Generic placeholder image

Current Organic Synthesis

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1794
ISSN (Online): 1875-6271

Research Article

Synthesis of Novel bis-spirooxindoles Catalyzed by Magnetic Cobalt Ferrite Encapsulated MCM-41@MgO as a Solid Base

Author(s): Somaye Mohammadi and Hossein Naeimi*

Volume 18, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 11 November, 2020

Page: [214 - 224] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201111160600

Price: $65

Abstract

Aims and Objective: Synthesis of novel bis-spirooxindoles was carried out from isatins, two equivalents of malononitrile, and various derivatives of cyclohexanones.

Background: A facile one-pot and four-component reaction was investigated for the synthesis of novel bisspirooxindoles from different derivatives of isatins, two equivalents of malononitrile and various derivatives of cyclohexanone in the presence of magnetic CoFe2O4@MCM-41@MgO NPS catalyst under mild conditions.

Materials and Methods: Firstly, the magnetic CoFe2O4@MCM-41@MgO was prepared in three steps. Afterwards, the CoFe2O4@MCM-41@MgO was used as a base catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of bisspirooxindoles.

Results and Discussion: The procedure exhibited several benefits, an excellent yield of products, short reaction times, reusability, and recyclability of the nanocatalyst.

Conclusion: The structure of nanocatalyst was recognized by FT-IR, XRD, VSM, SEM, BET, and EDX techniques, and the structure of the organic products was determined by melting point, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectra, and C.H.N analyses.

Keywords: Bis-spirooxindoles, MCM-41, isatin, malononitrile, cyclohexanone, C.H.N analyses.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Rani, P.; Srivastava, V.K.; Kumar, A. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of heterocyclic indole derivatives. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2004, 39(5), 449-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.11.002] [PMID: 15110970]
[2]
Sharma, V.; Kumar, P.; Pathak, D. Biological Iimportance of the Iindole nucleus in recent years: A comprehensive review. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 2010, 47, 491.
[3]
Chai, W.; Breitenbucher, J.G.; Kwok, A.; Li, X.; Wong, V.; Carruthers, N.I.; Lovenberg, T.W.; Mazur, C.; Wilson, S.J.; Axe, F.U.; Jones, T.K. Non-imidazole heterocyclic histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2003, 13(10), 1767-1770.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00299-3] [PMID: 12729661]
[4]
de Sá Alves, F.R.; Barreiro, E.J.; Fraga, C.A. From nature to drug discovery: the indole scaffold as a ‘privileged structure’. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2009, 9(7), 782-793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955709788452649] [PMID: 19519503]
[5]
Carson, C.A.; Kerr, M.A. Heterocycles from cyclopropanes: Applications in natural product synthesis. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38(11), 3051-3060.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b901245c] [PMID: 19847340]
[6]
Chadha, N.; Silakari, O. Indoles as therapeutics of interest in medicinal chemistry: Bird’s eye view. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2017, 134, 159-184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.003] [PMID: 28412530]
[7]
Sravanthi, T.V.; Manju, S.L. Indoles - A promising scaffold for drug development. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 91, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.025] [PMID: 27237590]
[8]
Venkatesan, P.; Sumathi, S. Piperidine mediated synthesis of n‐heterocyclic chalcones and their antibacterial activity. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 2009, 47, 81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.268]
[9]
Sakhuja, R.; Panda, S.S.; Khanna, L.; Khurana, S.; Jain, S.C. Design and synthesis of spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyrans] as antimicrobial agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2011, 21(18), 5465-5469.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.121] [PMID: 21782421]
[10]
Abdel-Rahman, A.H.; Keshk, E.M.; Hanna, M.A.; el-Bady, ShM. Synthesis and evaluation of some new spiro indoline-based heterocycles as potentially active antimicrobial agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2004, 12(9), 2483-2488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10.063] [PMID: 15080944]
[11]
Wu, J-S.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y-L.; Xie, J-W. Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel polyheterocyclic spirooxindole derivatives. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13(17), 4967-4975.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5OB00256G] [PMID: 25820179]
[12]
Zhu, S-L.; Ji, S-J.; Zhang, Y. A simple and clean procedure for three-component synthesis of spirooxindoles in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 9365.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.113]
[13]
Alizadeh, A.; Bayat, F.; Moafi, L. Application of 3-methylene- and 3-(monosubstituted)alkylideneoxindoles in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Curr. Org. Chem., 2017, 21, 1292.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272821666170127153449]
[14]
Huang, X-F.; Liu, Z-M.; Geng, Z-C.; Zhang, S-Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, X-W. Enantioselective construction of multifunctionalized spirocyclohexaneoxindoles through organocatalytic Michael-Aldol cyclization of isatin derived alkenes with linear dialdehydes. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2012, 10(44), 8794-8799.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ob26205c] [PMID: 23044749]
[15]
Zuo, X.; Liu, X-L.; Wang, J-X.; Yao, Y-M.; Zhou, Y-Y.; Wei, Q-D.; Gong, Y.; Zhou, Y. Organocatalytic reaction of chromone-oxindole synthon: Access to chromanone-based spirocyclohexaneoxindoles with five adjacent stereocenters. J. Org. Chem., 2019, 84(11), 6679-6688.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b00326] [PMID: 31083948]
[16]
Galliford, C.V.; Scheidt, K.A. Pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindole natural products as inspirations for the development of potential therapeutic agents. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2007, 46(46), 8748-8758.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200701342] [PMID: 17943924]
[17]
Antonchick, A.P.; Gerding-Reimers, C.; Catarinella, M.; Schürmann, M.; Preut, H.; Ziegler, S.; Rauh, D.; Waldmann, H. Highly enantioselective synthesis and cellular evaluation of spirooxindoles inspired by natural products. Nat. Chem., 2010, 2(9), 735-740.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.730] [PMID: 20729892]
[18]
Parthasarathy, K.; Praveen, C.; Saranraj, K.; Balachandran, C.; Kumar, P.S. Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic evaluation of spirooxindole. Med. Chem. Res., 2016, 25, 2155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-016-1645-4]
[19]
Barbosa, C.A.L.; Teixeira, R.R.W.; Amarante, G. Synthetic strategies for the preparation of butenolides and their transformation into other derivatives. Curr. Org. Synth., 2015, 12, 746.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157017941206150828111855]
[20]
Cui, C-B.; Kakeya, H.; Osada, H. Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic evaluation of spirooxindole. Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 12651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(96)00737-5]
[21]
Sebahar, P.R.; Williams, R.M. The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)- and. (-)- Spirotryprostatin B. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 5666.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja001133n]
[22]
Witkop, B.; Patrick, J.B.; Gelsemine, I.I. The chemistry and rearrangements of spiroöxindoles. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 2572.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01107a008]
[23]
Newcombe, N.J.; Ya, F.; Vijn, R.J.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W.N. The total synthesis of (±)-gelsemine. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1994, 767.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C39940000767]
[24]
Elinson, M.N.; Vereshchagin, A.N.; Nasybullin, R.F.; Bobrovsky, S.I.; Ilovaisky, A.I.; Merkulova, V.M.; Bushmarinov, I.S.; Egorov, M.P. General approach to a spiro indole-3,1′-naphthalene tetracyclic system: stereoselective pseudo four-component reaction of isatins and cyclic ketones with two molecules of malononitrile. RSC Advances, 2015, 5, 50421.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA03452C]
[25]
Zhao, X.S.; Lu, G.Q.; Millar, G. Advances in mesoporous molecular Sieve MCM-41. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1996, 35, 2075.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie950702a]
[26]
Munoz, B.; Ramila, A.; Perez-Pariente, J.; Diaz, I.; Vallet-Regi, M. MCM-41 organic modification as drug delivery rate regulator. Chem. Mater., 2003, 15, 500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm021217q]
[27]
Jentys, A.; Pham, N.H.; Vinek, H. Nature of hydroxy groups in MCM-41. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996, 92, 3287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9969203287]
[28]
Mokaya, R. Post-synthesis grafting of Al onto MCM-41. Chem. Commun. (Camb.), 1997, 2185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a705340a]
[29]
Vallet-Regi, M.; Ramila, A.; Del Real, R.P. Pérez-Pariente. A new property of MCM-41: drug delivery system. J. Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 308.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0011559]
[30]
Horcajada, P.; Ramila, A.; Perez-Pariente, J.; Vallet-Regı, M. Influence of pore size of MCM-41 matrices on drug delivery rate. Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2004, 68, 105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2003.12.012]
[31]
Manzano, M.; Aina, V.; Arean, C.O.; Balas, F.; Cauda, V.; Colilla, M.; Delgado, M.R.; Vallet-Regi, M. Studies on MCM-41 mesoporous silica for drug delivery: Effect of particle morphology and amine functionalization. Chem. Eng. J., 2008, 137, 30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.07.078]
[32]
Qin, Q.; Ma, J.; Liu, K. Adsorption of nitrobenzene from aqueous solution by MCM-41. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2007, 315(1), 80-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.060] [PMID: 17673227]
[33]
Kamarudin, K.S.N.; Alias, N. Adsorption performance of MCM-41 impregnated with amine for CO2 removal. Fuel Process. Technol., 2013, 106, 332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.08.017]
[34]
Mangrulkar, P.A.; Kamble, S.P.; Meshram, J.; Rayalu, S.S. Adsorption of phenol and o-chlorophenol by mesoporous MCM-41. J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 160(2-3), 414-421.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.013] [PMID: 18524474]
[35]
Serrano, D.P.; Calleja, G.; Botas, J.A.; Gutierrez, F. Adsorption and hydrophobic properties of mesostructured MCM-41 and SBA-15 materials for volatile organic compound removal. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2004, 43, 7010.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie040108d]
[36]
Zhao, X.S.; Ma, Q.; Lu, G.Q. VOC removal:Comparison of MCM-41 with hydrophobic zeolites and activated carbon. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, 1051.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef980113s]
[37]
Masteri-Farahani, M.; Farzaneh, F.; Ghandi, M. Synthesis and characterization of molybdenum complexes with bidentate Schiff base ligands within nanoreactors of MCM-41 as epoxidation catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2006, 248, 53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2005.12.008]
[38]
Yang, H.; Zhang, G.; Hong, X.; Zhu, Y. Dicyano-functionalized MCM-41 anchored-palladium complexes as recoverable catalysts for Heck reaction. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2004, 210, 143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2003.09.009]
[39]
González‐Arellano, C.; Corma, A.; Iglesias, M.; Sánchez, F. Pd(II)‐Schiff base complexes heterogenised on MCM‐41 and delaminated zeolites as efficient and recyclable catalysts for the heck reaction. Adv. Synth. Catal., 2004, 346, 1758.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200404119]
[40]
Shaughnessy, K.H.; De Vasher, R.B. Palladium-Catalyzed cross-coupling in aqueous media: Recent progress and current applications. Curr. Org. Chem., 2005, 9, 585.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272053765042]
[41]
Saadatjoo, N.; Golshekan, M.; Shariati, S.; Kefayati, H.; Azizi, P. Organic/inorganic MCM-41 magnetite nanocomposite as a solid acid catalyst for synthesis of benzo[α]xanthenone derivatives. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2013, 377, 173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2013.05.007]
[42]
Rostamizadeh, S.; Nojavan, M.; Aryan, R.; Isapoor, E.; Azad, M. Amino acid-based ionic liquid immobilized on α-Fe2O3-MCM-41: An efficient magnetic nanocatalyst and recyclable reaction media for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2013, 374–375, 102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2013.04.002]
[43]
Rostamizadeh, S.; Azad, M.; Shadjou, N.; Hasanzadeh, M. (α-Fe2O3)-MCM-41-SO3H as a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of N-aryl-2-amino-1,6-naphthyridine derivatives. Catal. Commun., 2012, 25, 83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2012.04.013]
