Review Article

饮食和污染物:促使肥胖病流行吗?

卷 26, 期 19, 2019

页: [3471 - 3482] 页: 12

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867324666170518095736

价格: $65

摘要

尽管有针对饮食习惯和生活方式的专门政策,但肥胖病的流行趋势没有逆转趋势,并且在全球范围内蔓延,但效果似乎不大。遗传因素仅部分解释了这种上升,而环境因素似乎起着关键作用,主要是通过表观遗传机制与基因-环境相互作用。许多动物和人类研究都指出,母体饮食,肠道菌群和化学物质会与食物一起作为污染物引入,所有这些因素均会增加肥胖的风险。广泛扩散的有毒物质(主要是BPA,邻苯二甲酸盐,农药)能够促进儿童和成人肥胖,主要是通过将多能干基质干细胞与成熟脂肪细胞联系起来的分化途径,调节表观遗传因子并影响一系列最终导致改变的机制而实现的。饮食习惯,增加脂肪细胞形成和脂肪储存。此外,脂肪组织是几种化学物质(主要是POPs)的重要目标,这些化学物质对代谢健康构成威胁。总之,除了个体过多的能量摄入和生活方式不足之外,其他广泛传播和可改变的因素(主要是食物中摄入有毒化学物质)似乎在肥胖的流行病学快速增长中也起着关键作用,还考虑了风险和风险的跨代传播。早期因暴露而导致肥胖的晚期发展。需要进行进一步的研究,以更好地评估有毒食物污染物的累积影响与饮食和生活方式的改变之间的相互作用,并验证对所有这些因素起作用并有可能扭转肥胖病持续上升的一级预防策略的有效性。

关键词: 破坏内分泌的化学物质,持久性有机污染物,肥胖,表观基因组,农药,食物污染。

[1]
World Health Organization.. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet n.311; WHO: Geneva, 2015.
[2]
Ogden, C.L.; Carroll, M.D.; Fryar, C.D.; Flegal, K.M. Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2011-2014. NCHS Data Brief, 2015, (219), 1-8.
[PMID: 26633046]
[3]
OECD. Obesity Update 2014. Paris, France: OECD Directorate dor Employement Labour and Social Affairs, 2014.
[4]
Stephens, S.K.; Cobiac, L.J.; Veerman, J.L. Improving diet and physical activity to reduce population prevalence of overweight and obesity: an overview of current evidence. Prev. Med., 2014, 62, 167-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.008] [PMID: 24534460]
[5]
Locke, A.E.; Kahali, B.; Berndt, S.I.; Justice, A.E.; Pers, T.H.; Day, F.R.; Powell, C.; Vedantam, S.; Buchkovich, M.L.; Yang, J.; Croteau-Chonka, D.C.; Esko, T.; Fall, T.; Ferreira, T.; Gustafsson, S.; Kutalik, Z.; Luan, J.; Mägi, R.; Randall, J.C.; Winkler, T.W.; Wood, A.R.; Workalemahu, T.; Faul, J.D.; Smith, J.A.; Zhao, J.H.; Zhao, W.; Chen, J.; Fehrmann, R.; Hedman, Å.K.; Karjalainen, J.; Schmidt, E.M.; Absher, D.; Amin, N.; Anderson, D.; Beekman, M.; Bolton, J.L.; Bragg-Gresham, J.L.; Buyske, S.; Demirkan, A.; Deng, G.; Ehret, G.B.; Feenstra, B.; Feitosa, M.F.; Fischer, K.; Goel, A.; Gong, J.; Jackson, A.U.; Kanoni, S.; Kleber, M.E.; Kristiansson, K.; Lim, U.; Lotay, V.; Mangino, M.; Leach, I.M.; Medina-Gomez, C.; Medland, S.E.; Nalls, M.A.; Palmer, C.D.; Pasko, D.; Pechlivanis, S.; Peters, M.J.; Prokopenko, I.; Shungin, D.; Stančáková, A.; Strawbridge, R.J.; Sung, Y.J.; Tanaka, T.; Teumer, A.; Trompet, S.; van der Laan, S.W.; van Setten, J.; Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V.; Wang, Z.; Yengo, L.; Zhang, W.; Isaacs, A.; Albrecht, E.; Ärnlöv, J.; Arscott, G.M.; Attwood, A.P.; Bandinelli, S.; Barrett, A.; Bas, I.N.; Bellis, C.; Bennett, A.J.; Berne, C.; Blagieva, R.; Blüher, M.; Böhringer, S.; Bonnycastle, L.L.; Böttcher, Y.; Boyd, H.A.; Bruinenberg, M.; Caspersen, I.H.; Chen, Y.I.; Clarke, R.; Daw, E.W.; de Craen, A.J.M.; Delgado, G.; Dimitriou, M.; Doney, A.S.F.; Eklund, N.; Estrada, K.; Eury, E.; Folkersen, L.; Fraser, R.M.; Garcia, M.E.; Geller, F.; Giedraitis, V.; Gigante, B.; Go, A.S.; Golay, A.; Goodall, A.H.; Gordon, S.D.; Gorski, M.; Grabe, H.J.; Grallert, H.; Grammer, T.B.; Gräßler, J.; Grönberg, H.; Groves, C.J.; Gusto, G.; Haessler, J.; Hall, P.; Haller, T.; Hallmans, G.; Hartman, C.A.; Hassinen, M.; Hayward, C.; Heard-Costa, N.L.; Helmer, Q.; Hengstenberg, C.; Holmen, O.; Hottenga, J.J.; James, A.L.; Jeff, J.M.; Johansson, Å.; Jolley, J.; Juliusdottir, T.; Kinnunen, L.; Koenig, W.; Koskenvuo, M.; Kratzer, W.; Laitinen, J.; Lamina, C.; Leander, K.; Lee, N.R.; Lichtner, P.; Lind, L.; Lindström, J.; Lo, K.S.; Lobbens, S.; Lorbeer, R.; Lu, Y.; Mach, F.; Magnusson, P.K.E.; Mahajan, A.; McArdle, W.L.; McLachlan, S.; Menni, C.; Merger, S.; Mihailov, E.; Milani, L.; Moayyeri, A.; Monda, K.L.; Morken, M.A.; Mulas, A.; Müller, G.; Müller-Nurasyid, M.; Musk, A.W.; Nagaraja, R.; Nöthen, M.M.; Nolte, I.M.; Pilz, S.; Rayner, N.W.; Renstrom, F.; Rettig, R.; Ried, J.S.; Ripke, S.; Robertson, N.R.; Rose, L.M.; Sanna, S.; Scharnagl, H.; Scholtens, S.; Schumacher, F.R.; Scott, W.R.; Seufferlein, T.; Shi, J.; Smith, A.V.; Smolonska, J.; Stanton, A.V.; Steinthorsdottir, V.; Stirrups, K.; Stringham, H.M.; Sundström, J.; Swertz, M.A.; Swift, A.J.; Syvänen, A.C.; Tan, S.T.; Tayo, B.O.; Thorand, B.; Thorleifsson, G.; Tyrer, J.P.; Uh, H.W.; Vandenput, L.; Verhulst, F.C.; Vermeulen, S.H.; Verweij, N.; Vonk, J.M.; Waite, L.L.; Warren, H.R.; Waterworth, D.; Weedon, M.N.; Wilkens, L.R.; Willenborg, C.; Wilsgaard, T.; Wojczynski, M.K.; Wong, A.; Wright, A.F.; Zhang, Q.; Brennan, E.P.; Choi, M.; Dastani, Z.; Drong, A.W.; Eriksson, P.; Franco-Cereceda, A.; Gådin, J.R.; Gharavi, A.G.; Goddard, M.E.; Handsaker, R.E.; Huang, J.; Karpe, F.; Kathiresan, S.; Keildson, S.; Kiryluk, K.; Kubo, M.; Lee, J.Y.; Liang, L.; Lifton, R.P.; Ma, B.; McCarroll, S.A.; McKnight, A.J.; Min, J.L.; Moffatt, M.F.; Montgomery, G.W.; Murabito, J.M.; Nicholson, G.; Nyholt, D.R.; Okada, Y.; Perry, J.R.B.; Dorajoo, R.; Reinmaa, E.; Salem, R.M.; Sandholm, N.; Scott, R.A.; Stolk, L.; Takahashi, A.; Tanaka, T.; van ’t Hooft, F.M.; Vinkhuyzen, A.A.E.; Westra, H.J.; Zheng, W.; Zondervan, K.T.; Heath, A.C.; Arveiler, D.; Bakker, S.J.L.; Beilby, J.; Bergman, R.N.; Blangero, J.; Bovet, P.; Campbell, H.; Caulfield, M.J.; Cesana, G.; Chakravarti, A.; Chasman, D.I.; Chines, P.S.; Collins, F.S.; Crawford, D.C.; Cupples, L.A.; Cusi, D.; Danesh, J.; de Faire, U.; den Ruijter, H.M.; Dominiczak, A.F.; Erbel, R.; Erdmann, J.; Eriksson, J.G.; Farrall, M.; Felix, S.B.; Ferrannini, E.; Ferrières, J.; Ford, I.; Forouhi, N.G.; Forrester, T.; Franco, O.H.; Gansevoort, R.T.; Gejman, P.V.; Gieger, C.; Gottesman, O.; Gudnason, V.; Gyllensten, U.; Hall, A.S.; Harris, T.B.; Hattersley, A.T.; Hicks, A.A.; Hindorff, L.A.; Hingorani, A.D.; Hofman, A.; Homuth, G.; Hovingh, G.K.; Humphries, S.E.; Hunt, S.C.; Hyppönen, E.; Illig, T.; Jacobs, K.B.; Jarvelin, M.R.; Jöckel, K.H.; Johansen, B.; Jousilahti, P.; Jukema, J.W.; Jula, A.M.; Kaprio, J.; Kastelein, J.J.P.; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S.M.; Kiemeney, L.A.; Knekt, P.; Kooner, J.S.; Kooperberg, C.; Kovacs, P.; Kraja, A.T.; Kumari, M.; Kuusisto, J.; Lakka, T.A.; Langenberg, C.; Marchand, L.L.; Lehtimäki, T.; Lyssenko, V.; Männistö, S.; Marette, A.; Matise, T.C.; McKenzie, C.A.; McKnight, B.; Moll, F.L.; Morris, A.D.; Morris, A.P.; Murray, J.C.; Nelis, M.; Ohlsson, C.; Oldehinkel, A.J.; Ong, K.K.; Madden, P.A.F.; Pasterkamp, G.; Peden, J.F.; Peters, A.; Postma, D.S.; Pramstaller, P.P.; Price, J.F.; Qi, L.; Raitakari, O.T.; Rankinen, T.; Rao, D.C.; Rice, T.K.; Ridker, P.M.; Rioux, J.D.; Ritchie, M.D.; Rudan, I.; Salomaa, V.; Samani, N.J.; Saramies, J.; Sarzynski, M.A.; Schunkert, H.; Schwarz, P.E.H.; Sever, P.; Shuldiner, A.R.; Sinisalo, J.; Stolk, R.P.; Strauch, K.; Tönjes, A.; Trégouët, D.A.; Tremblay, A.; Tremoli, E.; Virtamo, J.; Vohl, M.C.; Völker, U.; Waeber, G.; Willemsen, G.; Witteman, J.C.; Zillikens, M.C.; Adair, L.S.; Amouyel, P.; Asselbergs, F.W.; Assimes, T.L.; Bochud, M.; Boehm, B.O.; Boerwinkle, E.; Bornstein, S.R.; Bottinger, E.P.; Bouchard, C.; Cauchi, S.; Chambers, J.C.; Chanock, S.J.; Cooper, R.S.; de Bakker, P.I.W.; Dedoussis, G.; Ferrucci, L.; Franks, P.W.; Froguel, P.; Groop, L.C.; Haiman, C.A.; Hamsten, A.; Hui, J.; Hunter, D.J.; Hveem, K.; Kaplan, R.C.; Kivimaki, M.; Kuh, D.; Laakso, M.; Liu, Y.; Martin, N.G.; März, W.; Melbye, M.; Metspalu, A.; Moebus, S.; Munroe, P.B.; Njølstad, I.; Oostra, B.A.; Palmer, C.N.A.; Pedersen, N.L.; Perola, M.; Pérusse, L.; Peters, U.; Power, C.; Quertermous, T.; Rauramaa, R.; Rivadeneira, F.; Saaristo, T.E.; Saleheen, D.; Sattar, N.; Schadt, E.E.; Schlessinger, D.; Slagboom, P.E.; Snieder, H.; Spector, T.D.; Thorsteinsdottir, U.; Stumvoll, M.; Tuomilehto, J.; Uitterlinden, A.G.; Uusitupa, M.; van der Harst, P.; Walker, M.; Wallaschofski, H.; Wareham, N.J.; Watkins, H.; Weir, D.R.; Wichmann, H.E.; Wilson, J.F.; Zanen, P.; Borecki, I.B.; Deloukas, P.; Fox, C.S.; Heid, I.M.; O’Connell, J.R.; Strachan, D.P.; Stefansson, K.; van Duijn, C.M.; Abecasis, G.R.; Franke, L.; Frayling, T.M.; McCarthy, M.I.; Visscher, P.M.; Scherag, A.; Willer, C.J.; Boehnke, M.; Mohlke, K.L.; Lindgren, C.M.; Beckmann, J.S.; Barroso, I.; North, K.E.; Ingelsson, E.; Hirschhorn, J.N.; Loos, R.J.F.; Speliotes, E.K. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. Nature, 2015, 518(7538), 197-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14177] [PMID: 25673413]
[6]
Lu, Y.; Day, F.R.; Gustafsson, S.; Buchkovich, M.L.; Na, J.; Bataille, V.; Cousminer, D.L.; Dastani, Z.; Drong, A.W.; Esko, T.; Evans, D.M.; Falchi, M.; Feitosa, M.F.; Ferreira, T.; Hedman, Å.K.; Haring, R.; Hysi, P.G.; Iles, M.M.; Justice, A.E.; Kanoni, S.; Lagou, V.; Li, R.; Li, X.; Locke, A.; Lu, C.; Mägi, R.; Perry, J.R.; Pers, T.H.; Qi, Q.; Sanna, M.; Schmidt, E.M.; Scott, W.R.; Shungin, D.; Teumer, A.; Vinkhuyzen, A.A.; Walker, R.W.; Westra, H.J.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, W.; Zhao, J.H.; Zhu, Z.; Afzal, U.; Ahluwalia, T.S.; Bakker, S.J.; Bellis, C.; Bonnefond, A.; Borodulin, K.; Buchman, A.S.; Cederholm, T.; Choh, A.C.; Choi, H.J.; Curran, J.E.; de Groot, L.C.; De Jager, P.L.; Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A.; Enneman, A.W.; Eury, E.; Evans, D.S.; Forsen, T.; Friedrich, N.; Fumeron, F.; Garcia, M.E.; Gärtner, S.; Han, B.G.; Havulinna, A.S.; Hayward, C.; Hernandez, D.; Hillege, H.; Ittermann, T.; Kent, J.W.; Kolcic, I.; Laatikainen, T.; Lahti, J.; Mateo Leach, I.; Lee, C.G.; Lee, J.Y.; Liu, T.; Liu, Y.; Lobbens, S.; Loh, M.; Lyytikäinen, L.P.; Medina-Gomez, C.; Michaëlsson, K.; Nalls, M.A.; Nielson, C.M.; Oozageer, L.; Pascoe, L.; Paternoster, L.; Polašek, O.; Ripatti, S.; Sarzynski, M.A.; Shin, C.S.; Narančić, N.S.; Spira, D.; Srikanth, P.; Steinhagen-Thiessen, E.; Sung, Y.J.; Swart, K.M.; Taittonen, L.; Tanaka, T.; Tikkanen, E.; van der Velde, N.; van Schoor, N.M.; Verweij, N.; Wright, A.F.; Yu, L.; Zmuda, J.M.; Eklund, N.; Forrester, T.; Grarup, N.; Jackson, A.U.; Kristiansson, K.; Kuulasmaa, T.; Kuusisto, J.; Lichtner, P.; Luan, J.; Mahajan, A.; Männistö, S.; Palmer, C.D.; Ried, J.S.; Scott, R.A.; Stancáková, A.; Wagner, P.J.; Demirkan, A.; Döring, A.; Gudnason, V.; Kiel, D.P.; Kühnel, B.; Mangino, M.; Mcknight, B.; Menni, C.; O’Connell, J.R.; Oostra, B.A.; Shuldiner, A.R.; Song, K.; Vandenput, L.; van Duijn, C.M.; Vollenweider, P.; White, C.C.; Boehnke, M.; Boettcher, Y.; Cooper, R.S.; Forouhi, N.G.; Gieger, C.; Grallert, H.; Hingorani, A.; Jørgensen, T.; Jousilahti, P.; Kivimaki, M.; Kumari, M.; Laakso, M.; Langenberg, C.; Linneberg, A.; Luke, A.; Mckenzie, C.A.; Palotie, A.; Pedersen, O.; Peters, A.; Strauch, K.; Tayo, B.O.; Wareham, N.J.; Bennett, D.A.; Bertram, L.; Blangero, J.; Blüher, M.; Bouchard, C.; Campbell, H.; Cho, N.H.; Cummings, S.R.; Czerwinski, S.A.; Demuth, I.; Eckardt, R.; Eriksson, J.G.; Ferrucci, L.; Franco, O.H.; Froguel, P.; Gansevoort, R.T.; Hansen, T.; Harris, T.B.; Hastie, N.; Heliövaara, M.; Hofman, A.; Jordan, J.M.; Jula, A.; Kähönen, M.; Kajantie, E.; Knekt, P.B.; Koskinen, S.; Kovacs, P.; Lehtimäki, T.; Lind, L.; Liu, Y.; Orwoll, E.S.; Osmond, C.; Perola, M.; Pérusse, L.; Raitakari, O.T.; Rankinen, T.; Rao, D.C.; Rice, T.K.; Rivadeneira, F.; Rudan, I.; Salomaa, V.; Sørensen, T.I.; Stumvoll, M.; Tönjes, A.; Towne, B.; Tranah, G.J.; Tremblay, A.; Uitterlinden, A.G.; van