[1]
Al-Saleh Y, Al-Daghri NM, Sabico S, et al. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: consensus statement of the GCC countries’ osteoporosis societies under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15(1): 109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00778-5] [PMID: 32700153]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00778-5] [PMID: 32700153]
[2]
Pan Arab Osteoporosis Society Guidelines for Osteoporosis Management. Pan Arab Osteoporosis Society Guidelines for Osteoporosis Management. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2017; 28(1): 27-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31138/mjr.28.1.27] [PMID: 32185251]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31138/mjr.28.1.27] [PMID: 32185251]
[3]
National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. 2010. Available from: www.nof.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/NOF_ClinicianGuide2009_v7.pdf
[4]
Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25(10): 2359-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2] [PMID: 25182228]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2] [PMID: 25182228]
[5]
International Society for Clinical Densitometry. 2013. Available from: http://www.iscd.org/official-positions/2013-iscd-official-positions-adult/
[6]
Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30(1): 3-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5] [PMID: 30324412]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5] [PMID: 30324412]
[7]
Waugh EJ, Lam MA, Hawker GA, et al. Risk factors for low bone mass in healthy 40–60 year old women: A systematic review of the literature. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20(1): 1-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0643-x] [PMID: 18523710]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0643-x] [PMID: 18523710]
[8]
Harvey NC, Glüer CC, Binkley N, et al. Trabecular bone score (TBS) as a new complementary approach for osteoporosis evaluation in clinical practice. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 78: 216-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.016] [PMID: 25988660]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.016] [PMID: 25988660]
[9]
Di Gregorio S, Del Rio L, Rodriguez-Tolra J, Bonel E, García M, Winzenrieth R. Comparison between different bone treatments on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone microarchitectural texture as assessed by the trabecular bone score (TBS). Bone 2015; 75: 138-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.062] [PMID: 25571842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.062] [PMID: 25571842]
[11]
Shoback D, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Eastell R. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Guideline Update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105(3): 587-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa048] [PMID: 32068863]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa048] [PMID: 32068863]
[12]
Barrionuevo P, Kapoor E, Asi N, et al. Efficacy of pharmacological therapies for the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women: A network meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104(5): 1623-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00192] [PMID: 30907957]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00192] [PMID: 30907957]
[13]
Tsourdi E, Zillikens MC, Meier C, et al. Fracture risk and management of discontinuation of denosumab therapy: a systematic review and position statement by ECTS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; dgaa756.
[PMID: 33103722]
[PMID: 33103722]
[14]
Qaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, et al. Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166(11): 818-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M15-1361] [PMID: 28492856]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M15-1361] [PMID: 28492856]
[15]
Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer DC, et al. Managing osteoporosis in patients on long-term bisphosphonate treatment: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31(1): 16-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2708] [PMID: 26350171]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2708] [PMID: 26350171]
[16]
Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, et al. Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Progress Report From the ASBMR-NOF Working Group on Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32(1): 3-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3039] [PMID: 27864889]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3039] [PMID: 27864889]
[17]
Greenspan SL, Bone HG, Ettinger MP, et al. Effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) on vertebral fracture and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146(5): 326-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00005] [PMID: 17339618]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00005] [PMID: 17339618]
[18]
Lewiecki EM. Romosozumab, clinical trials, and real-world care of patients with osteoporosis. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8(15): 974.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.03.196] [PMID: 32953774]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.03.196] [PMID: 32953774]
[19]
Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Shoback D. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104(5): 1595-622.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00221] [PMID: 30907953]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00221] [PMID: 30907953]
[20]
Kanis JA, Harvey NC, McCloskey E, et al. Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31(1): 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05176-3] [PMID: 31720707]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05176-3] [PMID: 31720707]
[21]
Nikolas M, Georgia N, Paraskevi K, et al. Clinical evidence of the effect of bisphosphonates on pregnancy and the infant. J Hor Mol Biol Clin Invest 2019; 40(2): 20190021-12.
[22]
Gourlay ML, Brown SA. Clinical considerations in premenopausal osteoporosis. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164(6): 603-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.6.603] [PMID: 15037488]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.6.603] [PMID: 15037488]
[23]
Watts NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP, et al. Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97(6): 1802-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3045] [PMID: 22675062]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3045] [PMID: 22675062]
[24]
Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath VK, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62(11): 1515-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20295] [PMID: 20662044]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20295] [PMID: 20662044]