摘要
尽管有针对饮食习惯和生活方式的专门政策,但肥胖病的流行趋势没有逆转趋势,并且在全球范围内蔓延,但效果似乎不大。遗传因素仅部分解释了这种上升,而环境因素似乎起着关键作用,主要是通过表观遗传机制与基因-环境相互作用。许多动物和人类研究都指出,母体饮食,肠道菌群和化学物质会与食物一起作为污染物引入,所有这些因素均会增加肥胖的风险。广泛扩散的有毒物质(主要是BPA,邻苯二甲酸盐,农药)能够促进儿童和成人肥胖,主要是通过将多能干基质干细胞与成熟脂肪细胞联系起来的分化途径,调节表观遗传因子并影响一系列最终导致改变的机制而实现的。饮食习惯,增加脂肪细胞形成和脂肪储存。此外,脂肪组织是几种化学物质(主要是POPs)的重要目标,这些化学物质对代谢健康构成威胁。总之,除了个体过多的能量摄入和生活方式不足之外,其他广泛传播和可改变的因素(主要是食物中摄入有毒化学物质)似乎在肥胖的流行病学快速增长中也起着关键作用,还考虑了风险和风险的跨代传播。早期因暴露而导致肥胖的晚期发展。需要进行进一步的研究,以更好地评估有毒食物污染物的累积影响与饮食和生活方式的改变之间的相互作用,并验证对所有这些因素起作用并有可能扭转肥胖病持续上升的一级预防策略的有效性。
关键词: 破坏内分泌的化学物质,持久性有机污染物,肥胖,表观基因组,农药,食物污染。
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