der Harst, P.; Vartiainen, E.; Viikari, J.S.; Vitart, V.; Vohl, M.C.; Völzke, H.; Walker, M.; Wallaschofski, H.; Wild, S.; Wilson, J.F.; Yengo, L.; Bishop, D.T.; Borecki, I.B.; Chambers, J.C.; Cupples, L.A.; Dehghan, A.; Deloukas, P.; Fatemifar, G.; Fox, C.; Furey, T.S.; Franke, L.; Han, J.; Hunter, D.J.; Karjalainen, J.; Karpe, F.; Kaplan, R.C.; Kooner, J.S.; McCarthy, M.I.; Murabito, J.M.; Morris, A.P.; Bishop, J.A.; North, K.E.; Ohlsson, C.; Ong, K.K.; Prokopenko, I.; Richards, J.B.; Schadt, E.E.; Spector, T.D.; Widén, E.; Willer, C.J.; Yang, J.; Ingelsson, E.; Mohlke, K.L.; Hirschhorn, J.N.; Pospisilik, J.A.; Zillikens, M.C.; Lindgren, C.; Kilpeläinen, T.O.; Loos, R.J. New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nat. Commun., 2016, 7, 10495.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10495] [PMID: 26833246]
[7]
Demerath, E.W.; Choh, A.C.; Johnson, W.; Curran, J.E.; Lee, M.; Bellis, C.; Dyer, T.D.; Czerwinski, S.A.; Blangero, J.; Towne, B. The positive association of obesity variants with adulthood adiposity strengthens over an 80-year period: a gene-by-birth year interaction. Hum. Hered., 2013, 75(2-4), 175-185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000351742] [PMID: 24081233]
[8]
Kilpeläinen, T.O.; Qi, L.; Brage, S.; Sharp, S.J.; Sonestedt, E.; Demerath, E.; Ahmad, T.; Mora, S.; Kaakinen, M.; Sandholt, C.H.; Holzapfel, C.; Autenrieth, C.S.; Hyppönen, E.; Cauchi, S.; He, M.; Kutalik, Z.; Kumari, M.; Stančáková, A.; Meidtner, K.; Balkau, B.; Tan, J.T.; Mangino, M.; Timpson, N.J.; Song, Y.; Zillikens, M.C.; Jablonski, K.A.; Garcia, M.E.; Johansson, S.; Bragg-Gresham, J.L.; Wu, Y.; van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V.; Onland-Moret, N.C.; Zimmermann, E.; Rivera, N.V.; Tanaka, T.; Stringham, H.M.; Silbernagel, G.; Kanoni, S.; Feitosa, M.F.; Snitker, S.; Ruiz, J.R.; Metter, J.; Larrad, M.T.; Atalay, M.; Hakanen, M.; Amin, N.; Cavalcanti-Proença, C.; Grøntved, A.; Hallmans, G.; Jansson, J.O.; Kuusisto, J.; Kähönen, M.; Lutsey, P.L.; Nolan, J.J.; Palla, L.; Pedersen, O.; Pérusse, L.; Renström, F.; Scott, R.A.; Shungin, D.; Sovio, U.; Tammelin, T.H.; Rönnemaa, T.; Lakka, T.A.; Uusitupa, M.; Rios, M.S.; Ferrucci, L.; Bouchard, C.; Meirhaeghe, A.; Fu, M.; Walker, M.; Borecki, I.B.; Dedoussis, G.V.; Fritsche, A.; Ohlsson, C.; Boehnke, M.; Bandinelli, S.; van Duijn, C.M.; Ebrahim, S.; Lawlor, D.A.; Gudnason, V.; Harris, T.B.; Sørensen, T.I.; Mohlke, K.L.; Hofman, A.; Uitterlinden, A.G.; Tuomilehto, J.; Lehtimäki, T.; Raitakari, O.; Isomaa, B.; Njølstad, P.R.; Florez, J.C.; Liu, S.; Ness, A.; Spector, T.D.; Tai, E.S.; Froguel, P.; Boeing, H.; Laakso, M.; Marmot, M.; Bergmann, S.; Power, C.; Khaw, K.T.; Chasman, D.; Ridker, P.; Hansen, T.; Monda, K.L.; Illig, T.; Järvelin, M.R.; Wareham, N.J.; Hu, F.B.; Groop, L.C.; Orho-Melander, M.; Ekelund, U.; Franks, P.W.; Loos, R.J. Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: a meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children. PLoS Med., 2011, 8(11)e1001116
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001116] [PMID: 22069379]
[9]
Veerman, J.L. On the futility of screening for genes that make you fat. PLoS Med., 2011, 8(11)e1001114
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001114] [PMID: 22069377]
[10]
Shi, H.; Su, B. Molecular adaptation of modern human populations. Int. J. Evol. Biol., 2010 2011 , 484769
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/484769] [PMID: 21350631]
[11]
Painter, R.C.; Osmond, C.; Gluckman, P.; Hanson, M.; Phillips, D.I.; Roseboom, T.J. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on neonatal adiposity and health in later life. BJOG, 2008, 115(10), 1243-1249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01822.x] [PMID: 18715409]
[12]
Stanner, S.A.; Yudkin, J.S. Fetal programming and the Leningrad Siege Study. Twin Res., 2001, 4, 287-292.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/1369052012498] [PMID: 11913363]
[13]
Ortiz, L.; Nakamura, B.; Li, X.; Blumberg, B.; Luderer, U. In utero exposure to benzo[a]pyrene increases adiposity and causes hepatic steatosis in female mice, and glutathione deficiency is protective. Toxicol. Lett., 2013, 223(2), 260-267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.017] [PMID: 24107266]
[14]
Jerrett, M.; McConnell, R.; Wolch, J.; Chang, R.; Lam, C.; Dunton, G.; Gilliland, F.; Lurmann, F.; Islam, T.; Berhane, K. Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis. Environ. Health, 2014, 13, 49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-49] [PMID: 24913018]
[15]
Bolton, J.L.; Smith, S.H.; Huff, N.C.; Gilmour, M.I.; Foster, W.M.; Auten, R.L.; Bilbo, S.D. Prenatal air pollution exposure induces neuroinflammation and predisposes offspring to weight gain in adulthood in a sex-specific manner. FASEB J., 2012, 26(11), 4743-4754.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-210989] [PMID: 22815382]
