Abstract
The process of preservation of various food sources, over time, gave rise to fermented foods. Traditionally, each ethnic group has its distinct fermented food(s) incorporated into their diet, both as culinary enjoyment and nutrition. Fermentation increases nutrient availability and enhances the texture and flavor of the original food. The benefits of fermented food consumption and potential probiotic intake are discussed in this review. The review describes mechanism(s) of action of bioactive components from fermented foods on the human system, their role in health management, and an overview of the role of fermented foods in improving diseases, namely obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hematological cancers, and radiation-induced diarrhea in cancer patients and allergies are briefly reviewed.
Keywords: Fermented foods, nutrients, fermentative microbes, functional foods, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2016.02.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.21087-1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0430-9] [PMID: 28871480]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00377] [PMID: 27047484]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408390903569640] [PMID: 21390945]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.034] [PMID: 25815984]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401313666170220123337]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(94)90094-9]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201100179]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2016.11.013]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4040090]
[PMID: 25400136]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12145]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00012-0]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126839] [PMID: 32334314]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12098]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02278] [PMID: 30374334]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00934-13] [PMID: 23793641]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01493] [PMID: 27733844]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1501.01019] [PMID: 25674806]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5513-1] [PMID: 24419800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00186.x] [PMID: 16553862]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf991333m] [PMID: 10888589]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408399709527797] [PMID: 9447270]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.12.026] [PMID: 21296446]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7565] [PMID: 31534844]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00067-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/591869]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070700710736534]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408390903579029] [PMID: 21390946]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822013000200001] [PMID: 24294220]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J133v04n03_07]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7019286] [PMID: 32565815]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813820866.ch18]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02097.x] [PMID: 14633044]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21660/2019.56.4583]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.942791] [PMID: 25756802]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802309-9.00024-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2003.11.008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2004.03.008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.08.009] [PMID: 28927834]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02677023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.057]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.05.007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2012.687369] [PMID: 22594820]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.033]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0445-6] [PMID: 24426023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2011.02.006] [PMID: 21569950]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2014.05.002]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.009] [PMID: 15193807]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.3664-3673.2000] [PMID: 10966374]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2015.1110201]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007740070023] [PMID: 10874601]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2012.17.1.078] [PMID: 24471066]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7648-2_7]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.905] [PMID: 31024693]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0156-5] [PMID: 18974963]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.3083] [PMID: 24456350]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31006-3] [PMID: 30135492]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03853.x] [PMID: 18801055]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.1741]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011737107] [PMID: 20921388]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-011-9589-y] [PMID: 21660519]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6158] [PMID: 23553618]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.017]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-9-68] [PMID: 19019236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3793/jaam.6.60]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100164] [PMID: 20622429]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.11.1.2]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219451110] [PMID: 23671105]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00503] [PMID: 26778967]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118823309]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030547] [PMID: 30836671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2013.03.001] [PMID: 23541150]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12820] [PMID: 24336217]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.13] [PMID: 26953599]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8943] [PMID: 25864056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.3073] [PMID: 24456356]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00761-7] [PMID: 31352653]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.14689] [PMID: 29722430]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.011] [PMID: 27916707]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7734] [PMID: 25828455]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19793-8] [PMID: 33244003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215927110] [PMID: 23401498]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00502] [PMID: 30972037]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.376] [PMID: 15972671]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mi.2011.8] [PMID: 21451502]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.9.5398] [PMID: 15494486]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.10.5750-5758.2004] [PMID: 15385474]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.3181] [PMID: 27370793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00327.2009] [PMID: 20224007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.02.056] [PMID: 17408640]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0b013e328333d751] [PMID: 19901833]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-1403] [PMID: 18305141]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.048] [PMID: 28192102]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.3.534] [PMID: 18326589]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7042237] [PMID: 25835047]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012519.pub2] [PMID: 30548483]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb06848.x]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00219.x] [PMID: 20536722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.019] [PMID: 16759828]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0fo00080a] [PMID: 21776465]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.019]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.113.003855] [PMID: 23858094]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030523] [PMID: 28264497]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425778] [PMID: 15668926]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.44] [PMID: 21468064]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01411.x] [PMID: 17617201]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.015] [PMID: 20036023]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635580903407197] [PMID: 20358475]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1499-6] [PMID: 24068536]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02859.x] [PMID: 20536712]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgp197] [PMID: 19696163]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01137.x] [PMID: 18331465]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.3.205]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i6.912] [PMID: 17352022]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200104000-00015] [PMID: 11338068]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9453-2] [PMID: 22161238]
[PMID: 9703878]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-401716-0.00008-8]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2004.06.011] [PMID: 15567279]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.3984] [PMID: 29346059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13338]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10441-017-9306-7] [PMID: 28342137]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00721.x] [PMID: 18460136]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/BM2017.0011] [PMID: 29022387]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.80307] [PMID: 18997432]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.030]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods6080065] [PMID: 28783111]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5020028] [PMID: 28545249]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00099-1]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.029] [PMID: 21620574]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.024] [PMID: 16297478]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep23214] [PMID: 26983596]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1383355] [PMID: 28945458]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856005774649395] [PMID: 16280101]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0279-8] [PMID: 30263727]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061679] [PMID: 32512787]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.1168] [PMID: 9255981]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14068] [PMID: 29508944]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2013.09.015] [PMID: 24797236]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03061] [PMID: 30619147]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-5] [PMID: 24428901]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12938/bifidus1996.19.15]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1479-0] [PMID: 27912750]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2018.1544332] [PMID: 30415609]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103642]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(98)00053-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01785] [PMID: 30197628]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.8.3418-3426.1999] [PMID: 10427029]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.008] [PMID: 18524408]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00855.x] [PMID: 10583686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04769.x] [PMID: 20553347]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-50-5-1915] [PMID: 11034505]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83466]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.08.003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6010036]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0101-6] [PMID: 23572685]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2800-4_12]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818463.ch34]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081806] [PMID: 31387262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.03.013] [PMID: 16713256]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010038] [PMID: 30609850]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.1999.11.3.207] [PMID: 10435683]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609801200202] [PMID: 9502235]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.5.1362] [PMID: 8618132]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70093-9] [PMID: 9042042]
[PMID: 8701669]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1361.097] [PMID: 16126993]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1084978041425016] [PMID: 15285880]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004650-200210000-00009] [PMID: 12465217]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956052] [PMID: 3478223]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2016.21.4.297] [PMID: 28078251]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116598] [PMID: 25760331]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.003] [PMID: 25282294]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.638830] [PMID: 33912147]