Abstract
The literature on the syntheses of substituted 1-(indol-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives is reviewed. Two main synthetic procedures have been applied for these syntheses. One is cross-dehydrogenative coupling, which can furnish various C-3 functionalized indoles; oxidants and/or catalysts are usually needed. Another convenient synthetic method is the aza-Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole derivatives with dihydroisoquinoline, the main advantage of this being the direct catalyst-free coupling under mild experimental conditions. The review also considers miscellaneous reactions, where the isoquinoline skeleton is achieved in one of the final steps of the synthesis.
Keywords: Isoquinoline, indole, β-carboline, cross-dehydrogenative coupling, aza-Friedel–Crafts alkylation.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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