[16]
Rundle, A.; Hoepner, L.; Hassoun, A.; Oberfield, S.; Freyer, G.; Holmes, D.; Reyes, M.; Quinn, J.; Camann, D.; Perera, F.; Whyatt, R. Association of childhood obesity with maternal exposure to ambient air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2012, 175(11), 1163-1172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr455] [PMID: 22505764]
[17]
Smink, A.; Ribas-Fito, N.; Garcia, R.; Torrent, M.; Mendez, M.A.; Grimalt, J.O.; Sunyer, J. Exposure to hexachlorobenzene during pregnancy increases the risk of overweight in children aged 6 years. Acta Paediatr., 2008, 97(10), 1465-1469.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00937.x] [PMID: 18665907]
[18]
Thiering, E.; Cyrys, J.; Kratzsch, J.; Meisinger, C.; Hoffmann, B.; Berdel, D.; von Berg, A.; Koletzko, S.; Bauer, C.P.; Heinrich, J. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and insulin resistance in children: results from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(8), 1696-1704.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-2925-x] [PMID: 23666166]
[19]
Thiering, E.; Brüske, I.; Kratzsch, J.; Thiery, J.; Sausenthaler, S.; Meisinger, C.; Koletzko, S.; Bauer, C.P.; Schaaf, B.; von Berg, A.; Berdel, D.; Lehmann, I.; Herbarth, O.; Krämer, U.; Wichmann, H.E.; Heinrich, J. Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and development of insulin resistance in 10 year old children. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 2011, 214(5), 361-368.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.04.004] [PMID: 21570350]
[20]
Kelishadi, R.; Mirghaffari, N.; Poursafa, P.; Gidding, S.S. Lifestyle and environmental factors associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in children. Atherosclerosis, 2009, 203(1), 311-319.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.06.022] [PMID: 18692848]
[21]
Swinburn, B.A.; Sacks, G.; Hall, K.D.; McPherson, K.; Finegood, D.T.; Moodie, M.L.; Gortmaker, S.L. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet, 2011, 378(9793), 804-814.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1] [PMID: 21872749]
[22]
Christensen, B.C.; Marsit, C.J. Epigenomics in environmental health. Front. Genet., 2011, 2, 84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2011.00084] [PMID: 22303378]
[23]
Mazzio, E.A.; Soliman, K.F. Basic concepts of epigenetics: impact of environmental signals on gene expression. Epigenetics, 2012, 7(2), 119-130.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/epi.7.2.18764] [PMID: 22395460]
[24]
Loke, Y.J.; Novakovic, B.; Ollikainen, M.; Wallace, E.M.; Umstad, M.P.; Permezel, M.; Morley, R.; Ponsonby, A-L.; Gordon, L.; Galati, J.C.; Saffery, R.; Craig, J.M. The Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS). Twin Res. Hum. Genet., 2012, 16(1), 1-8.
[25]
Heijmans, B.T.; Tobi, E.W.; Stein, A.D.; Putter, H.; Blauw, G.J.; Susser, E.S.; Slagboom, P.E.; Lumey, L.H. Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105(44), 17046-17049.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806560105] [PMID: 18955703]
[26]
Yajnik, C.S. Transmission of obesity-adiposity and related disorders from the mother to the baby. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 2014, 64(Suppl. 1), 8-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000362608] [PMID: 25059801]
[27]
Di Ciaula, A.; Portincasa, P. Fat, epigenome and pancreatic diseases. Interplay and common pathways from a toxic and obesogenic environment. Eur. J. Intern. Med., 2014, 25(10), 865-873.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.10.012] [PMID: 25457435]
[28]
Ravelli, A.C.; van Der Meulen, J.H.; Osmond, C.; Barker, D.J.; Bleker, O.P. Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 70(5), 811-816.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.5.811] [PMID: 10539740]
[29]
Vafeiadi, M.; Georgiou, V.; Chalkiadaki, G.; Rantakokko, P.; Kiviranta, H.; Karachaliou, M.; Fthenou, E.; Venihaki, M.; Sarri, K.; Vassilaki, M.; Kyrtopoulos, S.A.; Oken, E.; Kogevinas, M.; Chatzi, L. Association of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants with obesity and cardiometabolic traits in early childhood: the rhea mother-child cohort (Crete, Greece). Environ. Health Perspect., 2015, 123(10), 1015-1021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409062] [PMID: 25910281]
[30]
Veenendaal, M.V.; Painter, R.C.; de Rooij, S.R.; Bossuyt, P.M.; van der Post, J.A.; Gluckman, P.D.; Hanson, M.A.; Roseboom, T.J. Transgenerational effects of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine. BJOG, 2013, 120(5), 548-553.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12136] [PMID: 23346894]
[31]
Tobi, E.W.; Goeman, J.J.; Monajemi, R.; Gu, H.; Putter, H.; Zhang, Y.; Slieker, R.C.; Stok, A.P.; Thijssen, P.E.; Müller, F.; van Zwet, E.W.; Bock, C.; Meissner, A.; Lumey, L.H.; Eline Slagboom, P.; Heijmans, B.T. DNA methylation signatures link prenatal famine exposure to growth and metabolism. Nat. Commun., 2014, 5, 5592.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6592] [PMID: 25424739]
[32]
Tobi, E.W.; Slieker, R.C.; Stein, A.D.; Suchiman, H.E.; Slagboom, P.E.; van Zwet, E.W.; Heijmans, B.T.; Lumey, L.H. Early gestation as the critical time-window for changes in the prenatal environment to affect the adult human blood methylome. Int. J. Epidemiol., 2015, 44(4), 1211-1223.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv043] [PMID: 25944819]
