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CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5273
ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

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Review Article

Hyperglycaemic Metabolic Complications of Ischemic Brain: Current Therapeutics, Anti-Diabetics and Stem Cell Therapy

Author(s): Vishal Chavda and Snehal Patel*

Volume 22, Issue 6, 2023

Published on: 26 August, 2022

Page: [832 - 856] Pages: 25

DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220609200852

open access plus

Abstract

Stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Diabetes alters the endothelial function and disrupts brain pathways, resulting in a variety of systemic metabolic complications. Diabetics not only have impaired neurotransmission, but also have progressive neurodegeneration, which leads to long-term neurological complications. Diabetes risk factors and physiology alter the frequency and severity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, necessitating more hospitalizations. Stroke and diabetes have a mutually reinforcing relationship that worsens their outcomes. Diabetes has far-reaching systemic consequences for human physiology as a metabolic syndrome. As a result, diabetic stroke patients require dual-therapeutics with dual protection. Scientific researchers have made tremendous progress in diabetes-related stroke and its therapeutics over the last few decades. We have summarised diabetic brain and associated risk factors, co-morbidities, biomarkers, and hyperglycemia-associated neurovascular insult and cognitive demur. In addition to providing an overview of the effects of hyperglycaemia on brain physiology, this article aims to summarise the evidence from current glucose-lowering treatment, recent advances in stroke therapeutics as well as exploring stem cell therapy in the management of diabetes-associated stroke.

Keywords: Cerebrovascular stroke, diabetes, neurovascular complications, Hyperglycaemia, ischemic insult, neurodegeneration.

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