Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-5501
ISSN (Online): 2211-551X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Viral Infectivity Inhibition and Viral Biological Elements Destruction using Safe and Low Power Electrons Generated by Life Restoration Device (LRD): An In Vitro Study

Author(s): Waleed Ezzat Madboly* and Ahmed M. Abu-Dief

Volume 11, Issue 2, 2022

Published on: 13 October, 2022

Page: [158 - 171] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/2211550111666220830123424

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Recently, different side effects have been observed after using antiviral drugs before activation of the immune system. Therefore, it is very important to use effective and non-invasive therapy with fewer side effects for infected virus treatment.

Methods: In this study, we designated a new device termed a Life Restoration Device (LRD). The main function of LRD is to generate electric frequencies with lower and safer potential. These frequencies can effectively destroy the biological elements in the viruses, such as nucleic acid materials and viral cell membranes, but not the cellular plasma membrane of the infected eukaryotic cells.

Results: A designated glass tube was prepared for this purpose. The infected cell culture was located in the cell culture media, and propagated viruses were poured into the glass tube. Additionally, two nickel-coated copper rods were inserted into both ends of the tube inside the cell culture media. Afterward, the two nickel-coated copper rods were connected to the LRD. Using LRD, lower potential electric frequencies were generated and applied for 30 min and 60 min time points. The treatment of the cell culture containing MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with LRD for 30 min significantly reduced the viral infectivity by 83% and 22%, respectively. After 60 min of treatment with LRD, the infectivity of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses was reduced by 21% and 1%, respectively. Furthermore, HIV and HBV-infected blood showed a 95.5% and 100% viral inhibition rate after 2 h exposure to LRD. Additionally, based on the results of the electron microscopy of treated H5N1 virus and western blot analysis data of different types of viruses, the nucleic acid components of the treated viruses were reduced compared to the non-treated viruses. The low-power electric frequencies produced by LRD can reduce the fluidi ty and osmosis of the viral envelope but not the plasma membrane of the infected cells.

Conclusion: Treatment of different types of pathogenic viruses with electric stimulation produced by LRD is a new alternative to safe therapy but needs further investigations. The results of this study are important to develop an effective, safe, and alternative viral therapy.

Keywords: Life Restoration Device (LRD), codified ions, human viruses, MERS-CoV, SARs-Cov 2, HIV-1, HBV viral extermination

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Sharp PM, Simmonds P. Evaluating the evidence for vi-rus/host co-evolution. Curr Opin Virol 2011; 1(5): 436-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.018] [PMID: 22440848]
[2]
Simmonds P, Aiewsakun P. Virus classification - where do you draw the line? Arch Virol 2018; 163(8): 2037-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3938-z] [PMID: 30039318]
[3]
Breiman RF, Cosmas L, Njenga M, et al. Severe acute respira-tory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007-2011. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15(1): 95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-0827-x] [PMID: 25879805]
[4]
Peiris M. Pathogenesis of avian flu H5N1 and SARS. Novartis Found Symp 2006; 56-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470035399.ch5]
[5]
Itamura S. SARS, pandemic influenza, avian influenza: Quest for missing link. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2004; 49(6): 772-80.
[PMID: 15160886]
[6]
Chutinimitkul S, Payungporn S, Chieochansin T, Suwanna-karn K, Theamboonlers A, Poovorawan Y. The spread of avi-an influenza H5N1 virus; a pandemic threat to mankind. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89 (Suppl. 3): S218-33.
[PMID: 17722309]
[7]
Frattini S, Maccagni G, Italia L, Metra M, Danzi GB. Corona-virus disease 2019 and cardiovascular implications. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2020; 21(10): 725-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000001068] [PMID: 32858623]
[8]
Bleibtreu A, Bertine M, Bertin C, Houhou-Fidouh N, Visseaux B. Focus on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Med Mal Infect 2020; 50(3): 243-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2019.10.004] [PMID: 31727466]
[9]
Ornoy A, Tenenbaum A. Pregnancy outcome following infec-tions by coxsackie, echo, measles, mumps, hepatitis, polio and encephalitis viruses. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 21(4): 446-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.12.007] [PMID: 16480851]
[10]
Whitley RJ. Herpes simplex virus infection. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2002; 13(1): 6-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/spid.2002.29752] [PMID: 12118847]
[11]
Ruben FL. Inactivated influenza virus vaccines in children. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38(5): 678-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/382883] [PMID: 14986252]
[12]
Razonable RR. Antiviral drugs for viruses other than human immunodeficiency virus. Mayo Clin Proc 2011; 86(10): 1009-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2011.0309] [PMID: 21964179]
[13]
Hart H, Reid K, Hart W. Inactivation of viruses during ultra-violet light treatment of human intravenous immunoglobulin and albumin. Vox Sang 1993; 64(2): 82-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1993.tb02523.x] [PMID: 8384394]
[14]
Roberts P, Hope A. Virus inactivation by high intensity broad spectrum pulsed light. J Virol Methods 2003; 110(1): 61-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00098-3] [PMID: 12757921]
[15]
Kumagai E, Tominaga M, Nagaishi S, Harada S. Effect of electrical stimulation on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infectivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77(4): 947-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1214-3] [PMID: 17940763]
[16]
Kumagai E, Tominaga M, Harada S. Sensitivity of chronically HIV-1 infected HeLa cells to electrical stimulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 63(6): 754-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1410-8] [PMID: 12908087]
[17]
Tominaga M, Kumagai E, Harada S. Effect of electrical stimu-lation on HIV-1-infected HeLa cells cultured on an electrode surface. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 61(5-6): 447-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1225-7] [PMID: 12764558]
[18]
Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Allwadhi S, et al. Potential of elec-tric stimulation for the management of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144: 110259.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110259]
[19]
Kwong AD, Frenkel N. Herpes simplex virus amplicon: effect of size on replication of constructed defective genomes con-taining eucaryotic DNA sequences. J Virol 1984; 51(3): 595-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.51.3.595-603.1984] [PMID: 6088785]
[20]
Karakus U, Crameri M, Lanz C, Yángüez E. Propagation and titration of influenza viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1836: 59-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_4] [PMID: 30151569]
[21]
Mendoza EJ, Manguiat K, Wood H, Drebot M. Two detailed plaque assay protocols for the quantification of infectious SARS-CoV-2. Curr Protoc Microbiol 2020; 57(1): ecpmc105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmc.105]
[22]
Hayden FG, Cote KM, Douglas RG Jr. Plaque inhibition assay for drug susceptibility testing of influenza viruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980; 17(5): 865-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.17.5.865] [PMID: 7396473]
[23]
Morrissey JH. Silver stain for proteins in polyacrylamide gels: A modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Anal Biochem 1981; 117(2): 307-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(81)90783-1] [PMID: 6172996]
[24]
Perico L, Benigni A, Casiraghi F, Ng LFP, Renia L, Remuzzi G. Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced co-agulopathy in COVID-19. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17(1): 46-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4] [PMID: 33077917]
[25]
Kaniusas E, Szeles JC, Kampusch S, et al. Non-invasive au-ricular vagus nerve stimulation as a potential treatment for COVID19-originated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 11: 890.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00890] [PMID: 32848845]
[26]
Kumagai E, Tominaga M, Harada S. Sensitivity to electrical stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and MAGIC-5 cells. AMB Express 2011; 1(1): 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2191-0855-1-23] [PMID: 21906386]
[27]
Kojima J, Shinohara H, Ikariyama Y, Aizawa M, Nagaike K, Morioka S. Electrically controlled proliferation of human car-cinoma cells cultured on the surface of an electrode. J Biotechnol 1991; 18(1-2): 129-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(91)90241-M] [PMID: 1367098]
[28]
Harada S, Yusa K, Monde K, Akaike T, Maeda Y. Influence of membrane fluidity on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 329(2): 480-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.007] [PMID: 15737612]
[29]
Hawes PC, Netherton CL, Wileman TE, Monaghan P. The envelope of intracellular African swine fever virus is com-posed of a single lipid bilayer. J Virol 2008; 82(16): 7905-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00194-08] [PMID: 18550658]
[30]
Nicolson GL. Update of the 1972 singer-nicolson fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure. Discoveries (Craiova) 2013; 1(1): 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15190/d.2013.3]
[31]
Lande MB, Donovan JM, Zeidel ML. The relationship be-tween membrane fluidity and permeabilities to water, solutes, ammonia, and protons. J Gen Physiol 1995; 106(1): 67-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.106.1.67] [PMID: 7494139]
[32]
Muller CP, Volloch Z, Shinitzky M. Correlation between cell density, membrane fluidity, and the availability of transferrin receptors in Friend erythroleukemic cells. Cell Biophys 1980; 2(3): 233-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02790451] [PMID: 6159095]
[33]
Cunha BA. Antibiotic side effects. Med Clin North Am 2001; 85(1): 149-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-7125(05)70309-6] [PMID: 11190350]
[34]
Cono J, Casey CG, Bell DM. Smallpox vaccination and ad-verse reactions. Guidance for clinicians. MMWR Recomm Rep 2003; 52(RR-4): 1-28.
[PMID: 12617510]
[35]
Serena E, Figallo E, Tandon N, et al. Electrical stimulation of human embryonic stem cells: Cardiac differentiation and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315(20): 3611-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.08.015] [PMID: 19720058]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy