Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research

Volume: 7

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair in Vivo with a Focus on Gene Therapy

Author(s): Ana Rey-Rico, Janina Frisch and Magali Cucchiarini

Pp: 1-22 (22)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681085524117070003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Articular cartilage lesions that may be limited (focal defects) or generalized like in osteoarthritis (OA) constitute a key, unsolved clinical problem as a result of the inadequate ability of this tissue to self-repair. Thus far, none of the pharmacological treatments and surgical options allow to reproduce the original cartilage integrity in patients, resulting instead in the formation of a fibrocartilaginous reparative tissue with poor mechanical function that is unable to withstand natural loading and stresses throughout life. Approaches based on the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide attractive tools to enhance the repair of cartilage lesions as such cells are easy to acquire, expand, and can specifically commit towards the chondrocyte phenotype. This chapter aims at providing an overview of the most current and innovative strategies based on the implantation of MSCs as a means to enhance cartilage repair both in focal defects and in OA lesions in vivo. These approaches include scaffold-free and scaffold-guided procedures as well as gene-based strategies to stimulate the cell chondrogenic activities as a means to restore the natural structure and mechanical integrity in sites of cartilage damage.


Keywords: Focal defect, Osteoarthritis, Mesenchymal stem cells, Chondrocyte phenotype, Scaffolds, Hydrogels, Solid scaffolds, Multiphasic scaffolds, Gene therapy, Cartilage repair.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version758msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[20:57:16] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (490ms)time
  • Application (268ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (64.62%)
    490ms
    1 x Application (35.38%)
    268ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed115ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59799503','',1,1740776236,1740776236) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740776236
      16.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59799503','/chapter/11082',1,1740776236,1740776236)
      4.96msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59799503 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59799503) limit 1
      36.69msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59799503
      • 1: 59799503
      • 2: 59799503
      • 3: 59799503
      • 4: 59799503
      • 5: 59799503
      • 6: 59799503
      • 7: 59799503
      • 8: 59799503
      • 9: 59799503
      • 10: 59799503
      • 11: 59799503
      • 12: 59799503
      • 13: 59799503
      • 14: 59799503
      • 15: 59799503
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '11082' limit 1
      2.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 11082
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '11082' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 11082
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '11082'
      28.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 11082
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 455 limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 455
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455) and se.ebook_id!=455 and v.ebook_status='1'
      3.71msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455) and se.ebook_id!=455 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455)
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455) limit 10 offset 0
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 2270 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 2270
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 455 and ebook_volume_id <> 2270 limit 1
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 455
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '11082' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      4.53msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '2270' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59799503 and j.to_ip >=59799503 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740776236 and j.to_date >= 1740776236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2270) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59799503 and j.to_ip >=59799503 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740776236 and j.to_date >= 1740776236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2270) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59799503 and j.to_ip >=59799503 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740776236 and j.to_date >= 1740776236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2270)
      880μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59799503 and j.to_ip >=59799503 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740776236 and j.to_date >= 1740776236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11082) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59799503 and j.to_ip >=59799503 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740776236 and j.to_date >= 1740776236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11082) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59799503 and j.to_ip >=59799503 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740776236 and j.to_date >= 1740776236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11082)
      1.33msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2270 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740776236 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740776236 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      3.8msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2270
      • 3: 1740776236
      • 4: 1740776236
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='2b5edd465cc7401cd179d296ad35c299'
      6.56msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        ihYk0qBGJUuj3nJAqWqZhg2HVA0zjzLbRvTVey4J
        uc_cart_id
        2b5edd465cc7401cd179d296ad35c299
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11082" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/11082
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ikd6MXJoVEZYc3d4cTB6Z3I2UVM1ZVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVFNGcHpkYzJzckNkdER3Q3Z3dys3MkhZcnV6cXl0TXo3Uko0VFlDSkh5OD0iLCJtYWMiOiIyYzExNjk1OGRjY2VkYjI3OGU3MTkxMWEyMzZjNjdkYzEyNjAwZTI1MjllZjE5YjkzN2RjZTc2ZjhhNzBkZWQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ikd6MXJoVEZYc3d4cTB6Z3I2UVM1ZVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVFNGcHpkYzJzckNkdER3Q3Z3dys3MkhZcnV6cXl0TXo3Uko0VFlDSkh5OD0iLCJtYWMiOiIyYzExNjk1OGRjY2Vk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:57:16 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik4xcktsYTBJcFczd3hRenRQWHRpd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibzc5TG5teVpTNGU1TEpXZlA0UElUNmZUdDh6eHJnaE9aTEtUUmxxc3QxZUx0Y2htQ0VCQzZCK1JOZmdVd1JXY0x1c3l3ZjE1Z3hpN3l4OTFBK0NDUThZbjBhMURFUmpKalBXRkhxYVV4TEdMM290UVVmYXBGK21BaTRmSCtreVMiLCJtYWMiOiI0NjkxNWIzNzE2NDY1Mzk3YTRhYzg4NWY5ZmE3MGM4NTA2Mjc3YzcwZmIyOTU5MDQ5YTVlMDY0OGJiYThmMTdlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:57:16 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik4xcktsYTBJcFczd3hRenRQWHRpd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibzc5TG5teVpTNGU1TEpXZlA0UElUNmZUdDh6eHJnaE9aTEtUUmxxc3QxZUx0Y2htQ0VCQzZCK1JOZmdVd1JXY0x1c3l3Z" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRWNm9JalRTNnpTR3pSYVlDdUJpV1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL1ZuYkRPWmVMejZnNDIwbUxVRmhCSVRpeXN0TjZnQlJmY0lhb210c1NLVnVWWEx3NVFhc05VaTlSczFVRy9LOGJKZVFJcER6UWQyWCtDVjBlRTVaemdFbmxVMlkxb2xGSGJLRTJESnJuYmhDdHBnUTB5RkZFKzNxSmVwdEEyN28iLCJtYWMiOiIwZDE2YmEzMDNiODM2ZWQzMTBlMWE5ZjE5OTczMDg3MGEwYmI1MmRlMjZkYTA2NjViOTFmNDAxMTg4ZWQzMWU2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRWNm9JalRTNnpTR3pSYVlDdUJpV1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL1ZuYkRPWmVMejZnNDIwbUxVRmhCSVRpeXN0TjZnQlJmY0lhb210c1NLVnVWWEx3NVFhc05VaTl" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik4xcktsYTBJcFczd3hRenRQWHRpd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibzc5TG5teVpTNGU1TEpXZlA0UElUNmZUdDh6eHJnaE9aTEtUUmxxc3QxZUx0Y2htQ0VCQzZCK1JOZmdVd1JXY0x1c3l3ZjE1Z3hpN3l4OTFBK0NDUThZbjBhMURFUmpKalBXRkhxYVV4TEdMM290UVVmYXBGK21BaTRmSCtreVMiLCJtYWMiOiI0NjkxNWIzNzE2NDY1Mzk3YTRhYzg4NWY5ZmE3MGM4NTA2Mjc3YzcwZmIyOTU5MDQ5YTVlMDY0OGJiYThmMTdlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:57:16 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik4xcktsYTBJcFczd3hRenRQWHRpd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibzc5TG5teVpTNGU1TEpXZlA0UElUNmZUdDh6eHJnaE9aTEtUUmxxc3QxZUx0Y2htQ0VCQzZCK1JOZmdVd1JXY0x1c3l3Z" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRWNm9JalRTNnpTR3pSYVlDdUJpV1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL1ZuYkRPWmVMejZnNDIwbUxVRmhCSVRpeXN0TjZnQlJmY0lhb210c1NLVnVWWEx3NVFhc05VaTlSczFVRy9LOGJKZVFJcER6UWQyWCtDVjBlRTVaemdFbmxVMlkxb2xGSGJLRTJESnJuYmhDdHBnUTB5RkZFKzNxSmVwdEEyN28iLCJtYWMiOiIwZDE2YmEzMDNiODM2ZWQzMTBlMWE5ZjE5OTczMDg3MGEwYmI1MmRlMjZkYTA2NjViOTFmNDAxMTg4ZWQzMWU2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRWNm9JalRTNnpTR3pSYVlDdUJpV1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL1ZuYkRPWmVMejZnNDIwbUxVRmhCSVRpeXN0TjZnQlJmY0lhb210c1NLVnVWWEx3NVFhc05VaTl" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "ihYk0qBGJUuj3nJAqWqZhg2HVA0zjzLbRvTVey4J" "uc_cart_id" => "2b5edd465cc7401cd179d296ad35c299" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11082" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:57:16GET/chapter/110821121912