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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

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An Alternative “Trojan Horse” Hypothesis for COVID-19: Immune Deficiency of IL-10 and SARS-CoV-2 Biology

Author(s): Mario Giosuè Balzanelli, Pietro Distratis, Sergey K. Aityan, Felice Amatulli, Orazio Catucci, Angelo Cefalo, Antonia De Michele, Gianna Dipalma, Francesco Inchingolo, Rita Lazzaro, Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen, Davide Palazzo, Marilina Tampoia, Van Hung Pham, Luigi Santacroce* and Ciro Gargiulo Isacco

Volume 22, Issue 1, 2022

Published on: 27 January, 2021

Page: [1 - 5] Pages: 5

DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210127141945

Abstract

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a challenge for emergency care units worldwide due to the large numbers of patients, the scarcity of information, the medical resources, and the uncertainty regarding the disease's etiology and pathogenesis. The transmission of the virus and a probable post-pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 will depend on how deep this disease, the duration of immunity and the degree of cross immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens either bacteria or fungi can be understood. Most mortalities have been related to an atypical pneumonia consisted of a sudden worsening of general condition of the admitted positive COVID-19 patients. The severe thromboembolism, often characterized by violent pulmonary and systemic complications, have been described with a blend of inflammatory-infectious patterns that rapidly shifted into a typical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or into an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that eventually concluded into a multi-organ failure (MOF) and death. The fatality rate reported in our Covid-19 structure, SG Moscati Hospital of Taranto province in Italy, was higher in elderly male people with preexisting chronic pulmonary disease (COPD), patients with cancer and preexisting cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). We assumed a different theoretical position to clarify the higher mortality seen among those patients that was not as obvious as it appeared, we thus offered different pathophysiological picture that could help to recent solutions in therapy and prevention.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, arterial blood gas (ABG), IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

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Graphical Abstract

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