Pharmaceutical Suspensions: An Updated Patent Review on Novel
Suspending Agents and Recent Advancement

Prince      Kumar; Madhu      Verma

doi:10.2174/0126673878246149231010085610

Abstract

A wide variety of dosage forms are used for the oral administration of drugs to humans and animals. Apart from solid dosage forms, it also includes liquid dosage forms, such as solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. The selection is based on the physiochemical attributes of the therapeutically active ingredient. Suspensions are classified as dispersed systems that are heterogeneous in nature and consist of two phases. One phase is the continuous phase, the dispersion medium, or the external phase, which is either liquid or semisolid; the other is a solid particle dispersed in the external phase and called an internal or dispersed phase. They have several advantages over other dosage forms, such as effectively delivering hydrophobic drugs, avoiding the need for cosolvents, masking unpleasant tastes, and providing resistance to degradation and easy swallowing for young or elderly patients. They also attain higher drug concentrations compared to solution forms. This review article aims to study and explore the advantages, novel suspending agents, patent preference, and innovations of pharmaceutical suspension. It was targeted to scrutinize the literature floating in the internet domain regarding pharmaceutical suspension for delivery of drugs by oral route. The literature survey is targeted at the novel herbal suspending agents used, their patents involved, and innovations in the dosage form. Further, the study gives an insight into various aspects of suspension, such as classification of suspension, theories of suspension, various components used in suspension formulation, formulation aspect of suspension, evaluation parameters of suspension, patents, innovations, and regulatory status.

« Previous Next »

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Prasad V, De Jesús K, Mailankody S. The high price of anticancer drugs: Origins, implications, barriers, solutions. Nat Rev Clin Oncol  2017; 14(6): 381-90.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.31] [PMID:  28290490]

[2]
Reeves PT, Roesch C, Raghnaill MN. Routes of administration and dosage form 2022. Available from:  https://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/pharmacology-introduction/routes-of-administration-and-dosage-forms
          (Cited: 24th Oct 2022).
        

[3]
Tykhonov OI, Yarnykh TH, Melnyk GM, Yuryeva GB. Pharmacopoeian aspects of suspensions preparation in pharmacy conditions. Asian J Pharm  2017; 11(4): 1-8.

[4]
Georgievskii VP, Konev FA. Technology and standardization of medicines.  Kharkov 1996; pp. 98-102.

[5]
Kulshreshtha AK, Singh ON, Wall GM. Pharmaceutical Suspensions:From Formulation Development to Manufacturing.  New York: AAPS Press 2010; p. 39.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5]

[6]
Dash A, Singh S. Tolman J Pharmaceutics: Basic Principles and Application to Pharmacy Practice.  USA: Academic Press 2013; p. 392.

[7]
Subramanyam CVS. “Suspensions” Text Book of Physical Pharamaceutics 6th.  Department of Pharmaceutics SRM College of Pharmacy 2017; pp. 374-87.

[8]
Kumar S, Yagnesh TNS. Pharmaceutical Suspension: patient compliance oral dosage forms. World J Pharm Pharm Sci  2016; 5(12): 1471-537.

[9]
Gaius S. Report On Suspension  Available from:  https://www.academia.edu/44428072/Report_on_Suspension
          (Cited: 24thOct 2022).
        

[10]
Banker GS, Rhodes CT. “Dispersed systems” Modern Pharmaceutics.New York: Marcel Dekker, INC  1979; 72: pp. 345-6.

[11]
Ansel C, Allen L, Popovich NG. Disperse systemsPharmaceutical Dosage Forms & Drug Delivery Systems 8th. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2005.

[12]
Aulton ME. “Suspension” Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage Form Design. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 2002.

[13]
Martin A, Swarbrick J. Sprowl’s American Pharmacy 6th.  USA: Lippincott 1966; p. 205.

