Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-2558
ISSN (Online): 2666-2566

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Optimized Multi-objective Clustering using Fuzzy Based Genetic Algorithm for Lifetime Maximization of WSN

Author(s): Shivendra Kumar Pandey* and Buddha Singh

Volume 17, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 03 January, 2024

Article ID: e030124225207 Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/0126662558277382231204074443

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained significant attention due to their diverse applications, including border area security, earthquake detection, and fire detection. WSNs utilize compact sensors to detect environmental events and transmit data to a Base Station (BS) for analysis. Energy consumption during data transmission is a critical issue, which has led to the exploration of additional energy-saving techniques, such as clustering.

Objective: The primary objective is to propose an algorithm that selects optimal Cluster Heads (CHs) through a fuzzy-based genetic approach. This algorithm aims to address energy consumption concerns, enhance load balancing, and improve routing efficiency within WSNs.

Methods: The proposed algorithm employs a fuzzy-based genetic approach to optimize the selection of CHs for data transmission. Four key parameters are considered: the average remaining energy of CHs, the average distance between CHs and the BS, the average distance between member nodes and CHs, and the standard deviation of the distance between member nodes and CHs.

Results: The algorithm's effectiveness is demonstrated through simulation results. When compared to popular models like LEACH, MOEES, and FEEC, it demonstrates an 8-20% improvement in the lifetime of WSNs. The proposed approach achieves enhanced efficiency, lifetime extension, and improved performance in CH selection, load balancing, and routing.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study introduces a novel algorithm that utilizes fuzzy-based genetic techniques to optimize CH selection in WSNs. By considering four key parameters and addressing energy consumption challenges, the proposed algorithm offers significant improvements in efficiency, lifespan, and overall network performance, as validated through simulation results.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
B.S. Kumar, and D. Singh, "MOEES-multi objective energy efficient clustering scheme for wireless sensor networks", Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 525-535, 2022.
[2]
A.K. Rai, and A.K. Daniel, "FEEC: Fuzzy based energy efficient clustering protocol for WSN", Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 297-307, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-022-01796-x]
[3]
J.P. Molla, D. Dhabliya, S.R. Jondhale, S.S. Arumugam, A.S. Rajawat, S.B. Goyal, M.S. Raboaca, T.C. Mihaltan, C. Verma, and G. Suciu, "Energy efficient received signal strength-based target localization and tracking using support vector regression", Energies, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 555, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010555]
[4]
K.R. Madhavi, M.N.M. Nawi, B.B. Reddy, K. Baboji, K.H. Kishore, and S.V. Manikanthan, "“Energy efficient target tracking in wireless sensor network using PF-SVM (particle filter-support vector machine) technique”, Measurement", Sensors, vol. 26, p. 100667, 2023.
[5]
S. Sharma, and S.K. Jena, "Cluster based multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks", Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 14-20, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2766330.2766333]
[6]
A.M.K. Abdulzahra, A.K.M. Al-Qurabat, and S.A. Abdulzahra, "Optimizing energy consumption in WSN-based IoT using unequal clustering and sleep scheduling methods", IoT, vol. 22, p. 100765, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2023.100765]
[7]
V. Cherappa, T. Thangarajan, S.S. Meenakshi Sundaram, F. Hajjej, A.K. Munusamy, and R. Shanmugam, "Energy-efficient clustering and routing using ASFO and a cross-layer-based expedient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks", Sensors, vol. 23, no. 5, p. 2788, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052788] [PMID: 36904993]
[8]
F. Bajaber, and I. Awan, "Adaptive decentralized re-clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks", J. Comput. Syst. Sci., vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 282-292, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2010.01.007]
[9]
W.R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks", In Proceedings of the 33rd annual Hawaii, 2000, p. 10
p [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2000.926982]
[10]
W.B. Heinzelman, A.P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks", IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 660-670, 2002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2002.804190]
[11]
V. Gupta, and M.N. Doja, "H-LEACH: Modified and efficient LEACH Protocol for hybrid clustering scenario in wireless sensor networks", In: Next-Generation Networks, 2018, p. 399-408.
[12]
O. Younis, and S. Fahmy, "HEED: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks", IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 366-379, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2004.41]
[13]
J.M. Kim, S.H. Park, Y.J. Han, and T.M. Chung, "CHEF: Cluster head election mechanism using fuzzy logic in wireless sensor networks", In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT ’08), 2008, p. 654659
p [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICACT.2008.4493846]
[14]
Z. Fei, B. Li, S. Yang, C. Xing, H. Chen, and L. Hanzo, "A survey of multi-objective optimization in wireless sensor networks: Metrics, algorithms, and open problems", IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 550-586, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2016.2610578]
[15]
K. Dubey, P. Kumar, P. Pathak, S. Kumar, P. Rajpoot, and S.K. Pandey, "A Survey on fundamental of wireless sensor network with various issues in optimization", In International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), 2019, pp. 288-293
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC.2019.8819833]
[16]
H. Ma, S. Shen, M. Yu, Z. Yang, M. Fei, and H. Zhou, "Multi-population techniques in nature inspired optimization algorithms: A comprehensive survey", Swarm Evol. Comput., vol. 44, pp. 365-387, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2018.04.011]
[17]
F.M. Kiaie, and A. Khanlari, "Coverage problem in heterogeneous wireless sensor network", Eur. Sci. J., vol. 9, no. 27, 2013.
[18]
N. Anjali, "Fuzzy based technique for nodes coverage with load balancing data collection using multiple conflicting factors", In International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), 2019, pp. 579-584
[19]
S. Mini, S.K. Udgata, and S.L. Sabat, "Sensor deployment and scheduling for target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks", IEEE Sens. J., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 636-644, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2013.2286332]
[20]
C-Y. Chang, J-P. Sheu, Y-C. Chen, and S-M. Chang, "An obstacle-free and power-efficient deployment algorithm for wireless sensor networks", IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A Syst. Hum., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 795-806, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2014389]
[21]
F. Marcelloni, and M. Vecchio, "A simple algorithm for data compression in wireless sensor networks", IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 411-413, 2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2008.080300]
[22]
A.K. Gunjan, A.K. Sharma, and K. Verma, "GA-UCR: Genetic algorithm based unequal clustering and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks", Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 537-558, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09966-7]
[23]
M.S. Shahryari, L. Farzinvash, M.R. Feizi-Derakhshi, and A. Taherkordi, "High-throughput and energy-efficient data gathering in heterogeneous multi-channel wireless sensor networks using genetic algorithm", Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 139, p. 103041, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2022.103041]
[24]
G. Sudha, and C. Tharini, "Trust-based clustering and best route selection strategy for energy efficient wireless sensor networks", Automatika, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 634-641, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2023.2208462]
[25]
S. Khera, N. Turk, and N. Kaur, "HC-WSN: A Hibernated Clustering based framework for improving energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks", Multimedia Tools Appl., vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 3879-3894, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-13446-2]
[26]
N.S. Patil, and A. Parveen, "Integrated CS-clustering mechanism for network lifetime improvisation in WSN", Multimedia Tools Appl., vol. 82, no. 13, pp. 19487-19502, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14261-5]
[27]
H. Esmaeili, B.M. Bidgoli, and V. Hakami, "CMML: Combined metaheuristic-machine learning for adaptable routing in clustered wireless sensor networks", Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 118, no. 118, p. 108477, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2022.108477]
[28]
P. Rajpoot, and P. Dwivedi, "Matrix method for non-dominated sorting and population selection for next generation in multi-objective problem solution", In International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science and Engineering, 2018, pp. 670-676
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2018.8442879]
[29]
N. Verma, N. Pandey, and P. Rajpoot, "Energy efficient protocol to supervise overground pipelines using WSN", In International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information and Communication Technology (RTEICT-2018), 2018, pp. 1818-1823
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT42901.2018.9012422]
[30]
P. Rajpoot, "Data aggregation and distance based approach to boost life span of WSN", Comput. Sci., 2017.
[31]
S.H. Singh, R. Verma, and P. Rajpoot, "Partition based strategic node placement and efficient communication method for WSN", In Proceedings of 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT 2018), 2018, p. 1807-1812
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT42901.2018.9012336]
[32]
R. Aaditya, "Optimized H-LEACH algorithm for clustering to improve lifetime of WSN", In Proceedings of 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT-2018), 2018, p. 2393-2398
[33]
P. Rajpoot, and P. Dwivedi, "Optimized and load balanced clustering for wireless sensor networks to increase the lifetime of WSN using MADM approaches", Wirel. Netw., pp. 1-37, 2018.
[34]
P. Rajpoot, and P. Dwivedi, "Multiple parameter based energy balanced and optimized clustering for WSN to enhance the Lifetime using MADM Approaches", Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 829-877, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06192-6]
[35]
P. Rajpoot, S.H. Singh, R. Verma, K. Dubey, S.K. Pandey, and S. Verma, Multi-factor-based energy-efficient clustering and routing algorithm for WSN. The Proceedings on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications., Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020, pp. 1-6.
[36]
D.V. Soto, C.M. Perera, A.O. Lugo, G.M. Tejada, O. Olmedo, and M. Lara, "An efficient multi-parent hierarchical routing protocol for WSNs", In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS), 2014, pp. 1-8
[37]
D.V. Soto, C.M. Perera, J.A.N. Flores, R. Velázquez, and A.R. Sierra, "Wireless sensor network energy model and its use in the optimization of routing protocols", Energies, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1-33, 2020.
[38]
K. Trigunait, and S. Prabha, "A novel energy efficient security protocol in WSN", Int. J. Inform. Technol., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1-4, 2019.
[39]
R.K. Yadav, and R. Mishra, "Cluster-based classical routing protocols and authentication algorithms in WSN: A survey based on procedures and methods", Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 2777-2833, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09265-7]
[40]
Y. Sabri, and A. Hilmani, "A novel energy-efficient routing probabilistic strategies for distributed and localized heterogeneous WSN", Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 39-61, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10414-3]
[41]
V. Narayan, A.K. Daniel, and P. Chaturvedi, "E-FEERP: Enhanced fuzzy based energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network", Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 371-398, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10434-z]
[42]
G. Bhat, and A. Sreenivasan, "Review on energy optimization and cluster based routing protocol in WSN", Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 101-103, 2019.
[43]
A.K. Yadav, P. Rajpoot, P. Kumar, K. Dubey, S.H. Singh, and K.R. Verma, "Multi parameters based heterogeneous clustering algorithm for energy optimization in WSN", In IEEE Int. Conf. Cloud Comput, 2019, pp. 587-592
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776966]
[44]
P. Rajpoot, P. Dwivedi, and K. Dubey, "Power balanced efficient clustering algorithm for WSN", In International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), 2019, pp. 585-589
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCES45898.2019.9002109]
[45]
K. Dubey, V. Sharma, A. Gupta, A. Srivastava, S. Mishra, and P. Rajpoot, "Load balanced clustering protocol for lifetime enhancement of WSN", In Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Appl. (ICCMC), 2019, pp. 282-287
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC.2019.8819854]
[46]
P. Rajpoot, K. Dubey, V. Kumar, A. Prajapati, S. Kumar, and S. Mishra, "An enhanced approach for energy optimization using protocol based on multi factors", In International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), 2019, pp. 300-305
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC.2019.8819652]
[47]
K. Dubey, A.K. Yadav, P. Kumar, P. Shekhar, P. Rajpoot, and S. Kumar, "Power optimization algorithm for heterogeneous WSN using multiple attributes", In International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), 2019, pp. 294-299
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC.2019.8819705]
[48]
A. Prajapati, V. Kumar, P. Rajpoot, K. Dubey, S.H. Singh, and N. Verma, "Multi-objective heterogeneous clustering approach for efficient-energy optimization in WSN", In International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science and Engineering, 2019, pp. 85-91
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776965]
[49]
R.B. Pedditi, and K. Debasis, "Energy efficient routing protocol for an IoT-based WSN system to detect forest fires", Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 5, p. 3026, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053026]
[50]
S. Vellela, and R. Balamanigandan, "Optimized clustering routing framework to maintain the optimal energy status in the WSN mobile cloud environment", Multimedia Tools Appl., vol. 60, pp. 1-20, 2023.
[51]
B. Xu, M. Lu, and H. Zhang, "Multi-agent modeling and jamming-aware routing protocols for movable-jammer-affected WSNs", Sensors, vol. 23, no. 8, p. 3846, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23083846] [PMID: 37112187]
[52]
M.A. Al-Shareeda, and S. Manickam, "COVID-19 vehicle based on an efficient mutual authentication scheme for 5G-enabled vehicular fog computing", Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 23, p. 15618, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315618] [PMID: 36497709]
[53]
F. Azam, S.K. Yadav, N. Priyadarshi, S. Padmanaban, and R.C. Bansal, "A comprehensive review of authentication schemes in vehicular ad-hoc network", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 31309-31321, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060046]
[54]
M.A. Al-Shareeda, M. Anbar, S. Manickam, and I.H. Hasbullah, "Se-cppa: A secure and efficient conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme in vehicular ad-hoc networks", Sensors, vol. 21, no. 24, p. 8206, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248206] [PMID: 34960311]
[55]
D. He, S. Zeadally, B. Xu, and X. Huang, "An efficient identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks", IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 2681-2691, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2473820]
[56]
M.A. Al-Shareeda, M. Anbar, S. Manickam, and I.H. Hasbullah, "Towards identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 113226-113238, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3104148]
