathological classification of craniopharyngioma and its molecular aspects. craniopharyngiomas can be divided into two subtypes: adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and squamous papillary craniopharyngioma (SPCP). ACP is more common (90% of all craniopharyngiomas), particularly among children. ACP features various types of epithelial characteristics such as peripheral palisades, stellate reticulum, whorl-like array cells, wet keratin, and cholesterol clefts. SPCP tumors are found almost exclusively in adults and generally present as solid masses comprised histologically of sheets of well-differentiated squamous epithelial cells, with prominent papillae composed of squamous epithelial cells that grow around fibrovascular cores. ACp contain mutations in CTNNB1, encoding β-catenin: a component of the adherens junction and mediator of Wnt signalling. reported frequency of CTNNB1 mutations varies widely (16–100%). Recently, it was reported that pCps contain BRAF p.V600e mutations in 95% of cases and that CTNNB1 and BRAF mutations are mutually exclusive and specific to tumour subtype.


Keywords: Beta-catenin, BRAF p.V600e, Craniopharyngioma, Molecular mechanism, Pathway, WNT.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316574772 and j.to_ip >=316574772 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740773856 and j.to_date >= 1740773856 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11654) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316574772 and j.to_ip >=316574772 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740773856 and j.to_date >= 1740773856 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11654) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316574772 and j.to_ip >=316574772 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740773856 and j.to_date >= 1740773856 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11654)
      960μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2404 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740773856 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740773856 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.58msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2404
      • 3: 1740773856
      • 4: 1740773856
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ead4b1eb591ed7cabd15de176b50fe7f'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        f3eDiEOe7Sl6DoOCkiDVyX60DFNcHSa32jGji3kw
        uc_cart_id
        ead4b1eb591ed7cabd15de176b50fe7f
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11654" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/11654
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:17:36GET/chapter/11654112198