[14]
Gedar S, Kataria MK, Bilandi A, Taneja R. Advancements and patents in pharmaceutical suspension technologies. J Biol Scient Opin  2013; 1(4): 372-80.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.01420]

[15]
Doye P, Mena T, Das N. Formulation and bioavailability parameters of a pharmaceutical suspension. Int J Curr Pharm Res  2017; 9(3): 8-14.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.18892]

[16]
Wamunyima N. Pharmaceutical Suspension 2015. Available from :      https://www.slideshare.net/Muwela001/pharmaceutical-suspension
           (cited: 26th Oct 2022).
        

[17]
Singh S. Suspending agents 2016. Available from :        https://www.slideshare.net/SilviSingh1/suspending-agents
           (Cited: 28th	Oct 2022).
        

[18]
Arora K, Vats V, Verma PK. A review on pharmaceutical suspension advancement. Ann Clin Case Rep  2022; 7: 2-3.

[19]
Desale P, Nikam R, Shirsath K, et al. Pharmaceutical suspension: A review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem  2019; 8(1): 952-5.

[20]
Bibhisan HP, Ghadage SA, Jain S. A review on pharmaceutical suspension. IJCRT  2023; 11(5): 1848-54.

[21]
Malunjkar DD, Maru AD, Surana SS, Pagar PK. Pharmaceutical suspension an updated review for patient compliance with oral dosage forms. JETIR  2023; 10(1): 431-4.

[22]
Martin A. Coarse dispersionPhysical Pharmacy 4tth.  USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2001; pp. 479-81.

[23]
Hamel A, Proudlock R. Formulation of Test Article.  Genetic Toxicology Testing. Elsevier B.V. 2016; pp. 51-77.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800764-8.00003-3]

[24]
Hamel A, Proudlock R. Formulation of Test Article.  Genetic Toxicology Testing. Elsevier B.V. 2016; pp. 51-77.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800764-8.00003-3]

[25]
Shafiqah H, Fairoza F. Type of Suspending Agents  Available from :       https://nmsby.yolasite.com/resources/HHV_5014/UNIT_ 7/JULY-DEC_2017/7.6-Types%20of%20suspending%20agents.pptx 
            (Cited: 28th Oct 2022).
         

[26]
Ansel C, Allen LV, Popovich NG. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms & Drug Delivery SystemsDisperse Systems 8th.  USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2005; pp. 387-389, 398.

[27]
Aulton ME. Pharmaceutics-the science of dosage form designSuspension 2nd.  Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 2002; pp. 84-6.

[28]
Balaghi S, Mohammadifar MA, Zargaraan A, Gavlighi HA, Mohammadi M. Compositional analysis and rheological characterization of gum tragacanth exudates from six species of Iranian Astragalus. Food Hydrocoll  2011; 25(7): 1775-84.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.04.003]

[29]
Barak S, Mudgil D, Taneja S. Exudate gums: chemistry, properties and food applications: A review. J Sci Food Agric  2020; 100(7): 2828-35.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10302] [PMID:  32003002]

[30]
Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 4th. Academia 2007.

[31]
Harholt J, Suttangkakul A, Vibe Scheller H. Biosynthesis of pectin. Plant Physiol  2010; 153(2): 384-95.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.156588] [PMID:  20427466]

[32]
Willats WGT, McCartney L, Mackie W, Knox JP. Pectin: Cell biology and prospects for functional analysis. Plant Mol Biol  2001; 47(1/2): 9-27.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010662911148] [PMID:  11554482]

[33]
Mellerowicz E, Sundberg B. Wood cell walls: Biosynthesis, developmental dynamics and their implications for wood properties. Curr Opin Plant Biol  2008; 11(3): 293-300.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.003] [PMID:  18434240]

[34]
Van Buren JP. Function of pectin in plant tissue structure and firmnessThe Chemistry and Technology of Pectin 1st. USA: Academic Press 1991.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-092644-5.50006-6]

[35]
Rascón-Chu A, Díaz-Baca JA, Carvajal-Millán E, López-Franco Y, Lizardi-Mendoza J. New use for an “Old” polysaccharide: Pectin-based composite materialsHandbook of Sustainable Polymers: Structure and Chemistry.  Singapore: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd 2016; pp. 72-107.

[36]
Sundar A, Rubila S, Jayabalan R, Ranganathan TV. A review on pectin: Chemistry due to general properties of pectin and its pharmaceutical uses. Sci Rep  2012; 1: 1-4.

[37]
Endress H. Nonfood uses of pectinThe Chemistry and Technology of Pectin.  USA: Academic Press 1991; pp. 251-68.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-092644-5.50017-0]

[38]
Sánchez D, Muguerza B, Moulay L, Hernández R, Miguel M, Aleixandre A. Highly methoxylated pectin improves insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors in Zucker fatty rats. J Agric Food Chem  2008; 56(10): 3574-81.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf703598j] [PMID:  18433105]

[39]
Maxwell EG, Belshaw NJ, Waldron KW, Morris VJ. Pectin: An emerging new bioactive food polysaccharide. Trends Food Sci Technol  2012; 24(2): 64-73.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.11.002]

[40]
Rascón-Chu A, Martínez-López AL, Carvajal-Millán E, Ponce de León-Renova NE, Márquez-Escalante JA, Romo-Chacón A. Pectin from low quality ‘Golden Delicious’ apples: Composition and gelling capability. Food Chem  2009; 116(1): 101-3.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.016]

[41]
Masmoudi M, Besbes S, Abbes F, et al. Pectin extraction from lemon by-product with acidified date juice: Effect of extraction conditions on chemical composition of pectins. Food Bioprocess Technol  2012; 5(2): 687-95.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-010-0344-2]

[42]
Jew Rk, Soo-hoo W, Erush SC, Amiri E. Extemporaneous Formulations for Pediatric, Geriatric, and Special Needs Patients 3rd. Bethesda: ASHP 2010.

[43]
Nahata MC, Allen LV Jr. Extemporaneous drug formulations. Clin Ther  2008; 30(11): 2112-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.11.020] [PMID:  19108799]

[44]
Standing JF, Tuleu C. Paediatric formulations—Getting to the heart of the problem. Int J Pharm  2005; 300(1-2): 56-66.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.006] [PMID:  15979830]

[45]
Glass BD, Haywood A. Stability considerations in liquid dosage forms extemporaneously prepared from commercially available products. J Pharm Pharm Sci  2006; 9(3): 398-426.
 [PMID:  17207422]

[46]
Flávia D, Marinho M, Soares CD. Cellulose and Its Derivatives Use in the Pharmaceutical Compounding Practice. London: Intachopen 2013.

[47]
Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME. Monographs: Alginic Acid (Part A)Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 6th.  Pharmaceutical Press 2009; pp. 20-1.

[48]
Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME. Monographs: Agar Albumin (Part A)Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 6th.  Pharmaceutical Press 2009; pp. 13-4.

[49]
Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn ME. Monographs: Carbomer (Part C)Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 6th.  Pharmaceutical Press 2009; pp. 110-1.

[50]
Al-Achi A, Greenwood R, Akin-Isijola A, Bullard J. Calamine lotion: Experimenting with a new suspending agent. Int J Pharm Compd  1999; 3(6): 490-2.
 [PMID:  23985820]

[51]
Jangde R, Daharwal SJ, Sahu RK, Singh J. Formulation development and evaluation of suspension of Gatifloxacin using suspending agent. Pharmacologyonline  2011; 2: 1161-70.

[52]
Ganesan V, Sundhya KG, Remi SL. Physical stability and dissolution rate of flurbiprofen suspension employing its solid dispersions. Ind Pharmacist  2004; 3(23): 59-62.

[53]
Mann AS, Jain NK, Kharya MD. Evaluation of the suspending properties of Cassia tora mucilage on sulphadimidine suspension. Asian J Exp Sci  2007; 21(1): 63-7.

[54]
Mahore JG, Wadher KJ, Umekar MJ, Bhoyar PK. Oral controlled release bromhexine ion exchange resinates suspension formulation. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res  2000; 37: 185-9.

[55]
Ozer AY, Hincal AA. Studies on the masking of unpleasant taste of beclamide: Microencapsulation and tabletting. J Microencapsul  1990; 7(3): 327-39.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652049009021843] [PMID:  2384836]

[56]
Gebresamuel N, Gebre-Mariam T. Evaluation of the suspending properties of two local Opuntia spp. mucilages on paracetamol suspension. Pak J Pharm Sci  2013; 26(1): 23-9.
 [PMID:  23261724]

[57]
Aremu OI, Oduyela OO. Evaluation of metronidazole suspensions. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol  2015; 9(12): 439-50.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2014.4036]

[58]
Martin A, Bustamante P, Chun AHC. Physical Pharmacy 4th.  USA: Lea & Febiger 1993; pp. 426-431, 477.

[59]
Femi-Oyewo MN, Adedokun MO, Olusoga TO. Evaluation of the suspending properties of Albizia Zygia Gum on sulphadimidine suspension. Trop J Pharm Res  2004; 3(1): 279-84.

[60]
Meilgaard M, Civille CV, Carr BT. Sensory Evaluation Techniques 3rd.  Florida: Crc Press 1999; p. 416.

[61]
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health &Family Welfare Government of India, Department of Indian System	of Medicine & Homoeopathy.   Available from:    http://t27.ir/Files/121/Library/6cff78ec-ce2b-4ada-ab2f-c42b350192da.pdf
          (Cited: 01st Nov 2022).
       

[62]
Sohi H, Sultana Y, Khar RK. Taste masking technologies in oral pharmaceuticals: Recent developments and approaches. Drug Dev Ind Pharm  2004; 30(5): 429-48.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DDC-120037477] [PMID:  15244079]

[63]
Bruneton J. Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry Medicinal Plants 2nd.  New York: Lavoisier Publishing 1999; pp. 90-1.

[64]
Singh VK, Mishra VK, Maurya JK. Formulation and evaluation of cephalexine monohydrate reconstitutional oral suspension with piperine and their antibacterial activity. World J Pharm Res  2014; 3(5): 821-31.

[65]
Abuzarur-aloul R, Gjellan K, Sjolund M, Lofqvist M, Graffner C. Critical dissolution tests of oral systems based on statistically designed experiments. i. screening of critical fluids and in Vitro/In Vivo modelling of extended release coated spheres. Drug Dev Ind Pharm  1997; 23(8): 749-60.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049709150546]

[66]
Catania JS, Johnson AD.  Taste masking composition of bitter	pharmaceutical agents.  US5633006A, 1993.

[67]
Atyabi F, Sharma HL, Mohammad HAH, Fell JT. Controlled drug release from coated floating ion exchange resin beads. J Control Release  1996; 42(1): 25-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(96)01343-0]

[68]
Litwin MJ, Antoniewicz A, niemirska A, et al. Metabolic abnormalities, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in children with primary hypertension. Grenda R Am J Hypertens  2007; 20: 875-82.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.03.005] [PMID:  17679036]

[69]
Billany MR. Suspensions and EmulsionsPharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture Of Medicines 3rd.  London: Churchill Livingstone 2007; pp. 383-405.

[70]
Lalic M, Pilipovic A, Golocorbin-Kon S, et al. Comparison of dissolution profiles and serum concentrations of two lamotrigine tablet formulations. Drugs R D  2011; 11(1): 53-60.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11588260-000000000-00000] [PMID:  21410295]

[71]
Nahata MC. Lack of pediatric drug formulations. Pediatrics  1999; 104(3 Pt 2)(3): 607-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.S3.607] [PMID:  10469800]

[72]
Nadeem M, Dandiya PC, Pasha KV, Imran M, Balani DK, Vohora SB. Protective effects. Indian Drugs  1996; 60(2): 78-84.