[57]
B.A. Mohammed, M.A. Al-Shareeda, S. Manickam, Z.G. Al-Mekhlafi, A. Alreshidi, M. Alazmi, J.S. Alshudukhi, and M. Alsaffar, "FC-PA: Fog computing-based pseudonym authentication scheme in 5G-enabled vehicular networks", IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 18571-18581, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3247222]
[58]
M.A. Al-Shareeda, and S. Manickam, "Msr-dos: Modular square root-based scheme to resist denial of service (dos) attacks in 5g-enabled vehicular networks", IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 120606-120615, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3222488]
[59]
S. Sridharan, S. Venkatraman, and S.P. Raja, "A novel lie hypergraph based lifetime enhancement routing protocol for environmental monitoring in wireless sensor networks", IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., vol. 38, pp. 1-11, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2023.3262273]
[60]
T.M. Behera, U.C. Samal, S.K. Mohapatra, M.S. Khan, B. Appasani, N. Bizon, and P. Thounthong, "Energy-efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: Architectures, strategies, and performance", Electronics, vol. 11, no. 15, p. 2282, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152282]
[61]
M.Z. Ghawy, G.A. Amran, H. AlSalman, E. Ghaleb, and J. Khan, "A.A. AL-Bakhrani, A.M. Alziadi, A. Ali, and S.S. Ullah, “An effective wireless sensor network routing protocol based on particle swarm optimization algorithm”", Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., vol. 2022, pp. 1-13, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8455065]
[62]
"Santhosh., and K.V. Prasad, “Energy optimization routing for hierarchical cluster based WSN using artificial bee colony. Measurement”", Sensors, p. 100848, 2023.
[63]
R.K. Lenka, M. Kolhar, H. Mohapatra, F. Al-Turjman, and C. Altrjman, "Cluster-based routing protocol with static hub (CRPSH) for WSN-assisted IoT networks", Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 12, p. 7304, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127304]
[64]
A. Srivastava, and P.K. Mishra, "Load-balanced cluster head selection enhancing network lifetime in WSN using hybrid approach for IoT applications", J. Sens., vol. 2023, pp. 1-29, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4343404]
[65]
W. Bhat, and A. Passi, "Adaptive clustering-an optimal solution to hotspot issue in wireless sensor networks", In Renewable Energy Optimization, Planning and Control: Proceedings of ICRTE, 2023, pp. 337-346
[66]
C.N. Tadros, N. Shehata, and B. Mokhtar, "Unsupervised learning-based WSN clustering for efficient environmental pollution monitoring", Sensors, vol. 23, no. 12, p. 5733, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125733] [PMID: 37420898]
[67]
K. Dubey, K. Verma, S. Mishra, P. Rajpoot, R. Yaduvanshi, and S. Kumar, "Optimization of data collection process in heterogeneous WSN using fuzzy and multi-attribute based load balancing approach", In International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering (ICAEESE 2019), 2019, pp. 1-5
[68]
R. Kumar, K. Dubey, H. Chaudhary, P. Rajpoot, S. Mishra, and R. Yaduvanshi, "Energy distribution based cluster Head selection to enhance the lifetime of WSN", In International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering (ICAEESE 2019), 2019, pp. 1-5
[69]
A.K. Maurya, K. Dubey, A. Pandey, P. Rajpoot, S. Mishra, and R. Yaduvanshi, "Relative distance based fuzzy clustering approach for wireless sensor networks", In International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering (ICAEESE 2019), 2019, pp. 1-5
[70]
S.K. Pandey, and S. Patel, "Energy distance clustering algorithm (EDCA) for wireless sensor networks", In 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2019, pp. 287-292
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776615]
[71]
S. Lindsey, and and C.S. Raghavendra, ", "PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems",", In Proceedings, IEEE aerospace conference,, vol. vol. 3 , 2002pp., pp. 3-3
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2002.1035242]
[72]
S.A. Sert, H. Bagci, and A. Yazici, "MOFCA: Multi-objective fuzzy clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks", Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 30, pp. 151-165, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2014.11.063]
[73]
H.R. Farahzadi, M. Langarizadeh, M. Mirhosseini, and S.A. Fatemi Aghda, "An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption", Wirel. Netw., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 1077-1087, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02485-y]
[74]
A. Naderloo, S.A. Fatemi Aghda, and M. Mirfakhraei, "Fuzzy-based cluster routing in wireless sensor network", Soft Comput., vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 6151-6158, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-023-07976-6] [PMID: 37089707]
[75]
M.K. Shahzad, S.M.R. Islam, M. Hossain, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, A. Alamri, and M. Hussain, "GAFOR: Genetic algorithm based fuzzy optimized re-clustering in wireless sensor networks", Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 43, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9010043]
[76]
S.K. Pandey, and B. Singh, "Multi-objective unequal optimal clustering algorithm for WSN using fuzzy logic", SN Computer Science, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 671, 2023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02119-y]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy