Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Women`s Health Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4048
ISSN (Online): 1875-6581

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Relationship between Experience of Antepartum Intervention and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Childbirth: A Prospective Study

Author(s): Sedigheh Abdollahpour, Mona Larki, Najme Rajabi and Elham Azmoude*

Volume 19, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 27 April, 2022

Article ID: e260122200522 Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573404818666220126141830

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Childbirth is an important event in a woman’s life. Adverse childbirth experiences may lead to negative psychological reactions and disturb the mother’s mental health during the postpartum period.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to assess the relationship between experiences of antepartum intervention and post-traumatic stress symptoms in mothers following childbirth.

Methods: The study sample comprised 176 Iranian women, who were under assessment for 8 weeks postpartum. Current Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms (PTSD) were assessed through the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 19.0), and the adjusted odds ratios (ODs) were estimated by binary logistic regression.

Results: Based on the obtained results, 38.3% (N = 62) of the women appeared to be at risk of developing PTSD symptoms. The mean ± SD score of PTSD symptoms was obtained at 22.51 ± 12.04 (0-65). The results showed that women in the PTSD group underwent more obstetric interventions (P = 0.002) and experienced more childbirth pain (P = 0.048), compared to women without PTSD, during childbirth. Insertion of sublingual or vaginal prostaglandin tablets, experiencing episiotomy incision, perineal/labial/vaginal sutures, and artificial rupture of amniotic membranes correlated significantly with PTSD symptoms (P < 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis confirmed that the rate of obstetric interventions was the significant predictor of PTSD after childbirth (OD = 1.284; P = 0.008).

Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the enhanced understanding of healthcare providers of obstetric intervention consequences may prevent postpartum PTSD through the provision of physiological delivery and supportive care during labor.

Keywords: Antepartum, childbirth, delivery, post-traumatic stress disorder, pregnancy, trauma.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Abdollahpour, S.; Mousavi, S.A.; Motaghi, Z.; Keramat, A.; Khosravi, A. Prevalence and risk factors for developing traumatic childbirth in Iran. J. Public Health (Bangkok), 2017, 25(3), 275-280.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0783-y]
[2]
Beck, C.T. Middle range theory of traumatic childbirth: The ever-widening ripple effect. Glob. Qual. Nurs. Res., 2015, 2, 2333393615575313.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393615575313] [PMID: 28462301]
[3]
Abdollahpour, S.; Mousavi, S.A.; Esmaily, H.; Khosrav, A. Perceived psychological traumatic childbirth in Iranian mothers: Diagnostic value of coping strategies. Osong Public Health Res. Perspect., 2019, 10(2), 72-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.2.05] [PMID: 31065533]
[4]
Abdollahpour, S.; Motaghi, Z. Lived traumatic childbirth experiences of newly delivered mothers admitted to the postpartum ward: A phenomenological study. J. Caring Sci., 2019, 8(1), 23-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2019.004] [PMID: 30915310]
[5]
de Graaff, L.F.; Honig, A.; van Pampus, M.G.; Stramrood, C.A.I. Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth and traumatic birth experiences: A systematic review. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 2018, 97(6), 648-656.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13291] [PMID: 29336486]
[6]
Sentilhes, L.; Maillard, F.; Brun, S.; Madar, H.; Merlot, B.; Goffinet, F.; Deneux-Tharaux, C. Risk factors for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder development one year after vaginal delivery: A prospective, observational study. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 8724.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09314-x] [PMID: 28821837]
[7]
Association, A.P. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®); American Psychiatric Pub, 2013. Available from: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596]
[8]
Schobinger, E.; Stuijfzand, S.; Horsch, A. Acute and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in mothers and fathers following childbirth: A prospective cohort study. Front. Psychiatry, 2020, 11, 562054.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.562054] [PMID: 33414729]
[9]
Asadzadeh, L.; Jafari, E.; Kharaghani, R.; Taremian, F. Effectiveness of midwife-led brief counseling intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms of women experiencing a traumatic childbirth: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020, 20(1), 142.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-2826-1] [PMID: 32138707]
[10]
Grekin, R.; O’Hara, M.W. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev., 2014, 34(5), 389-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.003] [PMID: 24952134]
[11]
Abdollahpour, S.; Keramat, A.; Mousavi, S.A.; Khosravi, A. The Effect of debriefing and brief cognitive-behavioral therapy on postpartum depression in traumatic childbirth: A randomized clinical trial. J. Midwifery Reproducti. Health, 2018, 6(1), 1122-1131.
[12]
Söderquist, J.; Wijma, B.; Thorbert, G.; Wijma, K. Risk factors in pregnancy for post-traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG, 2009, 116(5), 672-680.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02083.x] [PMID: 19220236]
[13]
Hernández-Martínez, A.; Rodríguez-Almagro, J.; Molina-Alarcón, M.; Infante-Torres, N.; Rubio-Álvarez, A.; Martínez-Galiano, J.M. Perinatal factors related to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms 1-5 years following birth. Women Birth, 2020, 33(2), e129-e135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.03.008] [PMID: 30954482]
[14]
Ayers, S.; Wright, D.B.; Ford, E. Hyperarousal symptoms after traumatic and nontraumatic births. J. Reprod. Infant Psychol., 2015, 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2015.1004164]
[15]
Abdollahpour, S.; Bolbolhaghighi, N.; Khosravi, A. Effect of the sacred hour on postnatal depression in traumatic childbirth: A randomized controlled trial. J. Caring Sci., 2019, 8(2), 69-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2019.010] [PMID: 31249815]
[16]
Abdollahpour, S.; Bolbolhaghighi, N.; Khosravi, A. The effect of early skin-to-skin contact on the mental health of mothers in traumatic childbirths. Int. J. Health Studies, 2017, 2(4)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v214.147]
[17]
Alder, J.; Stadlmayr, W.; Tschudin, S.; Bitzer, J. Post-traumatic symptoms after childbirth: What should we offer? J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2006, 27(2), 107-112.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01674820600714632] [PMID: 16808085]
[18]
Lapp, L.K.; Agbokou, C.; Peretti, C-S.; Ferreri, F. Management of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: A review. J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2010, 31(3), 113-122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2010.503330] [PMID: 20653342]
[19]
Beck, C.T.; Watson, S. Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: A tale of two pathways. Nurs. Res., 2008, 57(4), 228-236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000313494.87282.90] [PMID: 18641491]
[20]
McDonald, S.; Slade, P.; Spiby, H.; Iles, J. Post-traumatic stress symptoms, parenting stress and mother-child relationships following childbirth and at 2 years postpartum. J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2011, 32(3), 141-146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2011.596962] [PMID: 21824044]
[21]
Andersen, L.B.; Melvaer, L.B.; Videbech, P.; Lamont, R.F.; Joergensen, J.S. Risk factors for developing post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: A systematic review. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 2012, 91(11), 1261-1272.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01476.x] [PMID: 22670573]
[22]
Tschudin, S.; Alder, J.; Hendriksen, S.; Bitzer, J.; Popp, K.A.; Zanetti, R.; Hösli, I.; Holzgreve, W.; Geissbühler, V. Pregnant women’s perception of cesarean section on demand. J. Perinat. Med., 2009, 37(3), 251-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/JPM.2009.042] [PMID: 19196209]
[23]
Ayers, S.; Bond, R.; Bertullies, S.; Wijma, K. The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychol. Med., 2016, 46(6), 1121-1134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002706] [PMID: 26878223]
[24]
Olde, E.; Kleber, R.; Hart, O.; Pop, V. Childbirth and posttraumatic stress responses: A validation study of the Dutch impact of event scale-revised. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess., 2006, 22(4), 259-267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.4.259]
[25]
Clement, S.; Wilson, J.; Sikorski, J. The development of an intrapartum intervention score based on women's experiences. J. Rep. Infant Psychol., 1999, 17(1), 53-62.
[26]
Modarres, M.; Afrasiabi, S.; Rahnama, P.; Montazeri, A. Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2012, 12, 88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-88] [PMID: 22938705]
[27]
Hernández-Martínez, A.; Rodríguez-Almagro, J.; Molina-Alarcón, M.; Infante-Torres, N.; Donate Manzanares, M.; Martínez-Galiano, J.M. Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: Associated perinatal factors and quality of life. J. Affect. Disord., 2019, 249, 143-150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.042] [PMID: 30772741]
[28]
Ford, E.; Ayers, S. Support during birth interacts with prior trauma and birth intervention to predict postnatal post-traumatic stress symptoms. Psychol. Health, 2011, 26(12), 1553-1570.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2010.533770] [PMID: 21598181]
[29]
Soet, J.E.; Brack, G.A.; DiIorio, C. Prevalence and predictors of women’s experience of psychological trauma during childbirth. Birth, 2003, 30(1), 36-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-536X.2003.00215.x] [PMID: 12581038]
[30]
Dikmen-Yildiz, P.; Ayers, S.; Phillips, L. Factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) 4-6 weeks and 6 months after birth: A longitudinal population-based study. J. Affect. Disord., 2017, 221, 238-245.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.049] [PMID: 28654849]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
4
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy