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Current Bioactive Compounds

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ISSN (Print): 1573-4072
ISSN (Online): 1875-6646

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Research Article

Pyrogallol Induces Antimicrobial Effect and Cell Membrane Disruption on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Author(s): Yik-Ling Chew*, Chairunnisa Arasi and Joo-Kheng Goh

Volume 18, Issue 1, 2022

Published on: 20 August, 2021

Article ID: e260821193606 Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1573407217666210526121512

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Pyrogallol is present naturally in numerous plants. It is also an important functional group in many polyphenol compounds.

Objectives: The antibacterial activity, efficacy, and mechanism of pyrogallol towards MRSA strains were evaluated.

Methods: Microbroth dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Time-kill kinetic assay was adopted to determine the killing pattern of pyrogallol towards MRSA. The antibacterial mechanism was determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and crystal violet assay.

Results: Pyrogallol exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC and MBC 15.6 μg/mL. Pyrogallol could inhibit the exponential growth of MRSA and kill the bacterial cells at higher concentrations. Pyrogallol was found targeting the cell membrane fatty acids, proteins/peptides, polysaccharides/carbohydrates and peptidoglycan of cell walls in the antibacterial mechanism. This has been confirmed through SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and crystal violet assay.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that pyrogallol has the potential to be used as antibiotics which are used to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Keywords: Pyrogallol, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial, mechanism, cell membrane, peptidoglycan.

Graphical Abstract

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