Abstract
Background: Exercise is strongly recommended for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, incomplete intervention reporting in clinical trials limits the replication of exercise protocols. As previously demonstrated by us for exercise and hypertension, the reporting quality might also be insufficient in studies with respect to T2DM and exercise.
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the completeness of exercise intervention reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for T2DM.
Methods: Two independent reviewers applied the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) to 23 exercise trials obtained from the most recent and frequently cited meta-analysis in current guidelines. The completeness of reporting was evaluated, focusing on the F.I.T.T. components (frequency, intensity, time, type). Interrater agreement and associations with publication year and journal impact factor were examined.
Results: Mean CERT score was 11/19 (range 5-17), and 8/12 (range 4-12) for TIDieR. F.I.T.T. components were almost completely described, whereas overall completeness of exercise reporting was 60% and 68% (CERT and TIDieR). Replication of each exercise of the respective program was not possible in 52% of interventions. The majority of items had shown excellent agreement. No associations with publication year or impact factor were found.
Conclusion: Exercise interventions were not found to be sufficiently reported in RCTs that currently guide clinical practice in T2DM. Replication in further studies or clinical practice is limited due to poor exercise description. We suggest the use of more specific CERT for reporting results of exercise interventions. Further refinement for internal diseases is needed to better describe exercise interventions.
Keywords: TIDieR, CERT, reporting quality, exercise, type 2 diabetes mellitus, guidelines, meta-analysis.
[1]
Wake AD. Antidiabetic effects of physical activity: How it helps to control type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13: 2909-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S262289] [PMID: 32884317]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S262289] [PMID: 32884317]
[2]
Balducci S, Sacchetti M, Haxhi J, et al. Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30(1): 13-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2514] [PMID: 24353273]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2514] [PMID: 24353273]
[3]
Campbell M, Fitzpatrick R, Haines A, et al. Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health. BMJ 2000; 321(7262): 694-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694] [PMID: 10987780]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694] [PMID: 10987780]
[4]
Shepperd S, Lewin S, Straus S, et al. Can we systematically review studies that evaluate complex interventions? PLoS Med 2009; 6(8): e1000086.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000086] [PMID: 19668360]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000086] [PMID: 19668360]
[5]
Slade SC, Keating JL. Exercise prescription: A case for standardised reporting. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46(16): 1110-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090290] [PMID: 22089077]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090290] [PMID: 22089077]
[6]
Abell B, Glasziou P, Hoffmann T. Reporting and replicating trials of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: do we know what the researchers actually did? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015; 8(2): 187-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001381] [PMID: 25737485]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001381] [PMID: 25737485]
[7]
O’Neil J, McEwen D, Del Bel MJ, et al. Assessment of the content reporting for therapeutic exercise interventions among existing randomized controlled trials on knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rehabil 2018; 32(7): 980-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518763714] [PMID: 29529871]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518763714] [PMID: 29529871]
[8]
Holden S, Rathleff MS, Jensen MB, Barton CJ. How can we implement exercise therapy for patellofemoral pain if we don’t know what was prescribed? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52(6): 385.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097547] [PMID: 29084726]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097547] [PMID: 29084726]
[9]
Glasziou P, Altman DG, Bossuyt P, et al. Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research. Lancet 2014; 383(9913): 267-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62228-X] [PMID: 24411647]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62228-X] [PMID: 24411647]
[10]
Slade SC, Finnegan S, Dionne CE, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. The consensus on exercise reporting template (cert) applied to exercise interventions in musculoskeletal trials demonstrated good rater agreement and incomplete reporting. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 103: 120-30.
[11]
Glasziou P, Meats E, Heneghan C, Shepperd S. What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews? BMJ 2008; 336(7659): 1472-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39590.732037.47] [PMID: 18583680]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39590.732037.47] [PMID: 18583680]
[12]
Hacke C, Nunan D, Weisser B. Do exercise trials for hypertension adequately report interventions? A reporting quality study. Int J Sports Med 2018; 39(12): 902-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0649-1040] [PMID: 30130812]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0649-1040] [PMID: 30130812]
[13]
Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the american diabetes association. Diabetes Care 2016; 39(11): 2065-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728] [PMID: 27926890]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728] [PMID: 27926890]
[14]
Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J 2020; 41(2): 255-323.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486] [PMID: 31497854]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486] [PMID: 31497854]
[15]
American Diabetes Association. 3. Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care 2021; 44(1): S34-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S003] [PMID: 33298414]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S003] [PMID: 33298414]
[16]
Esefeld K, Kress S, Behrens M, et al. Diabetes, sports and exercise. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 129(S 01): S52-S59
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1284-6097] [PMID: 33348380]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1284-6097] [PMID: 33348380]
[17]
Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, et al. Better reporting of interventions: Template for intervention description and replication (tidier) checklist and guide. BMJ 2014; 348: g1687.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1687]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1687]
[18]
Slade SC, Dionne CE, Underwood M, Buchbinder R. Consensus on exercise reporting template (cert): Explanation and elaboration statement. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50(23): 1428-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096651] [PMID: 27707738]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096651] [PMID: 27707738]
[19]
Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, et al. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2011; 305(17): 1790-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.576] [PMID: 21540423]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.576] [PMID: 21540423]
[20]
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43(7): 1334-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb] [PMID: 21694556]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb] [PMID: 21694556]
[21]
de Vet HCW, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Bouter LM. When to use agreement versus reliability measures. J Clin Epidemiol 2006; 59(10): 1033-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.015] [PMID: 16980142]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.015] [PMID: 16980142]
[22]
Chen G, Faris P, Hemmelgarn B, Walker RL, Quan H. Measuring agreement of administrative data with chart data using prevalence unadjusted and adjusted kappa. BMC Med Res Methodol 2009; 9: 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-9-5] [PMID: 19159474]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-9-5] [PMID: 19159474]
[23]
Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33(1): 159-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2529310] [PMID: 843571]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2529310] [PMID: 843571]
[24]
Byrt T, Bishop J, Carlin JB. Bias, prevalence and kappa. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46(5): 423-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(93)90018-V] [PMID: 8501467]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(93)90018-V] [PMID: 8501467]
[25]
Tonoli C, Heyman E, Roelands B, et al. Effects of different types of acute and chronic (training) exercise on glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Sports Med 2012; 42(12): 1059-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03262312] [PMID: 23134339]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03262312] [PMID: 23134339]
[26]
García-García F, Kumareswaran K, Hovorka R, Hernando ME. Quantifying the acute changes in glucose with exercise in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 2015; 45(4): 587-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0302-2] [PMID: 25616852]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0302-2] [PMID: 25616852]
[27]
Fedewa MV, Gist NH, Evans EM, Dishman RK. Exercise and insulin resistance in youth: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2014; 133(1): e163-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2718] [PMID: 24298011]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2718] [PMID: 24298011]
[28]
Davis CL, Pollock NK, Waller JL, et al. Exercise dose and diabetes risk in overweight and obese children: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012; 308(11): 1103-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2012.jama.10762] [PMID: 22990269]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2012.jama.10762] [PMID: 22990269]
[29]
Russo LM, Nobles C, Ertel KA, Chasan-Taber L, Whitcomb BW. Physical activity interventions in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2015; 125(3): 576-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000691] [PMID: 25730218]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000691] [PMID: 25730218]
[30]
Lin X, Zhang X, Guo J, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4(7): e002014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002014] [PMID: 26116691]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002014] [PMID: 26116691]
[31]
Schellenberg ES, Dryden DM, Vandermeer B, Ha C, Korownyk C. Lifestyle interventions for patients with and at risk for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159(8): 543-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007] [PMID: 24126648]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007] [PMID: 24126648]
[32]
Yardley JE, Hay J, Abou-Setta AM, Marks SD, McGavock J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106(3): 393-400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.038] [PMID: 25451913]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.038] [PMID: 25451913]
[33]
Sanabria-Martínez G, García-Hermoso A, Poyatos-León R, Álvarez-Bueno C, Sánchez-López M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on preventing gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive maternal weight gain: A meta-analysis. BJOG 2015; 122(9): 1167-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13429] [PMID: 26036300]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13429] [PMID: 26036300]
[34]
Lunde P, Nilsson BB, Bergland A, Kværner KJ, Bye A. The effectiveness of smartphone apps for lifestyle improvement in noncommunicable diseases: Systematic review and meta-analyses. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20(5): e162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9751] [PMID: 29728346]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9751] [PMID: 29728346]
[35]
Wu X, Guo X, Zhang Z. The efficacy of mobile phone apps for lifestyle modification in diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7(1): e12297.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12297] [PMID: 30664494]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12297] [PMID: 30664494]
[36]
Robinson CC, Barreto RP, Sbruzzi G, Plentz RD. The effects of whole body vibration in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Braz J Phys Ther 2016; 20(1): 4-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0133] [PMID: 26578253]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0133] [PMID: 26578253]
[37]
Chen L, Pei JH, Kuang J, et al. Effect of lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Metabolism 2015; 64(2): 338-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.018] [PMID: 25467842]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.018] [PMID: 25467842]
[38]
Dunkley AJ, Bodicoat DH, Greaves CJ, et al. Diabetes prevention in the real world: effectiveness of pragmatic lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and of the impact of adherence to guideline recommendations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2014; 37(4): 922-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2195] [PMID: 24652723]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2195] [PMID: 24652723]
[39]
Avery L, Flynn D, van Wersch A, Sniehotta FF, Trenell MI. Changing physical activity behavior in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions. Diabetes Care 2012; 35(12): 2681-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-2452] [PMID: 23173137]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-2452] [PMID: 23173137]
[40]
Qiu S, Cai X, Chen X, Yang B, Sun Z. Step counter use in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Med 2014; 12(36)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-36]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-36]
[41]
Yang Z, Scott CA, Mao C, Tang J, Farmer AJ. Resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 2014; 44(4): 487-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0128-8] [PMID: 24297743]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0128-8] [PMID: 24297743]
[42]
Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(11): 2518-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-1317] [PMID: 17065697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-1317] [PMID: 17065697]
[43]
Jelleyman C, Yates T, O’Donovan G, et al. The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose regulation and insulin resistance: A meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16(11): 942-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12317] [PMID: 26481101]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.12317] [PMID: 26481101]
[44]
Nieuwlaat R, Schwalm JD, Khatib R, Yusuf S. Why are we failing to implement effective therapies in cardiovascular disease? Eur Heart J 2013; 34(17): 1262-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs481] [PMID: 23376448]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs481] [PMID: 23376448]
[45]
Simera I, Moher D, Hirst A, Hoey J, Schulz KF, Altman DG. Transparent and accurate reporting increases reliability, utility, and impact of your research: reporting guidelines and the EQUATOR Network. BMC Med 2010; 8(1): 24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-24] [PMID: 20420659]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-24] [PMID: 20420659]
[46]
Keene DJ, Forde C, Sugavanam T, Williams MA, Lamb SE. Exercise for people with a fragility fracture of the pelvis or lower limb: A systematic review of interventions evaluated in clinical trials and reporting quality. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21(1): 435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03361-8] [PMID: 32622352]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03361-8] [PMID: 32622352]
[47]
Slade SC, Underwood M, McGinley JL, Morris ME. Exercise and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: the need for explicit exercise reporting. BMC Neurol 2019; 19(1): 305.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1539-4] [PMID: 31783740]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1539-4] [PMID: 31783740]
[48]
Kattackal TR, Cavallo S, Brosseau L, et al. Assessing the reporting quality of physical activity programs in randomized controlled trials for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis using three standardized assessment tools. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2020; 18(1): 41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12969-020-00434-9] [PMID: 32448277]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12969-020-00434-9] [PMID: 32448277]
[49]
Barros BS, Imoto AM, O’Neil J, et al. The management of lower back pain using pilates method: Assessment of content exercise reporting in RCTs. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 1-9. [Internet].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1836269] [PMID: 33096012]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1836269] [PMID: 33096012]
[50]
Jo D, Del Bel MJ, McEwen D, et al. A study of the description of exercise programs evaluated in randomized controlled trials involving people with fibromyalgia using different reporting tools, and validity of the tools related to pain relief. Clin Rehabil 2019; 33(3): 557-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518815931] [PMID: 30516064]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518815931] [PMID: 30516064]
[51]
McEwen D, O’Neil J, Miron-Celis M, Brosseau L. Content reporting in post-stroke therapeutic circuit-class exercise programs in randomized control trials. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 26(4): 281-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2019.1591687] [PMID: 30888307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2019.1591687] [PMID: 30888307]
[52]
Mack DE, Wilson PM, Santos E, Brooks K. Standards of reporting: the use of CONSORT PRO and CERT in individuals living with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29(2): 305-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4249-z] [PMID: 28971256]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4249-z] [PMID: 28971256]
[53]
Yamato TP, Maher CG, Saragiotto BT, Hoffmann TC, Moseley AM. How completely are physiotherapy interventions described in reports of randomised trials? Physiotherapy 2016; 102(2): 121-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2016.03.001] [PMID: 27033780]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2016.03.001] [PMID: 27033780]
[54]
Hoffmann TC, Erueti C, Glasziou PP. Poor description of non-pharmacological interventions: Analysis of consecutive sample of randomised trials. BMJ 2013; 347: f3755.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3755] [PMID: 24021722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3755] [PMID: 24021722]
[55]
Meneses-Echavez JF, Rodriguez-Prieto I, Elkins M, Martínez-Torres J, Nguyen L, Bidonde J. Analysis of reporting completeness in exercise cancer trials: A systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19(1): 220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0871-0] [PMID: 31791246]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0871-0] [PMID: 31791246]
[56]
McGregor G, Powell R, Finnegan S, Nichols S, Underwood M. Exercise rehabilitation programmes for pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review of intervention components and reporting quality. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4(1): e000400.
[PMID: 30364456]
[PMID: 30364456]
[57]
Tew GA, Brabyn S, Cook L, Peckham E. The completeness of intervention descriptions in randomised trials of supervised exercise training in peripheral arterial disease. PLoS One 2016; 11(3): e0150869.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150869] [PMID: 26938879]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150869] [PMID: 26938879]
[58]
Wells M, Williams B, Treweek S, Coyle J, Taylor J. Intervention description is not enough: evidence from an in-depth multiple case study on the untold role and impact of context in randomised controlled trials of seven complex interventions. Trials 2012; 13: 95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-95] [PMID: 22742939]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-95] [PMID: 22742939]
[59]
Conn VS, Cooper PS, Ruppar TM, Russell CL. Searching for the intervention in intervention research reports. J Nurs Scholarsh 2008; 40(1): 52-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00206.x] [PMID: 18302592]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00206.x] [PMID: 18302592]
[60]
Rauh SL, Turner D, Jellison S, et al. Completeness of intervention reporting of clinical trials published in highly ranked obesity journals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29(2): 285-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.23054] [PMID: 33340283]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.23054] [PMID: 33340283]
[61]
Palmer W, Okonya O, Jellison S, et al. Intervention reporting of clinical trials published in high-impact cardiology journals: Effect of the tidier checklist and guide. BMJ Evid Based Med 2021; 26(3): 91-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111309] [PMID: 32139513]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111309] [PMID: 32139513]
[62]
Major DH, Røe Y, Grotle M, et al. Content reporting of exercise interventions in rotator cuff disease trials: results from application of the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5(1): e000656-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000656] [PMID: 31908837]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000656] [PMID: 31908837]
[63]
Glasziou P, Chalmers I, Altman DG, et al. Taking healthcare interventions from trial to practice. BMJ 2010; 341: c3852.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3852] [PMID: 20709714]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3852] [PMID: 20709714]
[64]
Bartholdy C, Nielsen SM, Warming S, Hunter DJ, Christensen R, Henriksen M. Poor replicability of recommended exercise interventions for knee osteoarthritis: A descriptive analysis of evidence informing current guidelines and recommendations. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27(1): 3-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.06.018] [PMID: 30248500]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.06.018] [PMID: 30248500]
[65]
Charette M, Bérubé MÈ, Brooks K, O’Neil J, Brosseau L, McLean L. How well do published randomized controlled trials on pelvic floor muscle training interventions for urinary incontinence describe the details of the intervention? A review. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39(1): 35-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.24208] [PMID: 31692078]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.24208] [PMID: 31692078]
Article Metrics
32
1