Generic placeholder image

Current Women`s Health Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4048
ISSN (Online): 1875-6581

Meta-Analysis

COVID-19 and Pregnancy Complications: Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Author(s): Sefik Gokce and Dilsad Herkiloglu*

Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 19 May, 2023

Article ID: e310323215354 Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1573404820666230331115349

Price: $65

Abstract

Introduction: Although the number of studies conducted among pregnant women with coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing rapidly, most of the studies are small-scale. Accordingly, data on the relationship between COVID-19 and pregnancy are limited. In addition, there is limited information about which complications COVID-19 causes in pregnant women compared to the normal population, and at what rates. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the data of studies and metaanalyses on pregnancies with COVID-19, and to determine the complication rates caused by COVID- 19 in pregnancies.

Methods: Clinical, observational, or cohort studies published (or epub ahead of print) between January 2020 and December 2021 in any language were scanned in PubMed and Google Scholar. While scanning, the combinations of the terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “pregnancy”, “PROM”, or “preterm birth” were used.

Results: A total of 52 articles and data on 11088 pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis after the screening of 6166 studies. In addition, data belonging to 10 meta-analyses were examined in order to obtain additional information. In the studies covered by this meta-analysis, the rate of premature rupture of membranes was found in 16.8%; preterm birth in 10.3%; low birth weight newborns in 9.2%; maternal or fetal mortality in 3.0%, and other adverse outcomes (fetal distress or abnormal APGAR score, abortion, etc.) in 17.5%. The vertical contamination rate was found to be 2.1%.

Conclusion: The findings obtained in this meta-analysis show that COVID-19 significantly increases the maternal or fetal mortality rate in pregnant women and has a negative effect on the preterm birth rate. According to the data we have obtained, COVID-19 also causes the development of some complications, such as fetal distress. The findings also show that COVID-19 is transmitted vertically at a rate of around 2% during pregnancy.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
WHO, 2020. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/corona-virus/.
[2]
Esakandari, H.; Nabi-Afjadi, M.; Fakkari-Afjadi, J.; Farahmandian, N.; Miresmaeili, S.M.; Bahreini, E. A comprehensive review of COVID-19 characteristics. Biol. Proced. Online, 2020, 22(1), 19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12575-020-00128-2] [PMID: 32774178]
[3]
Leeper, C.; Lutzkanin, A. III Infections during pregnancy. Prim. Care, 2018, 45(3), 567-586.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.013] [PMID: 30115342]
[4]
Racicot, K.; Mor, G. Risks associated with viral infections during pregnancy. J. Clin. Invest., 2017, 127(5), 1591-1599.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI87490] [PMID: 28459427]
[5]
Silasi, M.; Cardenas, I.; Kwon, J.Y.; Racicot, K.; Aldo, P.; Mor, G. Viral infections during pregnancy. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 2015, 73(3), 199-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.12355] [PMID: 25582523]
[6]
Castro, P.; Matos, A.P.; Werner, H.; Lopes, F.P.; Tonni, G.; Araujo Júnior, E. COVID-19 and pregnancy: An overview. Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet., 2020, 42(7), 420-426.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713408] [PMID: 32559801]
[7]
Liberati, A.; Altman, D.G.; Tetzlaff, J.; Mulrow, C.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Ioannidis, J.P.A.; Clarke, M.; Devereaux, P.J.; Kleijnen, J.; Moher, D. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med., 2009, 6(7), e1000100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100] [PMID: 19621070]
[8]
Munn, Z.; Moola, S.; Lisy, K.; Riitano, D.; Tufanaru, C. Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. Int. J. Evid.-Based Healthc., 2015, 13(3), 147-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000054] [PMID: 26317388]
[9]
Jering, K.S.; Claggett, B.L.; Cunningham, J.W.; Rosenthal, N.; Vardeny, O.; Greene, M.F.; Solomon, S.D. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized women giving birth with and without COVID-19. JAMA Intern. Med., 2021, 181(5), 714-717.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.9241] [PMID: 33449067]
