Generic placeholder image

Current Hypertension Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4021
ISSN (Online): 1875-6506

Mini-Review Article

Diagnosis and Management of Supine and Nocturnal Hypertension in Orthostatic Hypotension: A Review

Author(s): Prassana Aravinthan, Trilochan Aravinthan, Aksharaa Anpalahan and Mahesan Anpalahan*

Volume 19, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 27 January, 2023

Page: [19 - 26] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666221222160649

Price: $65

Abstract

The prevalence of supine and nocturnal hypertension (S-N-HT) is high among patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH), especially in those who have a neurogenic aetiology. The evidence suggests that S-N-HT exacerbates OH, although it is unclear whether pharmacologic treatment of S-N-HT will improve OH. S-N-HT has also been associated with target organ damage. Therefore, assessment and management of S-N-HT should be an integral part of managing OH, but it is often overlooked in clinical practice.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Biaggioni I, Robertson RM. Hypertension in orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysfunction. Cardiol Clin 2002; 20(2): 291-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8651(01)00005-4] [PMID: 12119802]
[2]
Anpalahan A, Anpalahan M. Nocturnal hypertension and abnormal circadian blood pressure patterns in orthostatic hypotension. Intern Med J 2019; 49(9): 1191-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.14425] [PMID: 31507053]
[3]
Naschitz JE, Slobodin G, Elias N, Rosner I. The patient with supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension: a clinical dilemma. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82(966): 246-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2005.037457] [PMID: 16597811]
[4]
Schmidt C, Berg D, Herting , et al. Loss of nocturnal blood pressure fall in various extrapyramidal syndromes. Mov Disord 2009; 24(14): 2136-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22767] [PMID: 19768815]
[5]
Kaufmann H, Goldstein DS. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Handb Clin Neurol 2013; 117: 259-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53491-0.00021-3] [PMID: 24095131]
[6]
Fanciulli A, Jordan J, Biaggioni I, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of neurogenic supine hypertension in cardiovascular autonomic failure by the American Autonomic Society (AAS) and the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS). Clin Auton Res 2018; 28(4): 355-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-0529-8] [PMID: 29766366]
[7]
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J 2018; 39(33): 3021-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339] [PMID: 30165516]
[8]
Harianto H, Valente M, Hoetomo S, Anpalahan M. The clinical utility of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM): a review. Curr Hypertens Rev 2015; 10(4): 189-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340211004150319121321] [PMID: 25801624]
[9]
Jordan J, Biaggioni I. Diagnosis and treatment of supine hypertension in autonomic failure patients with orthostatic hypotension. J Clin Hypertens 2002; 4(2): 139-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-6175.2001.00516.x] [PMID: 11927799]
[10]
Shannon J, Jordan J, Costa F, Robertson RM, Biaggioni I. The hypertension of autonomic failure and its treatment. Hypertension 1997; 30(5): 1062-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.30.5.1062] [PMID: 9369256]
[11]
Lim TS, Lee PH, Kim HS, Yong SW. White matter hyperintensities in patients with multiple system atrophy. J Neurol 2009; 256(10): 1663-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5176-5] [PMID: 19468782]
[12]
Palma JA, Redel-Traub G, Porciuncula A, et al. The impact of supine hypertension on target organ damage and survival in patients with synucleinopathies and neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 75: 97-104.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.04.011] [PMID: 32516630]
[13]
Kim JS, Oh YS, Lee KS, Kim YI, Yang DW, Goldstein DS. Association of cognitive dysfunction with neurocirculatory abnormalities in early Parkinson disease. Neurology 2012; 79(13): 1323-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c1acd] [PMID: 22972639]
[14]
Vagaonescu TD, Saadia D, Tuhrim S, Phillips RA, Kaufmann H. Hypertensive cardiovascular damage in patients with primary autonomic failure. Lancet 2000; 355(9205): 725-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05320-9] [PMID: 10703810]
[15]
Garland EM, Gamboa A, Okamoto L, et al. Renal impairment of pure autonomic failure. Hypertension 2009; 54(5): 1057-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.136853] [PMID: 19738158]
[16]
Milazzo V, Maule S, Di Stefano C, et al. Cardiac organ damage and arterial stiffness in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2015; 66(6): 1168-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05913] [PMID: 26459422]
[17]
Wilcox CS, Aminoff MJ, Penn W. Basis of nocturnal polyuria in patients with autonomic failure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974; 37(6): 677-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.37.6.677] [PMID: 4844135]
[18]
Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Shibao C, et al. Nocturnal blood pressure dipping in the hypertension of autonomic failure. Hypertension 2009; 53(2): 363-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.124552] [PMID: 19047577]
[19]
Jordan J, Shannon JR, Pohar B, et al. Contrasting effects of vasodilators on blood pressure and sodium balance in the hypertension of autonomic failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10(1): 35-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.V10135] [PMID: 9890307]
[20]
Fagard RH, Thijs L, Staessen JA, Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA. Night–day blood pressure ratio and dipping pattern as predictors of death and cardiovascular events in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2009; 23(10): 645-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2009.9] [PMID: 19225527]
[21]
Jordan J, Tank J, Shannon JR, et al. Baroreflex buffering and susceptibility to vasoactive drugs. Circulation 2002; 105(12): 1459-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000012126.56352.FD] [PMID: 11914255]
[22]
Heusser K, Tank J, Luft FC, Jordan J. Baroreflex failure. Hypertension 2005; 45(5): 834-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000160355.93303.72] [PMID: 15837841]
[23]
Kronenberg MW, Forman MB, Onrot J, Robertson D. Enhanced left ventricular contractility in autonomic failure: Assessment using pressure-volume relations. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15(6): 1334-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80023-3] [PMID: 2158505]
[24]
Shannon JR, Jordan J, Diedrich A, et al. Sympathetically mediated hypertension in autonomic failure. Circulation 2000; 101(23): 2710-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.2710] [PMID: 10851208]
[25]
Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ, Ebert MH, Weise V. Pharmacologic distinction of different orthostatic hypotension syndromes. Neurology 1981; 31(1): 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.31.1.1] [PMID: 7192816]
[26]
Biaggioni I, Robertson RM, Robertson D. Manipulation of norepinephrine metabolism with yohimbine in the treatment of autonomic failure. J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 34(5): 418-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04981.x] [PMID: 8089252]
[27]
Arnold AC, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, et al. Angiotensin II, independent of plasma renin activity, contributes to the hypertension of autonomic failure. Hypertension 2013; 61(3): 701-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00377] [PMID: 23266540]
[28]
Biaggioni I, Garcia F, Inagami T, Haile V. Hyporeninemic normoaldosteronism in severe autonomic failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76(3): 580-6.
[PMID: 7680352]
[29]
Ferrario CM, Iyer SR, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Angiotensin (1–12) in humans with normal blood pressure and primary hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 77(3): 882-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16514] [PMID: 33461312]
[30]
Ferrario CM, Groban L, Wang H, et al. The Angiotensin-(1–12)/Chymase axis as an alternate component of the tissue renin angiotensin system. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529: 111119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2020.111119] [PMID: 33309638]
[31]
Genest J, Cantin M, Garcia R, et al. Extrarenal angiotensin-forming enzymes. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1983; 5(7-8): 1065-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10641968309048842] [PMID: 6315265]
[32]
Nguyen G, Delarue F, Burcklé C, Bouzhir L, Giller T, Sraer JD. Pivotal role of the renin/prorenin receptor in angiotensin II production and cellular responses to renin. J Clin Invest 2002; 109(11): 1417-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI0214276] [PMID: 12045255]
[33]
Bader M. Tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems: Targets for pharmacological therapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 50(1): 439-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105610] [PMID: 20055710]
[34]
Arnold AC, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, et al. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation contributes to the supine hypertension of autonomic failure. Hypertension 2016; 67(2): 424-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06617] [PMID: 26644241]
[35]
Bickelmann AG, Lippschutz EJ, Brunjes CF. Hemodynamics of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 1961; 30(1): 26-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(61)90061-4]
[36]
Wilcox CS, Puritz R, Lightman SL, Bannister R, Aminoff MJ. Plasma volume regulation in patients with progressive autonomic failure during changes in salt intake or posture. J Lab Clin Med 1984; 104(3): 331-9.
[PMID: 6470562]
[37]
Gamboa A, Shibao C, Diedrich A, et al. Excessive nitric oxide function and blood pressure regulation in patients with autonomic failure. Hypertension 2008; 51(6): 1531-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.105171] [PMID: 18426998]
[38]
Chisholm P, Anpalahan M. Orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and the paradox of supine hypertension. Intern Med J 2017; 47(4): 370-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.13171] [PMID: 27389479]
[39]
Parati G, Stergiou GS, Asmar R, et al. European Society of Hypertension Practice Guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24(12): 779-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.54] [PMID: 20520631]
[40]
Thakkar HV, Pope A, Anpalahan M. Masked hypertension: a systematic review. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29(1): 102-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2019.08.006] [PMID: 31477513]
[41]
Voichanski S, Grossman C, Leibowitz A, et al. Orthostatic hypotension is associated with nocturnal change in systolic blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25(2): 159-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2011.191] [PMID: 22012209]
[42]
Ejaz AA, Haley WE, Wasiluk A, Meschia JF, Fitzpatrick PM. Characteristics of 100 consecutive patients presenting with orthostatic hypotension. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79(7): 890-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/79.7.890] [PMID: 15244385]
[43]
Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Kaufmann H. Is ambulatory blood pressure monitoring useful in patients with chronic autonomic failure? Clin Auton Res 2014; 24(4): 189-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-014-0229-y] [PMID: 24710680]
[44]
Vallelonga F, Romagnolo A, Merola A, et al. Detection of orthostatic hypotension with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in parkinson’s disease. Hypertens Res 2019; 42(10): 1552-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-019-0267-x] [PMID: 31118487]
[45]
Asayama K, Fujiwara T, Hoshide S, et al. Nocturnal blood pressure measured by home devices. J Hypertens 2019; 37(5): 905-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001987] [PMID: 30394982]
[46]
Kamaruzzaman S, Watt H, Carson C, Ebrahim S. The association between orthostatic hypotension and medication use in the British Women’s Heart and Health Study. Age Ageing 2010; 39(1): 51-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp192] [PMID: 19897539]
[47]
Gangavati A, Hajjar I, Quach L, et al. Hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population: the maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly of Boston study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59(3): 383-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03317.x] [PMID: 21391928]
[48]
Wright JT Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood pressure control. N Engl J Med 2015; 373(22): 2103-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1511939] [PMID: 26551272]
[49]
Sharabi Y, Goldstein DS. Mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci 2011; 310(1-2): 123-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.06.047] [PMID: 21762927]
[50]
Harkel ADJT, Lieshout JJ, Wieling W. Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with sleeping in the head-up tilt position, alone and in combination with fludrocortisone. J Intern Med 1992; 232(2): 139-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00563.x] [PMID: 1506810]
[51]
Chaudhuri KR, Maule S, Thomaides T, Pavitt D, Mathias CJ. Alcohol ingestion lowers supine blood pressure, causes splanchnic vasodilatation and worsens postural hypotension in primary autonomic failure. J Neurol 1993; 241(3): 145-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00868341] [PMID: 8164016]
[52]
Shannon JR, Jordan J, Robertson D. Blood pressure in autonomic failure: drinks, meals and other ordeals. Clin Sci (Lond) 1998; 94(1): 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0940005] [PMID: 9505860]
[53]
Jordan J, Shannon JR, Grogan E, Biaggioni I, Robertson D. A potent pressor response elicited by drinking water. Lancet 1999; 353(9154): 723.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)99015-3] [PMID: 10073520]
[54]
Jordan J, Shannon JR, Biaggioni I, Norman R, Black BK, Robertson D. Contrasting actions of pressor agents in severe autonomic failure. Am J Med 1998; 105(2): 116-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00193-4] [PMID: 9727818]
[55]
Shibao C, Gamboa A, Abraham R, et al. Clonidine for the treatment of supine hypertension and pressure natriuresis in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2006; 47(3): 522-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000199982.71858.11] [PMID: 16391172]
[56]
Kooner JS, Raimbach S, Bannister R, Peart S, Mathias CJ. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition lowers blood pressure in patients with primary autonomic failure independently of plasma renin levels and sympathetic nervous activity. J Hypertens 1989; 7(6): S42-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198900076-00018] [PMID: 2698948]
[57]
Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, Shibao CA, et al. Nebivolol, but not metoprolol, lowers blood pressure in nitric oxide-sensitive human hypertension. Hypertension 2014; 64(6): 1241-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04116] [PMID: 25267802]
[58]
Yang WY, Melgarejo JD, Thijs L, et al. Association of office and ambulatory blood pressure with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. JAMA 2019; 322(5): 409-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.9811] [PMID: 31386134]
[59]
Gibbons CH, Schmidt P, Biaggioni I, et al. The recommendations of a consensus panel for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and associated supine hypertension. J Neurol 2017; 264(8): 1567-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8375-x] [PMID: 28050656]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy