Abstract
Triple bottom line (TBL) accounting is a framework for assessing the sustainability performance of a product or an organization. The aim of this chapter is to present the results of a TBL assessment of algae bio-crude production. Algae are considered an ideal feedstock for biofuel production owing to their ability to grow on marginal land without the need for freshwater resources. This chapter presents an input-output based life-cycle assessment of algae bio-crude production. The following stages are considered in the analysis - cultivation of algae, extraction of bio-crude from algae, and transportation of algae bio-crude to a refinery for processing. A region in Australia ideal for the production of algae was chosen for this study. The results show that the supply chain of algae bio-crude production is more sustainable than that of crude oil production.
Keywords: Algae biofuel, Sustainability assessment, Input-output analysis, Energy use, Employment, Microalgae, Bio-crude, Footprint, Carbon-negative, Hybrid life-cycle assessment, Triple bottom line.
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