Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2667-3878
ISSN (Online): 2667-3886

Mini-Review Article

Glycerosomes: Novel Nano-Vesicles for Efficient Delivery of Therapeutics

Author(s): Divya Sharma, Anjna Rani*, Veena Devi Singh, Pranav Shah, Sakshi Sharma and Sunil Kumar

Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 25 October, 2023

Page: [173 - 182] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/0126673878245185230919101148

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The topical drug delivery system has gained more attention in recent years as compared to oral and parenteral drug delivery. However, owing to the barrier function of the skin’s topmost layer, only a few drug molecules can be administered by this route. Therefore, encapsulating the drugs in glycerosomes is one potential solution to this problem. Glycerosomes are vesicular drug delivery systems primarily made up of large concentrations of glycerol, phospholipid, water, and other active ingredients.

Objective: The main aim of this review is to summarize the most recent information on the encapsulated vesicular system used in cosmetic preparations, specifically glycerosomes made from both synthetic and naturally occurring plant bioactive substances.

Purpose: Glycerosomes offer many benefits, including increased efficacy, better stability, improve absorption, drug targeting at specific sites, and delivering the same at a predetermined rate.

Method: The mechanism behind the penetration of glycerosomes is the hydration and lipid fluidization of skin, fabricated by glycerol.

Result: Numerous methods have been reported for the formulation of glycerosomes, including the thin film hydration method, reverse-phase evaporation, solvent spherule, detergent removal method, and so on.

Conclusion: Researchers are currently investigating the potential of glycerosomes as nanocarriers for natural bioactive and synthetic drugs. This review describes the structure of glycerosomes, preparation techniques, applications, distinctions from liposomes, and benefits of glycerosomes.

Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Manca ML, Zaru M, Manconi M, et al. Glycerosomes: A new tool for effective dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 455(1-2): 66-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.060] [PMID: 23911913]
[2]
Naguib MJ, Hassan YR, Abd-Elsalam WH. 3D printed ocusert laden with ultra-fluidic glycerosomes of ganciclovir for the management of ocular cytomegalovirus retinitis. Int J Pharm 2021; 607: 121010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121010] [PMID: 34391852]
[3]
Gupta P, Mazumder R, Padhi S J. I j o p s. Glycerosomes: Advanced liposomal drug delivery system 2020; 82(3): 385-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.661]
[4]
Md S, Alhakamy NA, Aldawsari HM, et al. Plumbagin-loaded glycerosome gel as topical delivery system for skin cancer therapy. Polymers 2021; 13(6): 923.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060923] [PMID: 33802819]
[5]
Morigaki K, Tawa K. Vesicle fusion studied by surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy. Biophys J 2006; 91(4): 1380-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.086074] [PMID: 16731563]
[6]
Ghadiri M, Young P, Traini D. Strategies to enhance drug absorption via nasal and pulmonary routes. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11(3): 113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11030113] [PMID: 30861990]
[7]
Salvioni L, Morelli L, Ochoa E, et al. The emerging role of nanotechnology in skincare. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 293: 102437.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102437] [PMID: 34023566]
[8]
Manca ML, Castangia I, Caddeo C, et al. Improvement of quercetin protective effect against oxidative stress skin damages by incorporation in nanovesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123: 566-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.059] [PMID: 25444664]
[9]
Ashtiani HA, Bishe P, Lashgari N-A, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Zare S. Liposomes in cosmetics. J Skin Stem Cell 2016; 3(3): e65815.
[10]
Zhang K, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li N, Feng N. Essential oil-mediated glycerosomes increase transdermal paeoniflorin delivery: optimization, characterization, and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12: 3521-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S135749] [PMID: 28503066]
[11]
Manca ML, Peris JE, Melis V, et al. Nanoincorporation of curcumin in polymer-glycerosomes and evaluation of their in vitro–in vivo suitability as pulmonary delivery systems. RSC Advances 2015; 5(127): 105149-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA24032H]
[12]
Manca ML, Cencetti C, Matricardi P, et al. Glycerosomes: Use of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine mixture and its effect on vesicle features and diclofenac skin penetration. Int J Pharm 2016; 511(1): 198-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.009] [PMID: 27418567]
[13]
Rani D, Singh C, Kumar A, Sharma VK. Formulation development and in-vitro evaluation of minoxidil bearing glycerosomes. Am J Biomed Res 2016; 4: 27-37.
[14]
Zaru M, Manca ML, Fadda AM, Orsini G. Glycerosomes and use thereof in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations for topical applications US Patent 8778367B2, 2014.
[15]
Gupta P, Mazumder R, Padhi S. Development of natamycin loaded glycerosomes–a novel approach to defend ophthalmic keratitis. Indian J Pharma Edu and Res 2020; 54(2s): s163-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.54.2s.72]
[16]
Ashtiani HRA, Bishe P, Lashgari N-A, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Zare S. Liposomes in cosmetics. Journal of Skin Stem Cell 2016; 3(3)
[17]
Jain S, Jain V, Mahajan SC. Lipid based vesicular drug delivery systems. Advances in Pharmaceutics 2014; 2014: 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/574673]
[18]
Medina O, Zhu Y, Kairemo K. Targeted liposomal drug delivery in cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10(24): 2981-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043383467] [PMID: 15379663]
[19]
Sarangi M, Padhi S. Novel herbal drug delivery system: An overview. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences 2018; 6(1): 171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_88_17]
[20]
Mandal SC, Mandal M. Current status and future prospects of new drug delivery system. Pharm Times 2010; 42(4): 13-6.
[21]
Shao J, Wen C, Xuan M, et al. Polyelectrolyte multilayer-cushioned fluid lipid bilayers: A parachute model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19(3): 2008-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6CP06787E] [PMID: 28009025]
[22]
Bansal S, Kashyap CP, Aggarwal G, Harikumar S. A comparative review on vesicular drug delivery system and stability issues. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2012; 2(3): 704-13.
[23]
Marcato PD, Durán N. New aspects of nanopharmaceutical delivery systems. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8(5): 2216-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.274] [PMID: 18572633]
[24]
Yapar EALĞIN. Herbal cosmetics and novel drug delivery systems. Indian J Pharma Edu and Res 2017; 51(3s): s152-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.3]
[25]
Ajazuddin , Saraf SS. Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations. Fitoterapia 2010; 81(7): 680-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.05.001] [PMID: 20471457]
[26]
Conte R, Luca ID, Luise AD, Petillo O, Calarco A, Peluso G. New therapeutic potentials of nanosized phytomedicine. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16(8): 8176-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12809]
[27]
Findlay AM, King R, Smith FM, Geddes A, Skeldon R. World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Trans Inst Br Geogr 2012; 37(1): 118-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00454.x]
[28]
Andra VVSNL, Pammi SVN, Bhatraju LVKP, Ruddaraju LK. A comprehensive review on novel liposomal methodologies, commercial formulations, clinical trials and patents. Bionanoscience 2022; 12(1): 274-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-022-00941-x] [PMID: 35096502]