[10]
Kayem, G.; Lecarpentier, E.; Deruelle, P.; Bretelle, F.; Azria, E.; Blanc, J.; Bohec, C.; Bornes, M.; Ceccaldi, P.F.; Chalet, Y.; Chauleur, C.; Cordier, A.G.; Desbrière, R.; Doret, M.; Dreyfus, M.; Driessen, M.; Fermaut, M.; Gallot, D.; Garabédian, C.; Huissoud, C.; Luton, D.; Morel, O.; Perrotin, F.; Picone, O.; Rozenberg, P.; Sentilhes, L.; Sroussi, J.; Vayssière, C.; Verspyck, E.; Vivanti, A.J.; Winer, N.; Alessandrini, V.; Schmitz, T. A snapshot of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France. J. Gynecol. Obstet. Hum. Reprod., 2020, 49(7), 101826.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101826] [PMID: 32505805]
[11]
Delahoy, M.J.; Whitaker, M.; O’Halloran, A.; Chai, S.J.; Kirley, P.D.; Alden, N.; Kawasaki, B.; Meek, J.; Yousey-Hindes, K.; Anderson, E.J.; Openo, K.P.; Monroe, M.L.; Ryan, P.A.; Fox, K.; Kim, S.; Lynfield, R.; Siebman, S.; Davis, S.S.; Sosin, D.M.; Barney, G.; Muse, A.; Bennett, N.M.; Felsen, C.B.; Billing, L.M.; Shiltz, J.; Sutton, M.; West, N.; Schaffner, W.; Talbot, H.K.; George, A.; Spencer, M.; Ellington, S.; Galang, R.R.; Gilboa, S.M.; Tong, V.T.; Piasecki, A.; Brammer, L.; Fry, A.M.; Hall, A.J.; Wortham, J.M.; Kim, L.; Garg, S.; Apostol, M.; Brooks, S.; Coates, A.; Frank, L.; Heidenga, B.; Hundal, K.; Nadle, J.; Quach, S.; Roland, J.; Rosales, M.; Armistead, I.; Herlihy, R.; McLafferty, S.; Misiorski, A.; Parisi, C.; Olson, D.; Lyons, C.; Maslar, A.; Clogher, P.; Blythe, D.; Brooks, A.; Park, R.; Wilson, M.; Bye, E.; Como-Sabetti, K.; Danila, R.; Sullivan, M.; Angeles, K.M.; Christian, M.; Eisenberg, N.; Habrun, C.; Hancock, E.B.; Khanlian, S.A.; Novi, M.; Salazar-Sanchez, Y.; Dufort, E.; Spina, N.; Owusu-Dommey, A.; Markus, T.; Chatelain, R.; McCullough, L.; Ortega, J.; Price, A.; Swain, A.; Kambhampati, A.; Meador, S. Characteristics and maternal and birth outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 - COVID-NET, 13 states, March 1–August 22, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2020, 69(38), 1347-1354.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6938e1] [PMID: 32970655]
[12]
Knight, M.; Bunch, K.; Vousden, N.; Morris, E.; Simpson, N.; Gale, C.; O’Brien, P.; Quigley, M.; Brocklehurst, P.; Kurinczuk, J.J. Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study. BMJ, 2020, 369, m2107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2107] [PMID: 32513659]
[13]
Adhikari, E.H.; Moreno, W.; Zofkie, A.C.; MacDonald, L.; McIntire, D.D.; Collins, R.R.J.; Spong, C.Y. Pregnancy outcomes among women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. JAMA Netw. Open, 2020, 3(11), e2029256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29256] [PMID: 33211113]
[14]
Martínez-Perez, O.; Vouga, M.; Cruz Melguizo, S.; Forcen Acebal, L.; Panchaud, A.; Muñoz-Chápuli, M.; Baud, D. Association between mode of delivery among pregnant women with COVID-19 and maternal and neonatal outcomes in Spain. JAMA, 2020, 324(3), 296-299.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10125] [PMID: 32511673]
[15]
Khoury, R.; Bernstein, P.S.; Debolt, C.; Stone, J.; Sutton, D.M.; Simpson, L.L.; Limaye, M.A.; Roman, A.S.; Fazzari, M.; Penfield, C.A.; Ferrara, L.; Lambert, C.; Nathan, L.; Wright, R.; Bianco, A.; Wagner, B.; Goffman, D.; Gyamfi-Bannerman, C.; Schweizer, W.E.; Avila, K.; Khaksari, B.; Proehl, M.; Heitor, F.; Monro, J.; Keefe, D.L.; D’Alton, M.E.; Brodman, M.; Makhija, S.K.; Dolan, S.M. Characteristics and outcomes of 241 births to women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at five New York City Medical centers. Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 136(2), 273-282.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004025] [PMID: 32555034]
[16]
Flaherman, V.J.; Afshar, Y.; Boscardin, W.J.; Keller, R.L.; H Mardy, A.; Prahl, M.K.; T Phillips, C.; Asiodu, I.V.; Berghella, V.; Chambers, B.D.; Crear-Perry, J.; Jamieson, D.J.; Jacoby, V.L.; Gaw, S.L. Infant outcomes following maternal infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): First report from the pregnancy coronavirus outcomes registry (PRIORITY) study. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2021, 73(9), e2810-e2813.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1411] [PMID: 32947612]
[17]
