Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Alzheimer Disorders

Volume: 6

Neuro-protective Properties of the Fungus Isaria japonica: Evidence from a Mouse Model of Agedrelated Degeneration

Author(s): Koichi Suzuki, Masaaki Tsushima, Masanobu Goryo, Tetsuro Shinada, Yoko Yasuno, Eiji Nishimura, Yasuo Terayama, Yuki Mori and Yoshichika Yoshioka

Pp: 154-186 (33)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681083391117060009

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Isaria japonica (IJ), is an entomopathogenic fungus that is grown on pupae of the silkworm Bombyx mori for its medicinal properties. Its extracts have potential neuro-protective effects. An extract reversed astrogliosis in the CA3 area of the hippocampus of aged mice. The CA3 area is responsible for spatial pattern association and completion, detection of novel situations, and short-term memory. This finding led us to the development of treatments to improve age-related impairment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Acute and subchronic toxicity and chemical profiling of the extract were conducted for the assessments of medical use. We are now evaluating preclinical trials with AD patients. For the diagnosis of AD, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enabled the detection of the previously invisible pathological alterations in a mouse sclerosis model with autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed that demyelination regions in some multiple screlosis (MS) patients had increased lactic acid content, suggesting the presence of ischemic events. These results show that products derived from IJ may prevent or reduce the impact of dementia, especially AD, and MRI and MRS could lead widely to the diagnosis of neurological diseases.


Keywords: Aged brain, Alzheimer’s disease, Astrogliosis, Dementia, Entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria japonica, Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses, Multiple sclerosis, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59694094 and j.to_ip >=59694094 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740470837 and j.to_date >= 1740470837 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10751) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59694094 and j.to_ip >=59694094 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740470837 and j.to_date >= 1740470837 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10751) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59694094 and j.to_ip >=59694094 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740470837 and j.to_date >= 1740470837 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10751)
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2249 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740470837 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740470837 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2249
      • 3: 1740470837
      • 4: 1740470837
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='1f711edbc59cd3b9f9ac01e12cba98a3'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        YU03gN7cYElfCNq3JLHb2ZfDoCnbNg5UQMrbmDEO
        uc_cart_id
        1f711edbc59cd3b9f9ac01e12cba98a3
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10751" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10751
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkFnbFh0ZzkyWnQ1SXZiRmFFQ3I2b0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiakxCWlRFcExUc0NhdDV0VFJZcUNRaW5KM1RwSkI0Mks1WnVtRGdSK2psbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIzYWZmZTc2N2U1ODJkNjAzYjAzNGUxZjUyZTZhNzU2NWYwZWNiMzAxMWQ0MTM3ZGNmYTc3MzQxZWYzYTBhOTQ2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkFnbFh0ZzkyWnQ1SXZiRmFFQ3I2b0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiakxCWlRFcExUc0NhdDV0VFJZcUNRaW5KM1RwSkI0Mks1WnVtRGdSK2psbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIzYWZmZTc2N2U1ODJk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:07:17 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVraGdxMWV2T3l6M2xDUlVvdkttanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFNZbnUrdm1nbGlkRVJ3d2kwOTVVRGc2K1JtTHhVMFF2M1BLditkbTJPWk1YaCtUNU54REZGMjBMMTFhNytZYUNoQmJJM3NLdkRlaVE0TURhOEwwS2JPUEpEcnJXWWp4UFhVbC93Z1pmNTRpeEtOeFVKVnB0eUt4WWF4eGNkYVciLCJtYWMiOiI1ZTU2MTg4NjQ5YWE3MGE3ZjYxNWY3Y2YyZjdiZjgyNDdkZGE3MTFjZmExNjc2MDJjNGUzNmU0MWY0YmE5ZDU5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 20:07:17 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVraGdxMWV2T3l6M2xDUlVvdkttanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFNZbnUrdm1nbGlkRVJ3d2kwOTVVRGc2K1JtTHhVMFF2M1BLditkbTJPWk1YaCtUNU54REZGMjBMMTFhNytZYUNoQmJJM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNnUnRNblYrck0wYWtTeUoxOEN4eEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjZRWE9zZ2lMRGppSnFSeitMMHhsOTRvR0E2YzdmdE1XYjNLZ0czWGJXZkhmS1VUQVJoRXB1YWxDdE1WaUM1UlRaR1liQkVic3k3T05UaGNBS0RyWXgwYVRTTU9HUUF0WDRqRnhuM2ZIanFqenoxZi9ubys3TU5kK21FVXBRUUEiLCJtYWMiOiJhMGQxM2FkY2YxNzkxMDYxZGZjZmRkOGZjYjdmOGQ3MDI2M2E5Y2Q0NDAwYzJmOGM2NzQ1NWFhYTM2OTk0OGQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNnUnRNblYrck0wYWtTeUoxOEN4eEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjZRWE9zZ2lMRGppSnFSeitMMHhsOTRvR0E2YzdmdE1XYjNLZ0czWGJXZkhmS1VUQVJoRXB1YWx" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVraGdxMWV2T3l6M2xDUlVvdkttanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFNZbnUrdm1nbGlkRVJ3d2kwOTVVRGc2K1JtTHhVMFF2M1BLditkbTJPWk1YaCtUNU54REZGMjBMMTFhNytZYUNoQmJJM3NLdkRlaVE0TURhOEwwS2JPUEpEcnJXWWp4UFhVbC93Z1pmNTRpeEtOeFVKVnB0eUt4WWF4eGNkYVciLCJtYWMiOiI1ZTU2MTg4NjQ5YWE3MGE3ZjYxNWY3Y2YyZjdiZjgyNDdkZGE3MTFjZmExNjc2MDJjNGUzNmU0MWY0YmE5ZDU5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 20:07:17 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVraGdxMWV2T3l6M2xDUlVvdkttanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFNZbnUrdm1nbGlkRVJ3d2kwOTVVRGc2K1JtTHhVMFF2M1BLditkbTJPWk1YaCtUNU54REZGMjBMMTFhNytZYUNoQmJJM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNnUnRNblYrck0wYWtTeUoxOEN4eEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjZRWE9zZ2lMRGppSnFSeitMMHhsOTRvR0E2YzdmdE1XYjNLZ0czWGJXZkhmS1VUQVJoRXB1YWxDdE1WaUM1UlRaR1liQkVic3k3T05UaGNBS0RyWXgwYVRTTU9HUUF0WDRqRnhuM2ZIanFqenoxZi9ubys3TU5kK21FVXBRUUEiLCJtYWMiOiJhMGQxM2FkY2YxNzkxMDYxZGZjZmRkOGZjYjdmOGQ3MDI2M2E5Y2Q0NDAwYzJmOGM2NzQ1NWFhYTM2OTk0OGQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNnUnRNblYrck0wYWtTeUoxOEN4eEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjZRWE9zZ2lMRGppSnFSeitMMHhsOTRvR0E2YzdmdE1XYjNLZ0czWGJXZkhmS1VUQVJoRXB1YWx" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "YU03gN7cYElfCNq3JLHb2ZfDoCnbNg5UQMrbmDEO" "uc_cart_id" => "1f711edbc59cd3b9f9ac01e12cba98a3" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10751" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 08:07:17GET/chapter/107511121911