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Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-6812
ISSN (Online): 2210-6820

Research Article

Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Precipitated Silica as Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for Acetylation Reactions

Author(s): Mayura Lolage, Manohar G. Chaskar* and Anirban Ghosh*

Volume 13, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 17 April, 2023

Article ID: e160323214694 Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230316144347

Price: $65

Abstract

Introduction: Precipitated Silica has very high commercial significance in terms of ease of preparation, market volume, cost benefits and a wide range of industrial applications. The surface silanol groups of Precipitated Silica can be modified with reactive organic functional groups to achieve desired properties for specific applications, including catalysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to demonstrate sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica as a true heterogeneous catalyst in acetylation reaction, where the catalytic activity and desired product selectivity is a magnitude higher than industrial solid acid zeolite catalysts as well as similar catalysts reported in literature.

Methods: A novel and cost-effective method for the functionalization of Precipitated Silica with sulfonic acid (-SO3H) is reported, where the silica nanoparticles are first functionalized in situ with a tetrasulfide organosilane, followed by oxidation of the tetrasulfide moiety to -SO3H groups, which are grafted to the surface silanol groups through covalent linkage.

Results: CHNS analyses and XPS prove successful functionalization of -SO3H group onto the nano silica surface. The resultant material acts as a solid acid catalyst and shows exceptional activity in the acetylation of benzyl alcohol and >99% selectivity towards the desired product benzyl acetate. The resultant material can also be recycled and reused several times.

Conclusion: The following factors make sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica a new generation of solid acid catalyst; (i) higher atom economy, (ii) recyclability and reusability, and (iii) significant cost benefits with respect to industrial catalysts.

Graphical Abstract

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      • 0: 130204
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      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '130204' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.71msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 130204
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      510μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 117 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      30.52msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 117 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      6.58msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 117 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      4.65msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 130204 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 130204
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 130204 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 214694 limit 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 214694
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'NNA' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: NNA
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '130204' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '12333' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3393' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3393) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3393) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3393)
      125msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12333) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12333) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12333)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 130204) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 130204) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314549955 and j.to_ip >=314549955 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848314 and j.to_date >= 1739848314 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 130204)
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '57' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12333 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      450μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 57
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '65' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12333 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 65
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 130204 limit 1
      2.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 130204
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 117 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848314 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848314 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.23msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 117
      • 3: 1739848314
      • 4: 1739848314
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 117 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848314 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848314 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 117
      • 3: 1739848314
      • 4: 1739848314
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='6e8cf677782e13c9b6424905af50d55b'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
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        uc_cart_id
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/130204" ]
        _flash
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        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
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        status_code
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        status_text
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        format
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        request_query
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        request_headers
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:11:54GET/article/130204414361