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Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5265
ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

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Review Article

Exosomes: Friends or Foes in Microbial Infections?

Author(s): Samane Teymouri, Maryam Pourhajibagher* and Abbas Bahador*

Volume 24, Issue 5, 2024

Published on: 17 January, 2024

Article ID: e170124225730 Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/0118715265264388231128045954

Price: $65

Abstract

The use of new approaches is necessary to address the global issue of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach that reduces the emergence of drug resistance, and no resistance has been reported thus far. APDT involves using a photosensitizer (PS), a light source, and oxygen. The mechanism of aPDT is that a specific wavelength of light is directed at the PS in the presence of oxygen, which activates the PS and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently causing damage to microbial cells. However, due to the PS's poor stability, low solubility in water, and limited bioavailability, it is necessary to employ drug delivery platforms to enhance the effectiveness of PS in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Exosomes are considered a desirable carrier for PS due to their specific characteristics, such as low immunogenicity, innate stability, and high ability to penetrate cells, making them a promising platform for drug delivery. Additionally, exosomes also possess antimicrobial properties, although in some cases, they may enhance microbial pathogenicity. As there are limited studies on the use of exosomes for drug delivery in microbial infections, this review aims to present significant points that can provide accurate insights.

Graphical Abstract

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