Ahlberg, M.; Neovius, M.; Saltvedt, S.; Söderling, J.; Pettersson, K.; Brandkvist, C.; Stephansson, O. Association of SARS-CoV-2 test status and pregnancy outcomes. JAMA, 2020, 324(17), 1782-1785.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.19124] [PMID: 32965467]
[18]
Nayak, A.H.; Kapote, D.S.; Fonseca, M.; Chavan, N.; Mayekar, R.; Sarmalkar, M.; Bawa, A. Impact of the coronavirus infection in pregnancy: A preliminary study of 141 patients. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. India, 2020, 70(4), 256-261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13224-020-01335-3] [PMID: 32760169]
[19]
Hcini, N.; Maamri, F.; Picone, O.; Carod, J.F.; Lambert, V.; Mathieu, M.; Carles, G.; Pomar, L. Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes of large series of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies in peripartum period: A single-center prospective comparative study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2021, 257, 11-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.068] [PMID: 33310656]
[20]
Chen, L.; Li, Q.; Zheng, D.; Jiang, H.; Wei, Y.; Zou, L.; Feng, L.; Xiong, G.; Sun, G.; Wang, H.; Zhao, Y.; Qiao, J. Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382(25), e100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009226] [PMID: 32302077]
[21]
Yan, J.; Guo, J.; Fan, C.; Juan, J.; Yu, X.; Li, J.; Feng, L.; Li, C.; Chen, H.; Qiao, Y.; Lei, D.; Wang, C.; Xiong, G.; Xiao, F.; He, W.; Pang, Q.; Hu, X.; Wang, S.; Chen, D.; Zhang, Y.; Poon, L.C.; Yang, H. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 223(1), 111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.014] [PMID: 32335053]
[22]
Vivanti, A.J.; Mattern, J.; Vauloup-Fellous, C.; Jani, J.; Rigonnot, L.; El Hachem, L.; Le Gouez, A.; Desconclois, C.; Ben M’Barek, I.; Sibiude, J.; Benachi, A.; Picone, O.; Cordier, A.G. Retrospective description of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, France. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2020, 26(9), 2069-2076.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.202144] [PMID: 32633712]
[23]
Yazihan, N.; Tanacan, A.; Erol, S.A.; Anuk, A.T.; Sinaci, S.; Biriken, D.; Keskin, H.L.; Moraloglu, O.T.; Sahin, D. Comparison of VEGF‐A values between pregnant women with COVID‐19 and healthy pregnancies and its association with composite adverse outcomes. J. Med. Virol., 2021, 93(4), 2204-2209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26631] [PMID: 33107604]
[24]
Panagiotakopoulos, L.; Myers, T.R.; Gee, J.; Lipkind, H.S.; Kharbanda, E.O.; Ryan, D.S.; Williams, J.T.B.; Naleway, A.L.; Klein, N.P.; Hambidge, S.J.; Jacobsen, S.J.; Glanz, J.M.; Jackson, L.A.; Shimabukuro, T.T.; Weintraub, E.S. SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized pregnant women: Reasons for admission and pregnancy characteristics-Eight U.S. Health Care Centers, March 1-May 30, 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2020, 69(38), 1355-1359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6938e2] [PMID: 32970660]
[25]
Jenabi, E.; Bashirian, S.; Khazaei, S.; Masoumi, S. Z.; Ghelichkhani, S.; Goodarzi, F.; Mirzae, M. Pregnancy outcomes among symptomatic and asymptomatic women infected with COVID-19 in the west of Iran: A case-control study. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med., 2022, 35(24), 4695-4697.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1861599] [PMID: 33322959]
[26]
Pineles, B.L.; Alamo, I.C.; Farooq, N.; Green, J.; Blackwell, S.C.; Sibai, B.M.; Parchem, J.G. Racial-ethnic disparities and pregnancy outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection in a universally-tested cohort in Houston, Texas. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2020, 254, 329-330.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.012] [PMID: 32950276]
[27]
Savasi, V.M.; Parisi, F.; Patanè, L.; Ferrazzi, E.; Frigerio, L.; Pellegrino, A.; Spinillo, A.; Tateo, S.; Ottoboni, M.; Veronese, P.; Petraglia, F.; Vergani, P.; Facchinetti, F.; Spazzini, D.; Cetin, I. Clinical findings and disease severity in hospitalized pregnant women with coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 136(2), 252-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003979] [PMID: 32433453]
[28]
Prabhu, M.; Cagino, K.; Matthews, K.C.; Friedlander, R.L.; Glynn, S.M.; Kubiak, J.M.; Yang, Y.J.; Zhao, Z.; Baergen, R.N.; DiPace, J.I.; Razavi, A.S.; Skupski, D.W.; Snyder, J.R.; Singh, H.K.; Kalish, R.B.; Oxford, C.M.; Riley, L.E. Pregnancy and postpartum outcomes in a universally tested population for SARS‐CoV‐2 in New York city: a prospective cohort study. BJOG, 2020, 127(12), 1548-1556.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16403] [PMID: 32633022]
[29]
Cuñarro-López, Y.; Cano-Valderrama, Ó.; Pintado-Recarte, P.; Cueto-Hernández, I.; González-Garzón, B.; García-Tizón, S.; Bujan, J.; Asúnsolo, Á.; Ortega, M.A.; De León-Luis, J.A. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with suspected COVID-19 and their relationship with a negative RT-PCR result. J. Clin. Med., 2020, 9(11), 3552.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113552] [PMID: 33158175]
[30]
London, V.; McLaren, R., Jr; Atallah, F.; Cepeda, C.; McCalla, S.; Fisher, N.; Stein, J.L.; Haberman, S.; Minkoff, H. The relationship between status at presentation and outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19. Am. J. Perinatol., 2020, 37(10), 991-994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712164] [PMID: 32428964]
[31]
Yang, R.; Mei, H.; Zheng, T.; Fu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Buka, S.; Yao, X.; Tang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Qiu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Cao, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, A. Pregnant women with COVID-19 and risk of adverse birth outcomes and maternal-fetal vertical transmission: A population-based cohort study in Wuhan, China. BMC Med., 2020, 18(1), 330.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01798-1] [PMID: 33070775]
[32]
Edlow, A.G.; Li, J.Z.; Collier, A.Y.; Atyeo, C.; James, K.E.; Boatin, A.A.; Gray, K.J.; Bordt, E.A.; Shook, L.L.; Yonker, L.M.; Fasano, A.; Diouf, K.; Croul, N.; Devane, S.; Yockey, L.J.; Lima, R.; Shui, J.; Matute, J.D.; Lerou, P.H.; Akinwunmi, B.O.; Schmidt, A.; Feldman, J.; Hauser, B.M.; Caradonna, T.M.; De la Flor, D.; D’Avino, P.; Regan, J.; Corry, H.; Coxen, K.; Fajnzylber, J.; Pepin, D.; Seaman, M.S.; Barouch, D.H.; Walker, B.D.; Yu, X.G.; Kaimal, A.J.; Roberts, D.J.; Alter, G. Assessment of maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 viral load, transplacental antibody transfer, and placental pathology in pregnancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw. Open, 2020, 3(12), e2030455.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30455] [PMID: 33351086]
[33]
Brandt, J.S.; Hill, J.; Reddy, A.; Schuster, M.; Patrick, H.S.; Rosen, T.; Sauer, M.V.; Boyle, C.; Ananth, C.V. Epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: Risk factors and associations with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2021, 224(4), 389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.043] [PMID: 32986989]
[34]
Erol, S.A.; Tanacan, A.; Anuk, A.T.; Tokalioglu, E.O.; Biriken, D.; Keskin, H.L.; Moraloglu, O.T.; Yazihan, N.; Sahin, D. Evaluation of maternal serum afamin and vitamin E levels in pregnant women with COVID‐19 and its association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes. J. Med. Virol., 2021, 93(4), 2350-2358.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26725] [PMID: 33314206]
[35]
Pereira, A.; Cruz-Melguizo, S.; Adrien, M.; Fuentes, L.; Marin, E.; Perez-Medina, T. Clinical course of coronavirus disease‐2019 in pregnancy. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 2020, 99(7), 839-847.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13921] [PMID: 32441332]
[36]
Dashraath, P.; Wong, J.L.J.; Lim, M.X.K.; Lim, L.M.; Li, S.; Biswas, A.; Choolani, M.; Mattar, C.; Su, L.L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 222(6), 521-531.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021] [PMID: 32217113]
[37]
Sentilhes, L.; De Marcillac, F.; Jouffrieau, C.; Kuhn, P.; Thuet, V.; Hansmann, Y.; Ruch, Y.; Fafi-Kremer, S.; Deruelle, P. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy was associated with maternal morbidity and preterm birth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 223(6), 914.e1-914.e15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.022] [PMID: 32553908]
[38]
Wang, M.J.; Schapero, M.; Iverson, R.; Yarrington, C.D. Obstetric hemorrhage risk associated with novel COVID-19 diagnosis from a single-institution cohort in the United States. Am. J. Perinatol., 2020, 37(14), 1411-1416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718403] [PMID: 32992351]
[39]
Smithgall, M.C.; Liu-Jarin, X.; Hamele-Bena, D.; Cimic, A.; Mourad, M.; Debelenko, L.; Chen, X. Third‐trimester placentas of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐positive women: histomorphology, including viral immunohistochemistry and in‐situ hybridization. Histopathology, 2020, 77(6), 994-999.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.14215] [PMID: 32692408]
[40]
Gulersen, M.; Prasannan, L.; Tam Tam, H.; Metz, C.N.; Rochelson, B.; Meirowitz, N.; Shan, W.; Edelman, M.; Millington, K.A. Histopathologic evaluation of placentas after diagnosis of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM, 2020, 2(4), 100211.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100211] [PMID: 32838277]
[41]
Maraschini, A.; Corsi, E.; Salvatore, M.A.; Donati, S. ItOSS COVID-19 Working Group. Coronavirus and birth in Italy: results of a national population-based cohort study. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita, 2020, 56(3), 378-389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128652] [PMID: 32959805]
[42]
Lokken, E.M.; Walker, C.L.; Delaney, S.; Kachikis, A.; Kretzer, N.M.; Erickson, A.; Resnick, R.; Vanderhoeven, J.; Hwang, J.K.; Barnhart, N.; Rah, J.; McCartney, S.A.; Ma, K.K.; Huebner, E.M.; Thomas, C.; Sheng, J.S.; Paek, B.W.; Retzlaff, K.; Kline, C.R.; Munson, J.; Blain, M.; LaCourse, S.M.; Deutsch, G.; Adams Waldorf, K.M. Clinical characteristics of 46 pregnant women with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Washington State. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 223(6), 911.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.031] [PMID: 32439389]
[43]
Breslin, N.; Baptiste, C.; Gyamfi-Bannerman, C.; Miller, R.; Martinez, R.; Bernstein, K.; Ring, L.; Landau, R.; Purisch, S.; Friedman, A.M.; Fuchs, K.; Sutton, D.; Andrikopoulou, M.; Rupley, D.; Sheen, J.J.; Aubey, J.; Zork, N.; Moroz, L.; Mourad, M.; Wapner, R.; Simpson, L.L.; D’Alton, M.E.; Goffman, D. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM, 2020, 2(2), 100118.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100118] [PMID: 32292903]
[44]
Ferrazzi, E.; Frigerio, L.; Savasi, V.; Vergani, P.; Prefumo, F.; Barresi, S.; Bianchi, S.; Ciriello, E.; Facchinetti, F.; Gervasi, M.T.; Iurlaro, E.; Kustermann, A.; Mangili, G.; Mosca, F.; Patanè, L.; Spazzini, D.; Spinillo, A.; Trojano, G.; Vignali, M.; Villa, A.; Zuccotti, G.V.; Parazzini, F.; Cetin, I. Vaginal delivery in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: A retrospective analysis. BJOG, 2020, 127(9), 1116-1121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16278] [PMID: 32339382]
[45]
Díaz-Corvillón, P.; Mönckeberg, M.; Barros, A.; Illanes, S.E.; Soldati, A.; Nien, J.K.; Schepeler, M.; Caradeux, J. Routine screening for SARS CoV-2 in unselected pregnant women at delivery. PLoS One, 2020, 15(9), e0239887.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239887] [PMID: 32991621]
[46]
Zeng, L.; Xia, S.; Yuan, W.; Yan, K.; Xiao, F.; Shao, J.; Zhou, W. Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr., 2020, 174(7), 722-725.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878] [PMID: 32215598]
[47]
Wu, X.; Sun, R.; Chen, J.; Xie, Y.; Zhang, S.; Wang, X. Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID‐19 pneumonia. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 2020, 150(1), 58-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13165] [PMID: 32270479]
[48]
Antoun, L.; Taweel, N.E.; Ahmed, I.; Patni, S.; Honest, H. Maternal COVID-19 infection, clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcome: A prospective cohort study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2020, 252, 559-562.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.008] [PMID: 32732059]
[49]
Liu, W.; Wang, J.; Li, W.; Zhou, Z.; Liu, S.; Rong, Z. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Front. Med., 2020, 14(2), 193-198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0772-y] [PMID: 32285380]
[50]
Khan, S.; Jun, L.; Nawsherwan, ; Siddique, R.; Li, Y.; Han, G.; Xue, M.; Nabi, G.; Liu, J. Association of COVID-19 with pregnancy outcomes in health-care workers and general women. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2020, 26(6), 788-790.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.034] [PMID: 32278081]
[51]
Li, N.; Han, L.; Peng, M.; Lv, Y.; Ouyang, Y.; Liu, K.; Yue, L.; Li, Q.; Sun, G.; Chen, L.; Yang, L. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A case-control study. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2020, 71(16), 2035-2041.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa352] [PMID: 32249918]
[52]
Zhang, L; Jiang, Y; Wei, M Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei province. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 2020, 55(3), 166-171.
[53]
Zeng, Y.; Lin, L.; Yan, Q.; Wei, W.; Xiang Yang, B.; Huang, R.; He, F.; Chen, D. Update on clinical outcomes of women with COVID‐19 during pregnancy. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 2020, 150(2), 264-266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13236] [PMID: 32438521]
[54]
Shanes, E.D.; Mithal, L.B.; Otero, S.; Azad, H.A.; Miller, E.S.; Goldstein, J.A. Placental pathology in COVID-19. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 2020, 154(1), 23-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa089] [PMID: 32441303]
[55]
Lu, Z.; Yan, J.; Min, W. Analysis of pregnancy results of pregnant women during the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia in Hubei. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 2020, 55, 166-171.
[56]
Liu, D.; Li, L.; Wu, X.; Zheng, D.; Wang, J.; Yang, L.; Zheng, C. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: A preliminary analysis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol., 2020, 215(1), 127-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23072] [PMID: 32186894]
[57]
Liu, Y.; Chen, H.; Tang, K.; Guo, Y. Withdrawn: Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J. Infect., 2020, S0163-4453(20), 30109-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028] [PMID: 32145216]
[58]
Blitz, M.J.; Rochelson, B.; Minkoff, H.; Meirowitz, N.; Prasannan, L.; London, V.; Rafael, T.J.; Chakravarthy, S.; Bracero, L.A.; Wasden, S.W.; Pachtman Shetty, S.L.; Santandreu, O.; Chervenak, F.A.; Schwartz, B.M.; Nimaroff, M. Maternal mortality among women with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the intensive care unit. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 223(4), 595-599.e5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.020] [PMID: 32553910]
[59]
Liao, J.; He, X.; Gong, Q.; Yang, L.; Zhou, C.; Li, J. Analysis of vaginal delivery outcomes among pregnant women in Wuhan, China during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 2020, 150(1), 53-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13188] [PMID: 32350871]
[60]
Zhu, H.; Wang, L.; Fang, C.; Peng, S.; Zhang, L.; Chang, G.; Xia, S.; Zhou, W. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl. Pediatr., 2020, 9(1), 51-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06] [PMID: 32154135]
[61]
Allotey, J.; Fernandez, S.; Bonet, M.; Stallings, E.; Yap, M.; Kew, T.; Zhou, D.; Coomar, D.; Sheikh, J.; Lawson, H.; Ansari, K.; Attarde, S.; Littmoden, M.; Banjoko, A.; Barry, K.; Akande, O.; Sambamoorthi, D.; van Wely, M.; van Leeuwen, E.; Kostova, E.; Kunst, H.; Khalil, A.; Tiberi, S.; Brizuela, V.; Broutet, N.; Kara, E.; Kim, C.R.; Thorson, A.; Escuriet, R.; Gottlieb, S.; Tong, V.T.; Ellington, S.; Oladapo, O.T.; Mofenson, L.; Zamora, J.; Thangaratinam, S. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 2020, 370, m3320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3320] [PMID: 32873575]
[62]
Mullins, E.; Hudak, M.L.; Banerjee, J.; Getzlaff, T.; Townson, J.; Barnette, K.; Playle, R.; Perry, A.; Bourne, T.; Lees, C.C.; Nallapeta, S.; Mills, E.; Peers, B.; Stables, S.; Iliodromiti, S.; Armstrong, M.; Owen, H.; Mccooty, S.; Asghar, A.; Mutema, E.; Tanton, E.; Syson, J.; Thornton, D.; Goddard, J.; Goddard, J.; Romero, E.; Bray, M.; Bourke, M.; Trepte, L.; Cresswell, J.; Balling, T.; Atkinson, V.; Ajay, B.; Margarit, L.; Toure, S.; Windsor, L.; Wixted, D.; Zill-E-Huma, R.; Vasu, V.; Woodward, Z.; Hammond, B.; Hassan, W.; Gada, R.; Mason, N.; Midwif, C.; Emmet, L.; Chapman, L.; Coxon, S.; Moller-Christensen, C.; Jaleel, S.; Harrington, S.C.; Davies, R.; Knight, C.; Revell, K.; Nejad, A.; Amin, A.; Aladangady, N.; Sherris, L.; Mullins, E.; Mansfield, R.; Raven, J-L.; Martin, H.; Wyatt, C.; Robinson, K.; Javaid, M.; Sukrutha, V.; Mahdi, A.; Fayadh, A.; Swaminathan, L.; Ratcliffe, S.; Gbinigie, H.; Kausar, S.; Harrington, A.; Southam, D.; Lear, E.; Kousar, R.; Mead, J.; Black, M.; Crawford, I.; Viner, A.; Nicoll, A.; Harris, L.; Bale, N.; Rather, B.; Essien, S.; Gowans, S.; Huson, C.; Huson, C.; Barker, K.; Cantliffe, J.; Mossop, J.; Newport, R.; Susara Blunden, R.M.; Garner, Z.; Higgins, S.; Lee, F.; Watkins, K.; Tipper, J.; Anderson, M.; Everden, C.; Bressington, C.; Rand, A.; Shah, N.; Jokhi, R.; Rajeswary, J.; Millward, H.; Mackay, A.; Khunda, A.; Co-PI is Kim Hinshaw, A.A.; O’Brien, C.; McKeown, G.; Bishop, L.; Robinson, S.; Greer, S.; Heal, C.; Gorti, M.; Jones, S.; Anim-Somuah, M.; Jarvie, W.E.; Camarasa, L.; Murtha, V.; Wee, L.; Kidwai, S.; Churchill, D.; Cloherty, K.; Flood, C.; Ekladios, S.; Kermack, A.; Malarselvi, M.; Giri, V.; Liebling, R.; Satodia, P.; Radford, J.; Chester, M.; Khare, M.; Wu, P.; Halawa, S.; Perkins, D.; Arya, R.; Narayanan, S.; Sinha, B.; Meadows, E.; Grindey, J.; Brain, J.; Verma, A.; Collins, E.; Shah, A.; Pandey, B.; Hughes, R.; Dooks, E.; James, T.; Tarft, H.; Daniels, A.; Parrott, M.; Newman, T.; Thomas, A.; Davies, S.; Hollins, M.; Woodhead, A.; Takacs, F.; Stoddard, E.; Rhead, K.; Eedle, J.; Frankland, L.; Home, M.; Holroyd, K.; Sutton-Cole, A.; Keeping, V.; Singh, N.; West, A.; Kelly-Baxter, M.; Barker-Williams, K.; Jennings, J.; Upson, G.; Pike, J.; Creeth, A.; Grice, A.; Sellers, H.; Johnson, S.; Rand, J.; Hazelton, T.; Hoole, L.; Taylor, S.; Parlapalli, S.; Clarke, G.; Gross-Gibbs, K.; Edwards, A.; Smith, C.; Grant, R.; Truslove, T.; Lewin, A.; Arias, A.M.; Dunham, T.; Willis, L.; Mathew, A.; Bowdler-Hayes, M.; Perry, A.; Goodier, J.; Jenkins, E.; Keable, J.; Goodwin, G.; Clark, K.; Maternity, K.; Earnshaw, J.; Wagstff, J.; Saad, C.; Holt, S.; Hadlow, P.; Hyslop, M.; Ambler, S-J.; Virdee, S.; Mphansi, E.; Pepper, S.; Dixon, C.; Castle, G.; Clare, E.; Paulose, M.; Campbell, C.; Coke, L.; Alvarez, M.; Hardy, R.; Govind, A.; Ramshaw, A.; Carpenter, J.; Morries, K.; Ashbrook-Raby, C.; Anderson, H.; Hodgen, L.; Buck, L.; Newport, R.; Grigsby, S.; Glyn-Jones, L.; Chapman, L.; Dorning, A.; Blake, C.; Pyart, E.; Black, G.; Burnard, S.; Morgan, H.; Henry, L.; Gill, M.; Kenny, T.; O’Brien, K.; Harwood, H.; Parish, G.; Jukes, K.; Thompson, F.; Haslam, Z.; Hake, D.; Bennett, S.; Maher, S.; Watkins, E.; Ruding, E.; Vigni, D.; Lal, K.; Yelnoorkar, F.; Riches, J.; Staines, N.; Coton, Z.; Devison, L.; Marshall, C.; Netherton, K.; Lever, E.; Wellstead, S.; O’Leary, L.; Watts, R.; Hannington, R.L.A.; Brewer, F.; Prince, C.; Miller, S.; Patterson, M.; O’Rourke, A.; Hollands, H.; Cope, V.; Roughley, L.; Durnea, U.; Maudlin, L.; Riddles, L.; Cannons, V.; Townsend, K.; Williams, C.; Evans, M.; Wood, D.; Elliott, K.; Ingham, J. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID‐19: coreporting of common outcomes from PAN‐COVID and AAP‐SONPM registries. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol., 2021, 57(4), 573-581.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.23619] [PMID: 33620113]
[63]
Diriba, K.; Awulachew, E.; Getu, E. The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Med. Res., 2020, 25(1), 39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00439-w] [PMID: 32887660]
[64]
Dubey, P.; Reddy, S.Y.; Manuel, S.; Dwivedi, A.K. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 infected women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2020, 252, 490-501.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.034] [PMID: 32795828]
[65]
Elshafeey, F.; Magdi, R.; Hindi, N.; Elshebiny, M.; Farrag, N.; Mahdy, S.; Sabbour, M.; Gebril, S.; Nasser, M.; Kamel, M.; Amir, A.; Maher Emara, M.; Nabhan, A. A systematic scoping review of COVID‐19 during pregnancy and childbirth. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 2020, 150(1), 47-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13182] [PMID: 32330287]
[66]
Juan, J.; Gil, M.M.; Rong, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, H.; Poon, L.C. Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome: systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol., 2020, 56(1), 15-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.22088] [PMID: 32430957]
[67]
Gao, Y.; Ye, L.; Zhang, J.; Yin, Y.; Liu, M.; Yu, H.; Zhou, R. Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect. Dis., 2020, 20(1), 564.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05274-2] [PMID: 32746801]
[68]
Capobianco, G.; Saderi, L.; Aliberti, S.; Mondoni, M.; Piana, A.; Dessole, F.; Dessole, M.; Cherchi, P.L.; Dessole, S.; Sotgiu, G. COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2020, 252, 543-558.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006] [PMID: 32713730]
[69]
Akhtar, H.; Patel, C.; Abuelgasim, E.; Harky, A. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnancy: A systematic review. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest., 2020, 85(4), 295-306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509290] [PMID: 32728006]
[70]
Zaigham, M.; Andersson, O. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID‐19: A systematic review of 108 pregnancies. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 2020, 99(7), 823-829.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13867] [PMID: 32259279]
[71]
Melo, G.C.; Araújo, K.C.G.M. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, preterm delivery, birth weight, and vertical transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad. Saude Publica, 2020, 36(7), e00087320.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00087320] [PMID: 32696830]
[73]
Gezginc, K.; Selimoglu, R.; Yazici, F. Current management of premature rupture of membranes. Selcuk Tip Derg, 2013, 29(1), 42-48.
[74]
Mercer, B.M. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: Diagnosis and management. Clin. Perinatol., 2004, 31(4), 765-782.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2004.06.004] [PMID: 15519427]
[75]
Ziegler, E.E. 3.14 Preterm and low-birth-weight infants. World Rev. Nutr. Diet., 2015, 113, 214-217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000360342] [PMID: 25906886]
[76]
World Health Organization. Low birth weight policy brief., Available from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/globaltargets_low birthweight_policybrief.pdf
[79]
Pollock, W.; Rose, L.; Dennis, C.L. Pregnant and postpartum admissions to the intensive care unit: A systematic review. Intensive Care Med., 2010, 36(9), 1465-1474.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-010-1951-0] [PMID: 20631987]
[80]
Kadir, R.A.; Kobayashi, T.; Iba, T.; Erez, O.; Thachil, J.; Kazi, S.; Malinowski, A.K.; Othman, M. COVID‐19 coagulopathy in pregnancy: Critical review, preliminary recommendations, and ISTH registry-Communication from the ISTH SSC for women’s health. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2020, 18(11), 3086-3098.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.15072] [PMID: 32846051]
[81]
Tharmaratnam, S. Fetal distress. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2000, 14(1), 155-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beog.1999.0069] [PMID: 10789266]
[82]
Parer, J.T.; Livingston, E.G. What is fetal distress? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1990, 162(6), 1421-1427.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(90)90901-I] [PMID: 2193513]
[83]
Pettirosso, E.; Giles, M.; Cole, S.; Rees, M. COVID‐19 and pregnancy: A review of clinical characteristics, obstetric outcomes and vertical transmission. Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2020, 60(5), 640-659.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13204] [PMID: 32779193]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy