Abstract
Background: Green electrochemical sensor (an in-situ plated bismuth film glassy carbon electrode) was used for the first time in combination with adsorptive striping voltammetry to elaborate the novel, simple, cheap and sensitive alternative analytical procedure for determination of rutin.
Methods and Results: In this paper, the electrochemical procedure for the determination of rutin using a square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry and a bismuth film modified glassy carbon electrode was developed. Rutin provided a well-defined, single oxidation peak at +0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the solution containing 0.025 mol L-1 of acetate buffer (pH = 4.0 ± 0.1), 5.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 Bi(NO3)3. Under optimum conditions, the obtained results showed a linear calibration graph of the peak current (Ip) versus rutin concertation in the range of 1.0 × 10-10 to 1.0 × 10-8 mol L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969. The determined detection limit was 2.2 × 10-11 mol L-1 for the accumulation time of 60 s. The sensor prepared in situ was successfully applied to the determination of rutin content in the tablets without previous separation.
Conclusion: In this paper, significant progress has been made in the development of suitable electrochemical procedure for rutin determination in comparison to our previous paper as well as other works described in the literature, due to the application of bismuth film electrode.
Keywords: Bismuth film, glassy, carbon electrode, stripping analysis, rutin, determination, pharmaceutical formulation.
Graphical Abstract
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