[33]
Aslibekyan, S.; Demerath, E.W.; Mendelson, M.; Zhi, D.; Guan, W.; Liang, L.; Sha, J.; Pankow, J.S.; Liu, C.; Irvin, M.R.; Fornage, M.; Hidalgo, B.; Lin, L.A.; Thibeault, K.S.; Bressler, J.; Tsai, M.Y.; Grove, M.L.; Hopkins, P.N.; Boerwinkle, E.; Borecki, I.B.; Ordovas, J.M.; Levy, D.; Tiwari, H.K.; Absher, D.M.; Arnett, D.K. Epigenome-wide study identifies novel methylation loci associated with body mass index and waist circumference. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2015, 23(7), 1493-1501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21111] [PMID: 26110892]
[34]
Pietiläinen, K.H.; Ismail, K.; Järvinen, E.; Heinonen, S.; Tummers, M.; Bollepalli, S.; Lyle, R.; Muniandy, M.; Moilanen, E.; Hakkarainen, A.; Lundbom, J.; Lundbom, N.; Rissanen, A.; Kaprio, J.; Ollikainen, M. DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in adipose tissue differ significantly within young adult monozygotic BMI-discordant twin pairs. Int. J. Obes., 2016, 40(4), 654-661.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.221] [PMID: 26499446]
[35]
Kasubuchi, M.; Hasegawa, S.; Hiramatsu, T.; Ichimura, A.; Kimura, I. Dietary gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and host metabolic regulation. Nutrients, 2015, 7(4), 2839-2849.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7042839] [PMID: 25875123]
[36]
Kumar, H.; Lund, R.; Laiho, A.; Lundelin, K.; Ley, R.E.; Isolauri, E.; Salminen, S. Gut microbiota as an epigenetic regulator: pilot study based on whole-genome methylation analysis. MBio, 2014, 5(6), e02113-e02114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02113-14] [PMID: 25516615]
[37]
Joly Condette, C.; Bach, V.; Mayeur, C.; Gay-Quéheillard, J.; Khorsi-Cauet, H. Chlorpyrifos exposure during perinatal period affects intestinal microbiota associated with delay of maturation of digestive tract in rats. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 2015, 61(1), 30-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/[DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000734] [PMID: 25643018]
[38]
Joly, C.; Gay-Quéheillard, J.; Léké, A.; Chardon, K.; Delanaud, S.; Bach, V.; Khorsi-Cauet, H. Impact of chronic exposure to low doses of chlorpyrifos on the intestinal microbiota in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) and in the rat. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 2013, 20(5), 2726-2734.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1283-4] [PMID: 23135753]
[39]
Zhang, H.; DiBaise, J.K.; Zuccolo, A.; Kudrna, D.; Braidotti, M.; Yu, Y.; Parameswaran, P.; Crowell, M.D.; Wing, R.; Rittmann, B.E.; Krajmalnik-Brown, R. Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106(7), 2365-2370.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812600106] [PMID: 19164560]
[40]
Lee, H.S.; Lee, J.C.; Lee, I.K.; Moon, H.B.; Chang, Y.S.; Jacobs, D.R., Jr; Lee, D.H. Associations among organochlorine pesticides, Methanobacteriales, and obesity in Korean women. PLoS One, 2011, 6(11)e27773
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027773] [PMID: 22114690]
[41]
Thayer, K.A.; Heindel, J.J.; Bucher, J.R.; Gallo, M.A. Role of environmental chemicals in diabetes and obesity: A National Toxicology Program workshop review. Environ. Health Perspect., 2012, 120(6), 779-789.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104597] [PMID: 22296744]
[42]
Gore, A.C.; Chappell, V.A.; Fenton, S.E.; Flaws, J.A.; Nadal, A.; Prins, G.S.; Toppari, J.; Zoeller, R.T. Executive Summary to EDC-2: The Endocrine Society’s Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr. Rev., 2015, 36(6), 593-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2015-1093] [PMID: 26414233]
[43]
Janesick, A.S.; Blumberg, B. Obesogens: an emerging threat to public health. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2016, 214(5), 559-565.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.182] [PMID: 26829510]
[44]
Biemann, R.; Fischer, B.; Navarrete Santos, A. Adipogenic effects of a combination of the endocrine-disrupting compounds bisphenol A, diethylhexylphthalate, and tributyltin. Obes. Facts, 2014, 7(1), 48-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358913] [PMID: 24503497]
[45]
Watt, J.; Schlezinger, J.J. Structurally-diverse, PPARγ-activating environmental toxicants induce adipogenesis and suppress osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Toxicology, 2015, 331, 66-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2015.03.006] [PMID: 25777084]
[46]
Janesick, A.; Blumberg, B. Minireview: PPARγ as the target of obesogens. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2011, 127(1-2), 4-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.01.005] [PMID: 21251979]
[47]
Janesick, A.; Blumberg, B. Obesogens, stem cells and the developmental programming of obesity. Int. J. Androl., 2012, 35(3), 437-448.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01247.x] [PMID: 22372658]
[48]
Stel, J.; Legler, J. The role of epigenetics in the latent effects of early life exposure to obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals. Endocrinology, 2015, 156(10), 3466-3472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1434] [PMID: 26241072]
[49]
Rajesh, P.; Balasubramanian, K. Phthalate exposure in utero causes epigenetic changes and impairs insulin signalling. J. Endocrinol., 2014, 223(1), 47-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0111] [PMID: 25232145]
[50]
Tabb, M.M.; Blumberg, B. New modes of action for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Mol. Endocrinol., 2006, 20(3), 475-482.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0513] [PMID: 16037129]
[51]
Blumberg, B. Obesogens, stem cells and the maternal programming of obesity. J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis., 2011, 2(1), 3-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2040174410000589] [PMID: 26401242]
[52]
Janesick, A.; Blumberg, B. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and the developmental programming of adipogenesis and obesity. Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today, 2011, 93(1), 34-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.20197] [PMID: 21425440]
[53]
Trasande, L.; Zoeller, R.T.; Hass, U.; Kortenkamp, A.; Grandjean, P.; Myers, J.P.; DiGangi, J.; Bellanger, M.; Hauser, R.; Legler, J.; Skakkebaek, N.E.; Heindel, J.J. Estimating burden and disease costs of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the European union. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2015, 100(4), 1245-1255.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-4324] [PMID: 25742516]
[54]
Fenichel, P.; Chevalier, N.; Brucker-Davis, F. Bisphenol A: an endocrine and metabolic disruptor. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris), 2013, 74(3), 211-220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2013.04.002] [PMID: 23796010]
[55]
Trasande, L. Further limiting bisphenol a in food uses could provide health and economic benefits. Health Aff. (Millwood), 2014, 33(2), 316-323.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0686] [PMID: 24452104]
[56]
Li, D.K.; Miao, M.; Zhou, Z.; Wu, C.; Shi, H.; Liu, X.; Wang, S.; Yuan, W. Urine bisphenol-A level in relation to obesity and overweight in school-age children. PLoS One, 2013, 8(6)e65399
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065399] [PMID: 23776476]
[57]
Bhandari, R.; Xiao, J.; Shankar, A. Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in U.S. children. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2013, 177(11), 1263-1270.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws391] [PMID: 23558351]
[58]
Braun, J.M.; Lanphear, B.P.; Calafat, A.M.; Deria, S.; Khoury, J.; Howe, C.J.; Venners, S.A. Early-life bisphenol a exposure and child body mass index: a prospective cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect., 2014, 122(11), 1239-1245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408258] [PMID: 25073184]
[59]
Song, Y.; Hauser, R.; Hu, F.B.; Franke, A.A.; Liu, S.; Sun, Q. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites and weight change: a prospective investigation in US women. Int. J. Obes., 2014, 38(12), 1532-1537.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2014.63] [PMID: 24722546]
[60]
Shankar, A.; Teppala, S.; Sabanayagam, C. Urinary bisphenol a levels and measures of obesity: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2008. ISRN Endocrinol., 2012, 2012965243
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/965243] [PMID: 22852093]
[61]
Ko, A.; Hwang, M.S.; Park, J.H.; Kang, H.S.; Lee, H.S.; Hong, J.H. Association between Urinary Bisphenol A and Waist Circumference in Korean Adults. Toxicol. Res., 2014, 30(1), 39-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5487/TR.2014.30.1.039] [PMID: 24795798]
[62]
Rönn, M.; Lind, L.; Örberg, J.; Kullberg, J.; Söderberg, S.; Larsson, A.; Johansson, L.; Ahlström, H.; Lind, P.M. Bisphenol A is related to circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin, but not to fat mass or fat distribution in humans. Chemosphere, 2014, 112, 42-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.042] [PMID: 25048886]
[63]
Serrano, S.E.; Braun, J.; Trasande, L.; Dills, R.; Sathyanarayana, S. Phthalates and diet: a review of the food monitoring and epidemiology data. Environ. Health, 2014, 13, 43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-43]
[64]
Van Holderbeke, M.; Geerts, L.; Vanermen, G.; Servaes, K.; Sioen, I.; De Henauw, S.; Fierens, T. Determination of contamination pathways of phthalates in food products sold on the Belgian market. Environ. Res., 2014, 134, 345-352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.012] [PMID: 25203818]
[65]
Cirillo, T.; Latini, G.; Castaldi, M.A.; Dipaola, L.; Fasano, E.; Esposito, F.; Scognamiglio, G.; Francesco, F.D.; Cobellis, L. Exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate and bisphenol A through infant formulas. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2015, 63(12), 3303-3310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf505563k] [PMID: 25730646]
[66]
Chatonnet, P.; Boutou, S.; Plana, A. Contamination of wines and spirits by phthalates: types of contaminants present, contamination sources and means of prevention. Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess., 2014, 31(9), 1605-1615.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.941947] [PMID: 25099435]
[67]
Kim, S.H.; Park, M.J. Phthalate exposure and childhood obesity. Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 2014, 19(2), 69-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2014.19.2.69] [PMID: 25077088]
[68]
Buser, M.C.; Murray, H.E.; Scinicariello, F. Age and sex differences in childhood and adulthood obesity association with phthalates: analyses of NHANES 2007-2010. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 2014, 217(6), 687-694.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.005] [PMID: 24657244]
[69]
Lind, P.M.; Roos, V.; Ronn, M.; Johansson, L.; Ahlstrom, H.; Kullberg, J.; Lind, L. Serum concentrations of phthalate metabolites are related to abdominal fat distribution two years later in elderly women. Environ. Health, 2012, 11, 21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-11-21]
[70]
Desvergne, B.; Feige, J.N.; Casals-Casas, C. PPAR-mediated activity of phthalates: a link to the obesity epidemic? Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 2009, 304(1-2), 43-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.017] [PMID: 19433246]
[71]
Grygiel-Górniak, B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: nutritional and clinical implications--a review. Nutr. J., 2014, 13, 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-17] [PMID: 24524207]
[72]
Buckley, J.P.; Engel, S.M.; Braun, J.M.; Whyatt, R.M.; Daniels, J.L.; Mendez, M.A.; Richardson, D.B.; Xu, Y.; Calafat, A.M.; Wolff, M.S.; Lanphear, B.P.; Herring, A.H.; Rundle, A.G. Prenatal phthalate exposures and body mass index among 4- to 7-year-old children: A pooled analysis. Epidemiology, 2016, 27(3), 449-458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000436] [PMID: 26745610]
[73]
Kim, J.H.; Park, H.; Lee, J.; Cho, G.; Choi, S.; Choi, G.; Kim, S.Y.; Eun, S.H.; Suh, E.; Kim, S.K.; Kim, H.J.; Kim, G.H.; Lee, J.J.; Kim, Y.D.; Eom, S.; Kim, S.; Moon, H.B.; Park, J.; Choi, K.; Kim, S.; Kim, S. Association of diethylhexyl phthalate with obesity-related markers and body mass change from birth to 3 months of age. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2016, 70(5), 466-472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206315] [PMID: 26834143]
[74]
Deierlein, A.L.; Wolff, M.S.; Pajak, A.; Pinney, S.M.; Windham, G.C.; Galvez, M.P.; Silva, M.J.; Calafat, A.M.; Kushi, L.H.; Biro, F.M.; Teitelbaum, S.L. Longitudinal associations of phthalate exposures during childhood and body size measurements in young girls. Epidemiology, 2016, 27(4), 492-499.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000489] [PMID: 27031039]
[75]
Trasande, L.; Spanier, A.J.; Sathyanarayana, S.; Attina, T.M.; Blustein, J. Urinary phthalates and increased insulin resistance in adolescents. Pediatrics, 2013, 132(3), e646-e655.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-4022] [PMID: 23958772]
[76]
Attina, T.M.; Trasande, L. Association of exposure to di-2-ethylhexylphthalate replacements with increased insulin resistance in adolescents from NHANES 2009-2012. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2015, 100(7), 2640-2650.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1686] [PMID: 25993640]
[77]
Karmaus, A.L.; Filer, D.L.; Martin, M.T.; Houck, K.A. Evaluation of food-relevant chemicals in the ToxCast highthroughput screening program 2016, 92, 188-196.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.012]
[78]
Barr, D.B.; Wong, L.Y.; Bravo, R.; Weerasekera, G.; Odetokun, M.; Restrepo, P.; Kim, D.G.; Fernandez, C.; Whitehead, R.D., Jr; Perez, J.; Gallegos, M.; Williams, B.L.; Needham, L.L. Urinary concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2011, 8(8), 3063-3098.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083063] [PMID: 21909292]
[79]
Peris-Sampedro, F.; Cabré, M.; Basaure, P.; Reverte, I.; Domingo, J.L.; Teresa Colomina, M. Adulthood dietary exposure to a common pesticide leads to an obese-like phenotype and a diabetic profile in apoE3 mice. Environ. Res., 2015, 142, 169-176.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.036] [PMID: 26162960]
[80]
Slotkin, T.A. Does early-life exposure to organophosphate insecticides lead to prediabetes and obesity? Reprod. Toxicol., 2011, 31(3), 297-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.07.012] [PMID: 20850519]
[81]
Lee, D.H.; Lind, L.; Jacobs, D.R., Jr; Salihovic, S.; van Bavel, B.; Lind, P.M. Associations of persistent organic pollutants with abdominal obesity in the elderly: The Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Environ. Int., 2012, 40, 170-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.010] [PMID: 21835469]
[82]
Warner, M.; Wesselink, A.; Harley, K.G.; Bradman, A.; Kogut, K.; Eskenazi, B. Prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and obesity at 9 years of age in the CHAMACOS study cohort. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2014, 179(11), 1312-1322.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu046] [PMID: 24722999]
[83]
Wohlfahrt-Veje, C.; Main, K.M.; Schmidt, I.M.; Boas, M.; Jensen, T.K.; Grandjean, P.; Skakkebæk, E.N.; Andersen, H.R. Lower birth weight and increased body fat at school age in children prenatally exposed to modern pesticides: a prospective study. Environ. Health, 2011, 10, 79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-79]
[84]
Martini, C.N.; Gabrielli, M.; Vila Mdel, C. A commercial formulation of glyphosate inhibits proliferation and differentiation to adipocytes and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Toxicol. In Vitro, 2012, 26, 1007-1013.
