摘要
在过去的十年中,基于小分子有机染料的自组装荧光纳米材料在成像和传感应用中越来越受欢迎。这主要是由于它们具有将小分子有机荧光团的光谱特性可调性和生物相容性与无机材料的亮度,化学和胶体稳定性相结合的能力。这种独特的功能组合带来了染料基纳米材料的丰富多功能性:从小分子的聚集体到涉及超支化聚合物的复杂核壳纳米体系结构。随着对新材料及其合成方法的不断发现,继续系统研究调节荧光纳米材料关键特性的基本因素非常重要:它们的尺寸,多分散性,胶体稳定性,化学稳定性,吸收和发射最大值,生物相容性以及与生物界面的相互作用。在这篇综述中,我们集中于各种有机荧光纳米材料的系统描述,其合成方法以及优化和控制其特性的方法。讨论建立在有关此类材料的设计和应用的最新进展的报告中的示例上。通过该分析得出的结论为生物医学及相关应用的荧光纳米材料设计的未来发展提供了前景。
关键词: 有机荧光团,分子设计,结构-性质关系,纳米材料合成,胶体稳定性,光谱性质,超分子组装,聚合物聚集体。
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