[44]
Kruk, M.; Jaroniec, M.; Sayari, A. Relations between pore structure parameters and their implications for characterization of MCM-41 using gas adsorption and x-ray diffraction. Chem. Mater., 1999, 11, 492.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm981006e]
[45]
Omidi, F.; Behbahani, M.; Kalate Bojdi, M.; Shahtaheri, S.J. Solid phase extraction and trace monitoring of cadmium ions in environmental water and food samples based on modified magnetic nanoporous silica. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2015, 395, 213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.07.093]
[46]
Yoshitake, H.; Yokoi, T.; Tatsumi, T. Adsorption of chromate and arsenate by amino-functionalized MCM-41 and SBA-1. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 4603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0202355]
[47]
Arica, T.A.; Ayas, E.; Arica, M.Y. Magnetic MCM-41 silica particles grafted with poly(glycidylmethacrylate) brush: Modification and application for removal of direct dyes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2017, 243, 164.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.02.011]
[48]
Hegade, P.G.; Chinchkar, S.D.; Pore, D.M. DABCO catalyzed pseudo multi-component synthesis of functionalized spirooxindoles. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chem. Mon. Int. J. Chem., 2016, 147, 1243-1249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1637-y]
[49]
Huang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Qi, Z.; Li, N.; Geng, Z.; Li, K. A highly efficient DBU-catalyzed green synthesis of spiro-oxindoles. 2014, 86, 4372.
[50]
Shanthi, G.; Subbulakshmi, G.; Perumal, P.T. A new InCl3-catalyzed, facile and efficient method for the synthesis of spirooxindoles under conventional and solvent-free microwave conditions. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 2057.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.042]
[51]
Kumar, S. Brijeshlata; Dixit, S. Screening of traditional indian spices for inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 2012, 3, 59.
[52]
Hegade, P.G.; Chinchkar, S.D.; Pore, D.M. DABCO catalyzed pseudo multi-component synthesis of functionalized spirooxindoles. Monatshefte für Chemie -. Chem. Mon., 2016, 147, 1243-1249.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1637-y]
[53]
Babu, T.H.; Joseph, A.A.; Muralidharan, D.; Perumal, P.T. A novel method for the synthesis of functionalized spirocyclic oxindoles by one-pot tandem reaction of vinyl malononitriles with isatylidene malononitriles. Tetrahedron Lett., 2010, 51, 994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.082]
[54]
Mohammadi, S.; Naeimi, H. A bifunctional Yolk–Shell nanocatalyst with Lewis and organic functional base for the synthesis of spirooxindoles. Appl. Catal. A Gen., 2020, 602117720
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117720]
[55]
Huang, X.; Chen, Z. Preparation of CoFe2O4/SiO2 nanocomposites by sol–gel method. J. Cryst. Growth, 2004, 271, 287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.07.064]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version346msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[04:42:38] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[04:42:38] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[04:42:38] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[04:42:38] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (141ms)time
  • Application (204ms)time
  • 1 x Application (59.09%)
    204ms
    1 x Booting (40.91%)
    141ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated109ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51286341','',1,1740458558,1740458558) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740458558
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51286341','/article/111406',1,1740458558,1740458558)
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) limit 1
      12.95msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51286341
      • 1: 51286341
      • 2: 51286341
      • 3: 51286341
      • 4: 51286341
      • 5: 51286341
      • 6: 51286341
      • 7: 51286341
      • 8: 51286341
      • 9: 51286341
      • 10: 51286341
      • 11: 51286341
      • 12: 51286341
      • 13: 51286341
      • 14: 51286341
      • 15: 51286341
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=111406
      950μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 34 limit 1
      20.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 34
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=34) and sj.journal_id!=34 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      900μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=34) and sj.journal_id!=34 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=34) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=34) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '111406'
      900μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 111406
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '111406'
      2.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 111406
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '111406' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.41msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 111406
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 34 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      28.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 34 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      7.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 34 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 111406 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 111406
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 111406 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 187859 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 187859
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'COS' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: COS
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '111406' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '10382' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2984' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2984) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2984) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2984)
      8.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10382) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10382) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10382)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 111406) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 111406) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740458558 and j.to_date >= 1740458558 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 111406)
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '214' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10382 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 214
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '224' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10382 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 224
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 111406 limit 1
      5.91msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 111406
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 34 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458558 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458558 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.2msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 34
      • 3: 1740458558
      • 4: 1740458558
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 34 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740458558 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740458558 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 34
      • 3: 1740458558
      • 4: 1740458558
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='eac87e85da64f2ffcc46260aa50db278'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        SUxCmscV9v9D5iUjN9FDxqnqNvDBCsl3vYmABOSU
        uc_cart_id
        eac87e85da64f2ffcc46260aa50db278
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/111406" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/111406
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InBLMkgwT1BNSGEwQUpkSDJMSGNaNGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN080WEI1VmdxOFI2WHJqV2FBZW96cnRMZmU5cjM2a2hraEVzM0MvNzRVdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJmYzM3MjBiNTJlODUwNGY2MTNkY2IzNTQ4MTIyMjNjODU5MDU4MmZlZGFkM2E5NzQ2YjI5NDU5NTkxN2YzMWViIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InBLMkgwT1BNSGEwQUpkSDJMSGNaNGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiN080WEI1VmdxOFI2WHJqV2FBZW96cnRMZmU5cjM2a2hraEVzM0MvNzRVdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJmYzM3MjBiNTJlODUw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:42:38 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImUwR2JUUzNVd01RRlFtdEExQkNxS1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHN4MUN3WWpRY3NzaGlISjdIaFgzT3hqOWJYcGRqSUYrc0RDUjl4VW1PdXhkU1J4REVEalZySFNHejhza3hyQmcvMlNWSmh0UEtLbG5JQTM5SnhyWE9LNTFpblRHMUh3dHlpNmFhajA3alptT09sUVFjT3BHMnpCVEkvNlRaZjkiLCJtYWMiOiI5MjU3NmNiMGEyMGZjN2ZkYWZhN2Y0Zjg1OGRmMThlMGM3NGY5MGU0ZjMyM2UxMGExZjlmN2NjMDQ2MDNiYjdkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:42:38 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImUwR2JUUzNVd01RRlFtdEExQkNxS1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHN4MUN3WWpRY3NzaGlISjdIaFgzT3hqOWJYcGRqSUYrc0RDUjl4VW1PdXhkU1J4REVEalZySFNHejhza3hyQmcvMlNWS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InVsTHByVE9WUUh5L3hodU5kbm9WZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdhb0FycWNQeTFtVUl6SkdRaDRlVVNuT1pZVHh0b1I2WTc5TFdPTlJ4NHlqU3M4Q0JNRVQ3NVJWczhVa0VTeHo2RFBJZ1F6WkRaYmJieHRiQm10aWNVUjlYTjFvVHo3dVRXakN0OHRDMEE2TDNmdm40UEF1ZlFpbFczY0xpZWoiLCJtYWMiOiJiOWI0ZWY3ZjI3MTVlNmY2MjMxM2Y3NzQ1ZTM2ZmEzODZkMTI3NjYzMTlhMzFjODRmNzNhMzQ4OGRiYTljNjMzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InVsTHByVE9WUUh5L3hodU5kbm9WZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdhb0FycWNQeTFtVUl6SkdRaDRlVVNuT1pZVHh0b1I2WTc5TFdPTlJ4NHlqU3M4Q0JNRVQ3NVJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImUwR2JUUzNVd01RRlFtdEExQkNxS1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHN4MUN3WWpRY3NzaGlISjdIaFgzT3hqOWJYcGRqSUYrc0RDUjl4VW1PdXhkU1J4REVEalZySFNHejhza3hyQmcvMlNWSmh0UEtLbG5JQTM5SnhyWE9LNTFpblRHMUh3dHlpNmFhajA3alptT09sUVFjT3BHMnpCVEkvNlRaZjkiLCJtYWMiOiI5MjU3NmNiMGEyMGZjN2ZkYWZhN2Y0Zjg1OGRmMThlMGM3NGY5MGU0ZjMyM2UxMGExZjlmN2NjMDQ2MDNiYjdkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:42:38 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImUwR2JUUzNVd01RRlFtdEExQkNxS1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHN4MUN3WWpRY3NzaGlISjdIaFgzT3hqOWJYcGRqSUYrc0RDUjl4VW1PdXhkU1J4REVEalZySFNHejhza3hyQmcvMlNWS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InVsTHByVE9WUUh5L3hodU5kbm9WZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdhb0FycWNQeTFtVUl6SkdRaDRlVVNuT1pZVHh0b1I2WTc5TFdPTlJ4NHlqU3M4Q0JNRVQ3NVJWczhVa0VTeHo2RFBJZ1F6WkRaYmJieHRiQm10aWNVUjlYTjFvVHo3dVRXakN0OHRDMEE2TDNmdm40UEF1ZlFpbFczY0xpZWoiLCJtYWMiOiJiOWI0ZWY3ZjI3MTVlNmY2MjMxM2Y3NzQ1ZTM2ZmEzODZkMTI3NjYzMTlhMzFjODRmNzNhMzQ4OGRiYTljNjMzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InVsTHByVE9WUUh5L3hodU5kbm9WZmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdhb0FycWNQeTFtVUl6SkdRaDRlVVNuT1pZVHh0b1I2WTc5TFdPTlJ4NHlqU3M4Q0JNRVQ3NVJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "SUxCmscV9v9D5iUjN9FDxqnqNvDBCsl3vYmABOSU" "uc_cart_id" => "eac87e85da64f2ffcc46260aa50db278" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/111406" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:42:38GET/article/111406414361