[85]
Martini, C.N.; Gabrielli, M.; Brandani, J.N. Vila, Mdel.C. Glyphosate inhibits PPAR gamma induction and differentiation of preadipocytes and is able to induce oxidative stress. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 2016, 30(8), 404-413.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21804] [PMID: 27044015]
[86]
Regnier, S.M.; Sargis, R.M. Adipocytes under assault: environmental disruption of adipose physiology. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2014, 1842(3), 520-533.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.028] [PMID: 23735214]
[87]
Bodin, J.; Bølling, A.K.; Samuelsen, M.; Becher, R.; Løvik, M.; Nygaard, U.C. Long-term bisphenol A exposure accelerates insulitis development in diabetes-prone NOD mice. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 2013, 35(3), 349-358.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2013.772195] [PMID: 23496298]
[88]
Lin, Y.; Wei, J.; Li, Y.; Chen, J.; Zhou, Z.; Song, L.; Wei, Z.; Lv, Z.; Chen, X.; Xia, W.; Xu, S. Developmental exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impairs endocrine pancreas and leads to long-term adverse effects on glucose homeostasis in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2011, 301(3), E527-E538.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00233.2011] [PMID: 21673306]
[89]
Ropero, A.B.; Alonso-Magdalena, P.; García-García, E.; Ripoll, C.; Fuentes, E.; Nadal, A. Bisphenol-a disruption of the endocrine pancreas and blood glucose homeostasis. Int. J. Androl., 2008, 31(2), 194-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00832.x] [PMID: 17971160]
[90]
Pestana, D.; Faria, G.; Sá, C.; Fernandes, V.C.; Teixeira, D.; Norberto, S.; Faria, A.; Meireles, M.; Marques, C.; Correia-Sá, L.; Cunha, A.; Guimarães, J.T.; Taveira-Gomes, A.; Santos, A.C.; Domingues, V.F.; Delerue-Matos, C.; Monteiro, R.; Calhau, C. Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals--depot differences and dysmetabolism implications. Environ. Res., 2014, 133, 170-177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.026] [PMID: 24949816]
[91]
Pestana, D.; Faria, G.; Sá, C.; Fernandes, V.C.; Teixeira, D.; Norberto, S.; Faria, A.; Meireles, M.; Marques, C.; Correia-Sá, L.; Cunha, A.; Guimarães, J.T.; Taveira-Gomes, A.; Santos, A.C.; Domingues, V.F.; Delerue-Matos, C.; Monteiro, R.; Calhau, C. Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals--depot differences and dysmetabolism implications. Environ. Res., 2014, 133, 170-177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.026] [PMID: 24949816]
[92]
Warner, M.; Mocarelli, P.; Brambilla, P.; Wesselink, A.; Samuels, S.; Signorini, S.; Eskenazi, B. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity in relation to serum dioxin concentrations: the Seveso women’s health study. Environ. Health Perspect., 2013, 121(8), 906-911.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206113] [PMID: 23674506]
[93]
Chang, J.W.; Chen, H.L.; Su, H.J.; Liao, P.C.; Guo, H.R.; Lee, C.C. Simultaneous exposure of non-diabetics to high levels of dioxins and mercury increases their risk of insulin resistance. J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, 185(2-3), 749-755.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.084] [PMID: 21087821]
[94]
Chang, J.W.; Ou, H.Y.; Chen, H.L.; Guo, H.R.; Liao, P.C.; Lee, C.C. Interrelationship between exposure to PCDD/Fs and hypertension in metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese living near a highly contaminated area. Chemosphere, 2010, 81(8), 1027-1032.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.050] [PMID: 20850865]
[95]
Uemura, H.; Arisawa, K.; Hiyoshi, M.; Kitayama, A.; Takami, H.; Sawachika, F.; Dakeshita, S.; Nii, K.; Satoh, H.; Sumiyoshi, Y.; Morinaga, K.; Kodama, K.; Suzuki, T.; Nagai, M.; Suzuki, T. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome associated with body burden levels of dioxin and related compounds among Japan’s general population. Environ. Health Perspect., 2009, 117(4), 568-573.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800012] [PMID: 19440495]
[96]
Henríquez-Hernández, L.A.; Luzardo, O.P.; Arellano, J.L.P.; Carranza, C.; Sánchez, N.J.; Almeida-González, M.; Ruiz-Suárez, N.; Valerón, P.F.; Camacho, M.; Zumbado, M.; Boada, L.D. Different pattern of contamination by legacy POPs in two populations from the same geographical area but with completely different lifestyles: Canary Islands (Spain) vs. Morocco. Sci. Total Environ., 2016, 541, 51-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.042] [PMID: 26398450]
[97]
Zong, G.; Grandjean, P.; Wu, H.; Sun, Q. Circulating persistent organic pollutants and body fat distribution: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2015, 23(9), 1903-1910.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21161] [PMID: 26237202]
[98]
Myrmel, L.S.; Fjære, E.; Midtbø, L.K.; Bernhard, A.; Petersen, R.K.; Sonne, S.B.; Mortensen, A.; Hao, Q.; Brattelid, T.; Liaset, B.; Kristiansen, K.; Madsen, L. Macronutrient composition determines accumulation of persistent organic pollutants from dietary exposure in adipose tissue of mice. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2016, 27, 307-316.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.019] [PMID: 26507541]
[99]
Lim, J.S.; Mietus-Snyder, M.; Valente, A.; Schwarz, J.M.; Lustig, R.H. The role of fructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2010, 7(5), 251-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2010.41] [PMID: 20368739]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy