Abstract
Important progress in the transfer of organic reactions from solution conditions to automated solid-state synthesis was published a quarter of a century ago. Since then, ball-milling organic reactions have been slowly accepted by the chemical community as an additional synthetic tool, and the area of its application is rapidly expanding. These developments in mechanochemical synthesis are illustrated with selected literature examples.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0089-4_1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cc9960002059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/42439]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.202100085]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2000.1016]
(b) Murata, Y.; Han, A.; Komatsu, K. Mechanochemical synthesis of a novel C60 dimer connected by a germanium bridge and a single bond. Tetrahedron Lett., 2003, 44, 8199-8201.
(b) Im, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, S.; Hahn, B.; Toda, F. N-Glycosylation reactions in the solid to solid state. Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 451-452.;
(c) Rasmussen, M.O.; Axelsson, O.; Tanner, D. A Practical Procedure for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Racemic 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,1-binaphthyl. Synth. Commun., 1997, 27, 4027-4030.;
(d) Schmeyers, J.; Toda, F.; Boy, J.; Kaupp, G. Quantitative solid–solid synthesis of azomethines. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1998, 2, 989-993.;
(e) Nüchter, M.; Ondruschka, B.; Trotzki, R. Mechanochemical oxidation of organic model compounds by means of potassium permanganate. J. Prakt. Chem., 2000, 342, 720-724.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202100478] [PMID: 33835716]
(b) Do, J.L.; Friščić, T. Mechanochemistry: A Force of Synthesis. ACS Cent. Sci., 2017, 3, 13-19.;
(c) Howard, J.L.; Cao, Q.; Browne, D.L. Mechanochemistry as an emerging tool for molecular synthesis: What can it offer? Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 3080-3094.;
(d) Andersen, J.; Mack, J. Mechanochemistry and organic synthesis: From mystical to practical. Green Chem., 2018, 20, 1435-1445.;
(e) Tan, D.; Friščić, T. Mechanochemistry for organic chemists: An Update. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2018, 1, 18-33.;
(f) Štrukil, V. Mechanochemical organic synthesis: The art of making chemistry green. Synlett, 2018, 29, 1281-1288.;
(g) Wang, G.W. Mechanochemical organic synthesis. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 7668-7700.;
(h) James, S.L.; Adams, C.J.; Bolm, C.; Braga, D.; Collier, P.; Friščić, T.; Grepioni, F.; Harris, K.D.M.; Hyett, G.; Jones, W.; Krebs, A.; Mack, J.; Maini, L.; Orpen, A.G.; Parkin, I.P.; Shearouse, W.C.; Steed, J.W. Wa dell, D.C. Mechanochemistry: Opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 413-447.;
(i) Margetić, D. Mechanochemical organic reactions without the use of solvents. Kem. Ind., 2005, 54, 351-358.
(b) Margetić, D.; Štrukil, V. Mechanochemical Organic Synthesis; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2016. ;
(c) Colacino, E.; Ennas, G.; Halasz, I.; Porcheddu, A. Mechanochemistry. In: A Practical Introduction from Soft to Hard Materials; de Gruyter: Berlin, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D1CC05697B] [PMID: 35023515]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7CC03510A] [PMID: 28759078]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202116514] [PMID: 34942056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200603235] [PMID: 17051633]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402334] [PMID: 24764165]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201305928] [PMID: 24108571]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2324-2] [PMID: 30996469]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8CE01727A]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ce06582g]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D0CE00091D]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00192]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202002763] [PMID: 33428315]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202101529] [PMID: 34409746]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07320] [PMID: 33614300]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207926] [PMID: 35829718]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.065]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201402170]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cs15332g] [PMID: 22371100]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol403602j] [PMID: 24499390]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6GC03413F]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201901718]