[29]
Salem HF, Kharshoum RM, Sayed OM, Abdel Hakim LF. Formulation design and optimization of novel soft glycerosomes for enhanced topical delivery of celecoxib and cupferron by Box–Behnken statistical design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44(11): 1871-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2018.1504963] [PMID: 30044654]
[30]
Vishvakrama P, Sharma S. Liposomes: an overview. J Drug Deliv Ther 2014; 47-55.
[31]
Patil YP, Jadhav S. Novel methods for liposome preparation. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 177: 8-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.011] [PMID: 24220497]
[32]
Nounou M, El-Khordagui L, Khalafallah N, Khalil S. Liposomal formulation for dermal and transdermal drug delivery: Past, present and future. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 2008; 2(1): 9-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221108783331375] [PMID: 19075893]
[33]
Kim S, Jacobs RE, White SH. Preparation of multilamellar vesicles of defined size-distribution by solvent-spherule evaporation. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1985; 812(3): 793-801.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(85)90274-3] [PMID: 3970908]
[34]
Salimi A. Liposomes as a novel drug delivery system: fundamental and pharmaceutical application. Asian J Pharm 2018; 12(01)
[35]
Alpes H, Allmann K, Plattner H, Reichert J, Rick R, Schulz S. Formation of large unilamellar vesicles using alkyl maltoside detergents. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1986; 862(2): 294-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(86)90231-2]
[36]
Wang Q, Tan G, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Liposomes in double-emulsion globules. Langmuir 2010; 26(5): 3225-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la9032157] [PMID: 19958007]
[37]
Maheshkuma S, Reddy K, Goud P, Kiranmayi N, Arvind G. Formulation and characterization of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes by double emulsion method. Int Res J Pharm 2013; 4(4): 197-201.
[38]
Makhmalzadeh BS, Azh Z, Azarpanah A. Preparation and evaluation of mafenide acetate liposomal formulation as eschar delivery system. Int J Drug Dev Res 2011; 3(4): 129-40.
[39]
Tiwari S, Verma P. Microencapsulation technique by solvent evaporation method (Study of effect of process variables). Inter jpharma life sci 2011; 2(8)
[40]
Laouini A, Jaafar-Maalej C, Limayem-Blouza I, Sfar S, Charcosset C, Fessi H. Preparation, characterization and applications of liposomes: State of the art. Journal of colloid Science Biotechnology 2012; 1(2): 147-68.
[41]
Batzri S, Korn ED. Single bilayer liposomes prepared without sonication. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1973; 298(4): 1015-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(73)90408-2] [PMID: 4738145]
[42]
Pons M, Foradada M, Estelrich J. Liposomes obtained by the ethanol injection method. Int J Pharm 1993; 95(1-3): 51-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(93)90389-W]
[43]
Miller DC, Dahl GP. Early events in calcium-induced liposome fusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1982; 689(1): 165-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(82)90201-2] [PMID: 7104348]
[44]
Papahadjopoulos D, Vail WJ, Jacobson K, Poste G. Cochleate lipid cylinders: formation by fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1975; 394(3): 483-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(75)90299-0] [PMID: 805602]
[45]
Tahir MA, Guven ZP, Arriaga LR, et al. Calcium-triggered fusion of lipid membranes is enabled by amphiphilic nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2020; 117(31): 18470-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902597117] [PMID: 32690682]
[46]
Mayhew E, Lazo R, Vail WJ, King J, Green AM. Characterization of liposomes prepared using a microemulsifier. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1984; 775(2): 169-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(84)90167-6] [PMID: 6466665]
[47]
Ganesan P, Karthivashan G, Park SY, Kim J, Choi DK. Microfluidization trends in the development of nanodelivery systems and applications in chronic disease treatments. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13: 6109-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S178077] [PMID: 30349240]
[48]
Oliete B, Potin F, Cases E, Saurel R. Microfluidization as homogenization technique in pea globulin-based emulsions. Food Bioprocess Technol 2019; 12(5): 877-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-019-02265-3]
[49]
Oku N, Macdonald RC. Formation of giant liposomes from lipids in chaotropic ion solutions. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1983; 734(1): 54-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(83)90074-3]
[50]
Pick U. Liposomes with a large trapping capacity prepared by freezing and thawing of sonicated phospholipid mixtures. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 212(1): 186-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(81)90358-1] [PMID: 7197900]
[51]
Sharma S, Mann R, Kumar S, et al. A simple and cost-effective freeze-thaw based method for plasmodium DNA extraction from dried blood spot. Iran J Parasitol 2019; 14(1): 29-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v14i1.715] [PMID: 31123466]
[52]
Figueroa-Pizano MD, Vélaz I, Martínez-Barbosa ME. A freeze-thawing method to prepare chitosan-poly (Vinyl alcohol) hydrogels without crosslinking agents and diflunisal release studies. J Vis Exp 2020; (155): e59636.
[PMID: 32009635]
[53]
Bangham AD, Standish MM, Watkins JC. Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. J Mol Biol 1965; 13(1): 238-IN27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(65)80093-6] [PMID: 5859039]
[54]
Cizmar P, Yuana Y. Detection and characterization of extracellular vesicles by transmission and cryo-transmission electron microscopyExtracellular Vesicles. Springer 2017; pp. 221-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7253-1_18]
[55]
Demetzos C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC): A tool to study the thermal behavior of lipid bilayers and liposomal stability. J Liposome Res 2008; 18(3): 159-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982100802310261] [PMID: 18770070]
[56]
Vanti G, Ntallis SG, Panagiotidis CA, et al. Glycerosome of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil for effective anti-HSV Type 1. Molecules 2020; 25(14): 3111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143111] [PMID: 32650414]
[57]
Manconi M, Manca M, Caddeo C, et al. Citrus limon extract loaded in vesicular systems for the protection of oral cavity. Medicines 2018; 5(4): 108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040108] [PMID: 30322189]
[58]
Naguib MJ, Salah S, Abdel Halim SA, Badr-Eldin SM. Investigating the potential of utilizing glycerosomes as a novel vesicular platform for enhancing intranasal delivery of lacidipine. Int J Pharm 2020; 582: 119302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119302] [PMID: 32276091]
[59]
Zhu C, Zhang Y, Wu T, He Z, Guo T, Feng N. Optimizing glycerosome formulations via an orthogonal experimental design to enhance transdermal triptolide delivery. Acta Pharm 2022; 72(1): 135-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2022-0006] [PMID: 36651523]
[60]
Wang J, Guo F, Ma M, Lei M, Tan F, Li N. Nanovesicular system containing tretinoin for dermal targeting delivery and rosacea treatment: A comparison of hexosomes, glycerosomes and ethosomes. RSC Advances 2014; 4(85): 45458-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4RA08488H]
[61]
Casula E, Manca ML, Perra M, et al. Nasal spray formulations based on combined hyalurosomes and glycerosomes loading zingiber officinalis extract as green and natural strategy for the treatment of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Antioxidants 2021; 10(7): 1109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071109] [PMID: 34356342]
[62]
Saravanakumar K, Hu X, Chelliah R, Oh DH, Kathiresan K, Wang MH. Biogenic silver nanoparticles-polyvinylpyrrolidone based glycerosomes coating to expand the shelf life of fresh-cut bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendt). Postharvest Biol Technol 2020; 160: 111039.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111039]
[63]
Pleguezuelos-Villa M, Diez-Sales O, Manca ML, et al. Mangiferin glycethosomes as a new potential adjuvant for the treatment of psoriasis. Int J Pharm 2020; 573: 118844.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118844] [PMID: 31751638]
[64]
Moolakkadath T, Aqil M, Ahad A, et al. Preparation and optimization of fisetin loaded glycerol based soft nanovesicles by Box-Behnken design. Int J Pharm 2020; 578: 119125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119125] [PMID: 32036010]
[65]
Allaw M, Manconi M, Aroffu M, et al. Extraction, characterization and incorporation of hypericum scruglii extract in Ad Hoc formulated phospholipid vesicles designed for the treatment of skin diseases connected with oxidative stress. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12(11): 1010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111010] [PMID: 33113923]
[66]
Melis V, Manca ML, Bullita E, et al. Inhalable polymer-glycerosomes as safe and effective carriers for rifampicin delivery to the lungs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143: 301-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.044] [PMID: 27022870]
[67]
Abdellatif MM, Khalil IA, Khalil MAF. Sertaconazole nitrate loaded nanovesicular systems for targeting skin fungal infection: In-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2017; 527(1-2): 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.029] [PMID: 28522423]
[68]
Suzuki Y, Ogasawara T, Tanaka Y, et al. Functional G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Synthesis: The Pharmacological Analysis of Human Histamine H1 Receptor (HRH1) Synthesized by a Wheat Germ Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System Combined with Asolectin Glycerosomes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00038] [PMID: 29467651]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version306msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[04:44:52] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[04:44:52] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[04:44:52] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[04:44:52] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (92.99ms)time
  • Application (213ms)time
  • 1 x Application (69.61%)
    213ms
    1 x Booting (30.39%)
    92.99ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated123ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316409794','',1,1740458692,1740458692) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740458692
      960μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316409794','/article/135625',1,1740458692,1740458692)
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316409794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316409794) limit 1
      12.22msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316409794
      • 1: 316409794
      • 2: 316409794
      • 3: 316409794
      • 4: 316409794
      • 5: 316409794
      • 6: 316409794
      • 7: 316409794
      • 8: 316409794
      • 9: 316409794
      • 10: 316409794
      • 11: 316409794
      • 12: 316409794
      • 13: 316409794
      • 14: 316409794
      • 15: 316409794
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=135625
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 202 limit 1
      500μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 202
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=202) and sj.journal_id!=202 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.51msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=202) and sj.journal_id!=202 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      1.24msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=202) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.56msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=202) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      2.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '135625'
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 135625
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '135625'
      4.83msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 135625
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '135625' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      3.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 135625
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 202 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      42.75msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 202 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      2.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 202 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      1.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 135625 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 135625
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 135625 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 222718 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 222718
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'RADDF' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: RADDF
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '135625' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '12916' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3378' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3378) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3378) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3378)
      24.95msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12916) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12916) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12916)
      1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 135625) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 135625) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316409794 and j.to_ip >=316409794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458692 and j.to_date >= 1740458692 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 135625)
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '173' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12916 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 173
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '182' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12916 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 182
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 135625 limit 1
      9.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 135625
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 202 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458692 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458692 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 202
      • 3: 1740458692
      • 4: 1740458692
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 202 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458692 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458692 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 202
      • 3: 1740458692
      • 4: 1740458692
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='865aa2bc0a82716146d3193ffa1857d6'
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        VulyVCc7hI4JULEDxq396d2tl9VKuUNoeQRA7Z2F
        uc_cart_id
        865aa2bc0a82716146d3193ffa1857d6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/135625" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/135625
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:44:52 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZpeXZQL0NVSTU2a0J3KzVlallMdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNmYrOHl0bjArd2p6ZFkybmdGd1FJaFhKRVNSTm4vZlNuRlpUMGFsa3RsNVhSQ1R4MzJxb0VDWWFRVFFWbzlTSVQxdW8waUs3SXllUkJzNXlJS1FDWGFTU3VLVWRvaCtnVTZQT3FKSzVTRk5qNnNHS05aQ0QrRWhKYnZlSDJ3MnciLCJtYWMiOiJiMzZhYjFlYzg4OTZmMzBkZTA2MjZkZDU2MWFlZWIwNDc0N2ZkZTVmZWQyODQxZDE3OTAyMTZhM2FjMGFiOWI5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:44:52 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZpeXZQL0NVSTU2a0J3KzVlallMdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNmYrOHl0bjArd2p6ZFkybmdGd1FJaFhKRVNSTm4vZlNuRlpUMGFsa3RsNVhSQ1R4MzJxb0VDWWFRVFFWbzlTSVQxdW8wa" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJiVHVJajBBbTB0VHkzU0pEWTg4ZVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSCtQZU9QOCthR21PUlduQU54b0tPUVRyTVZjU1Awem1nNzZETVpGV2ZieHJlMFBLZy81RUxNamJFVlcyZmxFdlJVeTJyZ2JoRXgrUDJPbDZ0b2lwTDJyM25WY21HbjNrcXFsQUdIWG9JSExvaHVOV0lGK0tnb0UvUDRSKzAyNk8iLCJtYWMiOiIwMWIwZDE2MzI3YzE0YzFlNTQ0ZjQ3OTBjODJiYmIxNzE1NjhhODNkNThlOTE2MzU3MjZjNDFlMWI0MmU5MGFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJiVHVJajBBbTB0VHkzU0pEWTg4ZVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSCtQZU9QOCthR21PUlduQU54b0tPUVRyTVZjU1Awem1nNzZETVpGV2ZieHJlMFBLZy81RUxNamJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZpeXZQL0NVSTU2a0J3KzVlallMdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNmYrOHl0bjArd2p6ZFkybmdGd1FJaFhKRVNSTm4vZlNuRlpUMGFsa3RsNVhSQ1R4MzJxb0VDWWFRVFFWbzlTSVQxdW8waUs3SXllUkJzNXlJS1FDWGFTU3VLVWRvaCtnVTZQT3FKSzVTRk5qNnNHS05aQ0QrRWhKYnZlSDJ3MnciLCJtYWMiOiJiMzZhYjFlYzg4OTZmMzBkZTA2MjZkZDU2MWFlZWIwNDc0N2ZkZTVmZWQyODQxZDE3OTAyMTZhM2FjMGFiOWI5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:44:52 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZpeXZQL0NVSTU2a0J3KzVlallMdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNmYrOHl0bjArd2p6ZFkybmdGd1FJaFhKRVNSTm4vZlNuRlpUMGFsa3RsNVhSQ1R4MzJxb0VDWWFRVFFWbzlTSVQxdW8wa" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJiVHVJajBBbTB0VHkzU0pEWTg4ZVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSCtQZU9QOCthR21PUlduQU54b0tPUVRyTVZjU1Awem1nNzZETVpGV2ZieHJlMFBLZy81RUxNamJFVlcyZmxFdlJVeTJyZ2JoRXgrUDJPbDZ0b2lwTDJyM25WY21HbjNrcXFsQUdIWG9JSExvaHVOV0lGK0tnb0UvUDRSKzAyNk8iLCJtYWMiOiIwMWIwZDE2MzI3YzE0YzFlNTQ0ZjQ3OTBjODJiYmIxNzE1NjhhODNkNThlOTE2MzU3MjZjNDFlMWI0MmU5MGFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlJiVHVJajBBbTB0VHkzU0pEWTg4ZVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSCtQZU9QOCthR21PUlduQU54b0tPUVRyTVZjU1Awem1nNzZETVpGV2ZieHJlMFBLZy81RUxNamJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "VulyVCc7hI4JULEDxq396d2tl9VKuUNoeQRA7Z2F" "uc_cart_id" => "865aa2bc0a82716146d3193ffa1857d6" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/135625" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:44:52GET/article/135625414361