More Food: Road to Survival

Increasing Plant Breeding Efficiency through Evolutionary-Participatory Programs

Author(s): Salvatore Ceccarelli

Pp: 17-38 (22)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681084671117010005

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

One fundamental problem in plant breeding is the relationships between selection and target environments. Selection theory shows that response to selection (genetic gains) depends on this relationship because of genotype x environment interactions. Therefore, response to selection can be increased by making the selection environment as similar as possible to the target environment (decentralized breeding). However, this does not yet guarantee farmers’ acceptance of the new variety, which we argue is a more correct way of measuring plant breeding efficiency than variety release as usually done by public breeding programs. Using selection theory, the chapter shows that the probability that a new variety is accepted by farmers, thus impacting their livelihood, increases by selecting in the target environment (decentralized selection) in collaboration with farmers. Decentralized-participatory plant breeding also increases agrobiodiversity and makes plant breeding more cost-effective. The proclaimed efficiency of private breeding program, which can claim a wide farmers’ adoption, is actually driven by a seed market monopoly, which severely limits farmers’ choice of which seed to buy. However, the weak point of decentralized-participatory plant breeding is the unreliability and unpredictability of Institutional participation. Evolutionary-participatory plant breeding may overcome the limitations of participatory plant breeding, because farmers can handle evolutionary populations independently from Institution, yet without excluding them from participating. Because in evolutionary-participatory plant breeding the unit of selection becomes the individual plant rather than a plot, a much higher selection intensity is possible, thus increasing even further the efficiency.


Keywords: Biodiversity, Climate change, Efficiency, Evolutionary plant breeding, Genetic gains, Genomic selection, Genotype x environment interaction, Human health, Participation, Response to selection, Seed.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59559709 and j.to_ip >=59559709 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496853 and j.to_date >= 1740496853 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10487) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59559709 and j.to_ip >=59559709 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496853 and j.to_date >= 1740496853 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10487) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59559709 and j.to_ip >=59559709 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496853 and j.to_date >= 1740496853 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10487)
      800μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2235 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740496853 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740496853 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.52msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2235
      • 3: 1740496853
      • 4: 1740496853
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='b544f14359f1fa4c00604567c219346f'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        ZuH7mTukPuJAvd2jp2eitztala8zodGIE2Tj3Lg7
        uc_cart_id
        b544f14359f1fa4c00604567c219346f
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10487" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10487
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ild6Wkh5UmRMcTdRYnZFbjgzMlgwdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ3dDTzM1eCtHZDE4Wi8xNHI4a3VETmc0UWVqd215SUhwbkQxaHNIVEJUdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJiOTYxYTIwNTk0MWZlMTM1NTIxNGE4ZDkzYTQ0ZmZhZWVlYTdiMjQ2NzRkYjI1NTM1ZDA0YWMzZmU2M2RjZDE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ild6Wkh5UmRMcTdRYnZFbjgzMlgwdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ3dDTzM1eCtHZDE4Wi8xNHI4a3VETmc0UWVqd215SUhwbkQxaHNIVEJUdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJiOTYxYTIwNTk0MWZl" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:20:53 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdjY1RSN0dMeTJSTk5mVkIrN0ZJN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXRGeUN0Q3pqeW1TUzJYQlg1cTRaeGZtbWJtNTdzcUVjTlhTbkJSbGptekY5K1YzUisxbUZqRVpXd3REZGZJRXpKb28xb3gxN1pYaFBMSWpVdEtKbVl2d0pONjFEbzJkd2dDY00yU3JoY3ZJRDNCZERnSXc0Z0hiRURFeDlMZnIiLCJtYWMiOiI0MDI2MDcyOTBkYjVhMjFkNTg1YTEwNzY4YzU2Yzc0ZDJhOTZlYjBkNDA3ZGViYTE3YzE4MmQzZDJhNjdiMjg2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:20:53 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdjY1RSN0dMeTJSTk5mVkIrN0ZJN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXRGeUN0Q3pqeW1TUzJYQlg1cTRaeGZtbWJtNTdzcUVjTlhTbkJSbGptekY5K1YzUisxbUZqRVpXd3REZGZJRXpKb28xb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZlZEtieGtiUzA1NTFQZWYxODdvYkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUGc3T1hJR25YSTBWMTRZdnFBdytPQTZpR1FWMlhqaCtRM2NXU3poaGgyaWRPMW56N25MS1plaUxTY1BCOUhNN080OWEvWjhvQ0s1cGdPYVZrdFZ5RmpUTy83UjFyNDNhRG1YbGU5K3AxRDJQY21yWVAyRHNnQnlLczE0aTdYK2oiLCJtYWMiOiIwY2JhZjIxYWEzNzc3NGNkOWQ1M2VkMjM2ZmQxMDkyM2QwM2EzZmM0Y2I4NmNiZGEwYTUxZjRiOWQwYmMwYTg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZlZEtieGtiUzA1NTFQZWYxODdvYkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUGc3T1hJR25YSTBWMTRZdnFBdytPQTZpR1FWMlhqaCtRM2NXU3poaGgyaWRPMW56N25MS1plaUx" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdjY1RSN0dMeTJSTk5mVkIrN0ZJN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXRGeUN0Q3pqeW1TUzJYQlg1cTRaeGZtbWJtNTdzcUVjTlhTbkJSbGptekY5K1YzUisxbUZqRVpXd3REZGZJRXpKb28xb3gxN1pYaFBMSWpVdEtKbVl2d0pONjFEbzJkd2dDY00yU3JoY3ZJRDNCZERnSXc0Z0hiRURFeDlMZnIiLCJtYWMiOiI0MDI2MDcyOTBkYjVhMjFkNTg1YTEwNzY4YzU2Yzc0ZDJhOTZlYjBkNDA3ZGViYTE3YzE4MmQzZDJhNjdiMjg2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:20:53 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdjY1RSN0dMeTJSTk5mVkIrN0ZJN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidXRGeUN0Q3pqeW1TUzJYQlg1cTRaeGZtbWJtNTdzcUVjTlhTbkJSbGptekY5K1YzUisxbUZqRVpXd3REZGZJRXpKb28xb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZlZEtieGtiUzA1NTFQZWYxODdvYkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUGc3T1hJR25YSTBWMTRZdnFBdytPQTZpR1FWMlhqaCtRM2NXU3poaGgyaWRPMW56N25MS1plaUxTY1BCOUhNN080OWEvWjhvQ0s1cGdPYVZrdFZ5RmpUTy83UjFyNDNhRG1YbGU5K3AxRDJQY21yWVAyRHNnQnlLczE0aTdYK2oiLCJtYWMiOiIwY2JhZjIxYWEzNzc3NGNkOWQ1M2VkMjM2ZmQxMDkyM2QwM2EzZmM0Y2I4NmNiZGEwYTUxZjRiOWQwYmMwYTg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InZlZEtieGtiUzA1NTFQZWYxODdvYkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUGc3T1hJR25YSTBWMTRZdnFBdytPQTZpR1FWMlhqaCtRM2NXU3poaGgyaWRPMW56N25MS1plaUx" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "ZuH7mTukPuJAvd2jp2eitztala8zodGIE2Tj3Lg7" "uc_cart_id" => "b544f14359f1fa4c00604567c219346f" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10487" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:20:53GET/chapter/104871121913