[73]
Zografi G, Schott H, Swarbrick J. Disperse SystemsRemington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 18th.  Easton: Mack Publishing Co 1990; p. 257.

[74]
Martin A. Physical Pharmacy. 4th. USA: Philadelphia  1993; pp. 453-67.

[75]
Sweetman SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug References 34th.  London: Pharmaceutical press 2005; pp. 406-7.

[76]
Amidon GL, Lennernäs H, Shah VP, Crison JR. A Theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutical drug classification, the correlation of In vitro drug dissolution and In vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res  1995; 12(3): 413-20.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016212804288] [PMID:  7617530]

[77]
Mathur LK, Jaffe JM, Poust RI, et al. Bioavailability and dissolution behavior of trisulfapyrimidine suspensions. J Pharm Sci  1979; 68(6): 699-702.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600680611] [PMID:  458566]

[78]
Martin A, Swarbrick J, Cammarata A. Physical Pharmacy 4th.  USA: Lea and Febiger 1993; pp. 477-511.

[79]
Senthil V, Kumar RS, Venkatesh DN, Ganesh GNK, Jawahar N. Formulation and evaluation of the suspending properties of natural suspending agent on paracetamol suspension research J PharmacTechnol  2009; 719-22.

[80]
Kulshreshta AK, Singh ON, Wall GM. Pharmaceutical Suspension: From Formulation Development to Manufacturing.  USA: AAPS 2010; p. 323.

[81]
Akbuǧa J. Furosemide-loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres prepared by spherical crystallization technique: Morphology and release characteristics. Int J Pharm  1991; 76(3): 193-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(91)90271-O]

[82]
Temodar (Package Insert) Kenilworth. New Jersey: Schering Corporation 2004.

[83]
Hanson WJ. Methylcellulose composition and method. US2716072A, 1951.

[84]
Colgate Palmolive Co.. Liquid Suspending Medium for Powder Pharmaceutical Agents. GB2091553A, 1982.

[85]
Munshi MV. Thixotropic compositions easily convertible to pourable liquids. US4427681A, 1982.

[86]
Hess RHP. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers useful as suspending agents for suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride EPEP0198582A1, 1986.

[87]
Otsuka S, Kurazumi T, Imamori K, Iwasa A. Suspending Syrups. EP0468232A2, 1991.

[88]
Takada S. Suspending agent for suspension polymerization of vinyl compound. US5717044A, 1996.

[89]
Ratnaraj SM, Sunshine WL. Aqueous pharmaceutical suspension and process for preparation thereof.  US5658919A, 1996.

[90]
Selinger E, Dell SM, Colliopoulos JA, Reilly WJ Jr. MCC: alginate	pharmaceutical suspensions. US5840768A, 1997.

[91]
Saettone MF, Burgalassi S, Giannaccini B, Boldrini E, Bianchini P, Luciani G. Ophthalmic solutions viscosified with tamarind seed	polysaccharide. CA2245617A1, 1997.

[92]
Gao S, Moros D, Moldenhauer M. Ibuprofen-suspension. EP15134991, 2003.

[93]
Yadav MP, Zhang H, Luan T, Wu L.  Corn fiber gum composites	as a thickener. US20120196022A1, 2012.

[94]
Wang TC. Natural suspending agent including a synergistic blend	of xanthan gum and konjac powder for oral pharmaceutical suspensions. US20160051684A1, 2015.

[95]
Subramanyam CVS. Text Book of Physical Pharmaceutics 2nd.  Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan 2000; pp. 366-375, 379-388.

[96]
Patil VB. Nanosuspensions: A novel approach drug delivery  Available from : http://www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/ nanosuspensions-novel-approach-drug-delivery
          (23rd Nov 2022).
        

[97]
Homar M, Cegnar M, Barle EL, Peternel L, Kerc J. An aqueous	intravenous nanosuspension with reduced adverse effects. WO2011080148A2, 2011.

[98]
Chen MJ, Hui HW, Kurtulik P, Lee T, Surapaneni S.  Nanosuspensions	of a poorly soluble drug via micro fluidization process. US20110124702A1, 2011.

[99]
Runfeldt C, Scherliess H, Steckel H. Nanosuspension with antifungal	medication to be administered via inhalation with improved impurity profile and safety. EP2254562A1, 2010.

[100]
Rainer M, Robert B, Bernd K, Katrin P. Process for the preparation	of pharmaceutical nanosuspensions. EP0790821, 1997.

[101]
Georg WH, Peter VH. Nanosuspensions for intravenous application. EP0733358, 1996.

[102]
Ahire SB, Bankar VH, Gayakwad PD, Pawar SR. A review: Taste masking techniques in pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharma Sci  2012; 1645: 1646.

[103]
Badhe GU, Bhutada MP, Chandran S, Deshmukh AA, Gore BP, Kulkarni S. Taste-masked powder for suspension compositions of	methylprednisolone. WO2011101734A3, 2012.

[104]
Chen S, Guo K, Zhou J. Preparation method of taste-masked suspension	granules of gegenqinlian decoction. CN102309562A, 2012.

[105]
Oral suspension of dexamethasone acetate : Taste masking composition of dexamethasone.  WO2010119300, 2010.

[106]
Yu HZ. Taste masked suspension prescription for t reating infant	cold and method for preparing same. CN1969850A, 2007.

[107]
Tustian A, Yiv HS. Taste-masked acetaminophen suspensions and	methods of making the same. WO1995000133A1, 1995.

[108]
Gohel M, Parikh R, Popat A, Mohapatra A, Barot B, Patel C, et al. Pharmaceutical suspensions: A review 2007.  Available from:   http://www.pharmainfo.net/free-books/pharmaceutical-suspensions-review
          (Cited: 02nd Dec 2022).
        

[109]
Cheng Q, Lin Y.  Montmorillonite combined propranolol sustained-release dry suspension, preparation method thereof and	preparation method of na-montmorillonite used in propranolol sustained-	release dry suspension. CN102406616A, 2012.

[110]
Juan AU, Vilboeuf S, Claude J. Parenteral pharmaceutical formulation in suspension, having sustained release, in low and ultralow	dosage, in hormonal therapy in the li macteric syndrome. EP2520301A2, 2010.

[111]
Ge H, Jun T. Gliclazide oral sustained-release dry-mixed suspension	and preparaion method thereof. CN102028660, 2011.

[112]
Long term sustained release pharmaceutical composition containing aqueous suspension of bisphosphonate. WO2008085281A, 2008.

[113]
Bhowmik D, Harish G, Duraivel S, Kumar BP, Raghuvanshi V, Kumar KS. Nanosuspension: A novel approaches in drug delivery system. Pharma Innov  2013; 1(12): 50.

[114]
Yadav GV, Singh SR. Nanosuspension: A promising drug delivery system. Pharmacophore  2012; 3(5): 217-43.

[115]
Sprockel OL, Price JC. Evaluation of sustained release aqueous suspensions containing microencapsulated drug-resin complexes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm  1989; 15(8): 1275-87.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048909043677]

[116]
Kulshreshtha AK, Singh ON, Wall GM. The science and regulatory perspectives of pharmaceutical suspensionsPharmaceutical Suspensions: From Formulation Development to Manufacturing.  New York: AAPS Press 2010; pp. 265-84.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite

Journal Information

For Authors

For Editors

For Reviewers

Explore Articles

Open Access

Open Access Articles

For Visitors

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0126673878246149231010085610	Print ISSN 2667-3878
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 2667-3886

Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation

Pharmaceutical Suspensions: An Updated Patent Review on Novel Suspending Agents and Recent Advancement

Abstract Play Pause

Graphical Abstract

Related Journals

Related Books

Abstract