Generic placeholder image

Current Cosmetic Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-7797
ISSN (Online): 2666-7800

Mini-Review Article

Rethinking for Natural Pharmaceutical Technology: Parabens as Cosmetic Preservatives and their Potential as Chemical Endocrine Disruptors

Author(s): González Elías Exequiel, Sesto Cabral Maria Eugenia* and Moreno Maria Julieta

Volume 2, 2023

Published on: 10 July, 2023

Article ID: e180423215967 Pages: 5

DOI: 10.2174/2666779702666230418104430

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The movement of conscious consumption is growing rapidly. The idea of leaving behind synthetic products and substances that generate waste from their production to their final disposal grows and widens the gap between the old capitalist paradigm and the concept of naturism. It includes environmental awareness, taking care of our body, and the conscious choice of what we eat, wear, and use in daily life, including cosmetic products.

Objective: This study aimed to explore a new paradigm of formulation and consumption. A group of parabens was selected, and their replacement with preservatives approved for natural cosmetics was proposed. Some of the risks associated with the consumption of parabens in food, cosmetics, and medicines, were also examined. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of preservatives for the product and consumer were also discussed.

Methods: For data collection, publications in indexed journals were searched, with the keywords: parabens, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and skin conditions related to the use of parabens.

Results: Recent studies have reported that by using parabens in skin products, we create an imbalance in the skin flora. This preservative decreases the defense capacity of our first immune line and causes disorders that lead to irritation, rosacea spots, oiliness, and sectorized peeling. Furthermore, parabens are exogenous substances that alter the functions of the endocrine system and can cause adverse health effects.

Conclusion: In Argentina, compounds from the paraben family are used by many brands as preservatives, which are dangerous to health and the environment. Therefore, a conscious, sustainable, biodegradable, and cruelty-free alternative is needed to replace parabens in cosmetics.

[2]
Matwiejczuk, N.; Galicka, A.; Brzóska, M.M. Review of the safety of application of cosmetic products containing parabens. J. Appl. Toxicol., 2020, 40(1), 176-210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.3917] [PMID: 31903662]
[3]
Harvey, P.W.; Darbre, P. Endocrine disrupters and human health: Could oestrogenic chemicals in body care cosmetics adversely affect breast cancer incidence in women? J. Appl. Toxicol., 2004, 24(3), 167-176.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.978] [PMID: 15211609]
[4]
Routledge, E.J.; Parker, J.; Odum, J.; Ashby, J.; Sumpter, J.P. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1998, 153(1), 12-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8544] [PMID: 9875295]
[5]
Byford, J.R.; Shaw, L.E.; Drew, M.G.B.; Pope, G.S.; Sauer, M.J.; Darbre, P.D. Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2002, 80(1), 49-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00174-1] [PMID: 11867263]
[6]
Okubo, T.; Yokoyama, Y.; Kano, K.; Kano, I. ER-dependent estrogenic activity of parabens assessed by proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and expression of ERα and PR. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2001, 39(12), 1225-1232.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00073-4] [PMID: 11696396]
[7]
Darbre, P.D.; Byford, J.R.; Shaw, L.E.; Horton, R.A.; Pope, G.S.; Sauer, M.J. Oestrogenic activity of isobutylparaben in vitro and in vivo. J. Appl. Toxicol., 2002, 22(4), 219-226.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.860] [PMID: 12210538]
[8]
Darbre, P.D.; Byford, J.R.; Shaw, L.E.; Hall, S.; Coldham, N.G.; Pope, G.S.; Sauer, M.J. Oestrogenic activity of benzylparaben. J. Appl. Toxicol., 2003, 23(1), 43-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.886] [PMID: 12518336]
[9]
Giulivo, M.; Lopez de Alda, M.; Capri, E.; Barceló, D. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds: Their role in reproductive systems, metabolic syndrome and breast cancer. A review. Environ. Res., 2016, 151(151), 251-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.011] [PMID: 27504873]
[10]
Nowak, K.; Ratajczak-Wrona, W.; Górska, M. Jabłońska, E. Parabens and their effects on the endocrine system. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 2018, 474, 238-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.014] [PMID: 29596967]
[11]
Santoro, A.; Chianese, R.; Troisi, J.; Richards, S.; Nori, S.L.; Fasano, S.; Guida, M.; Plunk, E.; Viggiano, A.; Pierantoni, R.; Meccariello, R. Neuro-toxic and reproductive effects of BPA. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2019, 17(12), 1109-1132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666190726112101] [PMID: 31362658]
[12]
Rubin, B.S.; Bisphenol, A. An endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2011, 127(1-2), 27-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.05.002] [PMID: 21605673]
[13]
Corrales, J.; Kristofco, L.A.; Steele, W.B.; Yates, B.S.; Breed, C.S.; Williams, E.S.; Brooks, B.W. Global assessment of bisphenol a in the environment: Review and analysis of its occurrence and bioaccumulation. Dose-Response. An. Int. J., 2015, 131, 1-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325815598308]
[14]
Chianese, R.; Troisi, J.; Richards, S.; Scafuro, M.; Fasano, S.; Guida, M.; Pierantoni, R.; Meccariello, R. Bisphenol A in reproduction: Epigenetic effects. Curr. Med. Chem., 2018, 25(6), 748-770.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171009121001] [PMID: 28990514]
[15]
Nunez, A.A.; Kannan, K.; Giesy, J.P.; Fang, J.; Clemens, L.G. Effects of bisphenol A on energy balance and accumulation in brown adipose tissue in rats. Chemosphere, 2001, 42(8), 917-922.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00196-X] [PMID: 11272914]
[16]
Mallozzi, M.; Leone, C.; Manurita, F.; Bellati, F.; Caserta, D. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and endometrial cancer: An overview of recent laboratory evidence and epidemiological studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2017, 14(3), 334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030334] [PMID: 28327540]
[17]
Nowak, K. Jabłońska, E.; Radziwon, P.; Ratajczak-Wrona, W. Identification of a novel target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals: Inhibitory effect of methylparaben on human neutrophil functions. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 2020, 27(6), 6540-6548.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07388-w] [PMID: 31873886]
[18]
Ozbagcivan, O.; Akarsu, S.; Dolas, N.; Fetil, E. Contact sensitization to cosmetic series of allergens in patients with rosacea: A prospective controlled study. J. Cosmet. Dermatol., 2020, 19(1), 173-179.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12989] [PMID: 31106952]
[19]
Cashman, A.L.; Warshaw, E.M. Parabens: A review of epidemiology, structure, allergenicity, and hormonal properties. Dermatitis, 2005, 16(2), 57-66.
[PMID: 16036114]
[20]
Nakazawa, H.; Oda, H.; Fujisima, H.; Tsukioka, T.; Terasawa, J. Analysis of chlorobenzenes, parahydroxybenzoic acid esters and herbicide in human subjects using GC/MS; Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan: Tokyo, 1999, pp. 1-6.
[21]
Huang, Y.; Li, J.; Zhao, Z.; Zheng, B.; Deng, Y.; Shi, W.; Steinhoff, M.; Xie, H. Effects of skin care habits on the development of rosacea: A multi-center retrospective case-control survey in Chinese population. PLoS One, 2020, 15(4), e0231078.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231078] [PMID: 32339170]
[22]
Fisher, M.; MacPherson, S.; Braun, J.M.; Hauser, R.; Walker, M.; Feeley, M.; Mallick, R.; Bérubé, R.; Arbuckle, T.E. Paraben concentrations in maternal urine and breast milk and its association with personal care product use. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2017, 51(7), 4009-4017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04302] [PMID: 28318231]
[23]
Calafat, A.M.; Ye, X.; Wong, L.Y.; Bishop, A.M.; Needham, L.L. Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. population: NHANES 2005-2006. Environ. Health Perspect., 2010, 118(5), 679-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901560] [PMID: 20056562]
[24]
Braun, J.M.; Just, A.C.; Williams, P.L.; Smith, K.W.; Calafat, A.M.; Hauser, R. Personal care product use and urinary phthalate metabolite and paraben concentrations during pregnancy among women from a fertility clinic. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 2014, 24(5), 459-466.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2013.69] [PMID: 24149971]
[25]
Meeker, J.D.; Cantonwine, D.E.; Rivera-González, L.O.; Ferguson, K.K.; Mukherjee, B.; Calafat, A.M.; Ye, X.; Anzalota Del Toro, L.V.; Crespo-Hernández, N.; Jiménez-Vélez, B.; Alshawabkeh, A.N.; Cordero, J.F. Distribution, variability, and predictors of urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens among pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47(7), 3439-3447.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es400510g] [PMID: 23469879]
[26]
Husøy, T.; Andreassen, M.; Hjertholm, H.; Carlsen, M.H.; Norberg, N.; Sprong, C.; Papadopoulou, E.; Sakhi, A.K.; Sabaredzovic, A.; Dirven, H.A.A.M. The norwegian biomonitoring study from the EU project EuroMix: Levels of phenols and phthalates in 24-hour urine samples and exposure sources from food and personal care products. Environ. Int., 2019, 132, 105103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105103] [PMID: 31470218]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy