Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Neuropharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-159X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6190

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Systematic Review Article

Effects of Risperidone in Autistic Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author(s): Brayan Jonas Mano-Sousa, Alessandra Moraes Pedrosa, Bruna Cristina Alves, José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz, Vinícius Silva Belo, Valéria Ernestânia Chaves and Joaquim Maurício Duarte-Almeida*

Volume 19, Issue 4, 2021

Published on: 29 May, 2020

Page: [538 - 552] Pages: 15

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X18666200529151741

Price: $65

Abstract

There are several studies investigating the effects of risperidone on autism, but many of these studies are contradictory or inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of risperidone on five domains of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) scale on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as weight gain and waist circumference. The protocol for the present systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). For this study, we analysed articles (2,459), selecting them according to the PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design). Although risperidone is effective for the treatment of lethargy and inadequate speech, concerns about the association between weight gain, waist circumference and risperidone require a need for evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in its use. There was a significant association between weight gain, waist circumference and risperidone. In conclusion, it was possible to suggest the efficacy of risperidone for the treatment of lethargy and inadequate speech. Finally, we emphasize that the risk-benefit in its use should be evaluated (Protocol number CRD42019122316).

Keywords: Weight gain, waist circumference, aberrant behavior checklist, autism spectrum disorder, risperidone, systematic review.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
American Psychiatric Association. Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-5, 5th ed; Choice Rev. Online, 2013.
[2]
Sharma, A.; Shaw, S.R. Efficacy of risperidone in managing maladaptive behaviors for children with autistic spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis. J. Pediatr. Health Care, 2012, 26(4), 291-299.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2011.02.008] [PMID: 22726714]
[3]
Lai, M.; Lombardo, M.V.; Baron-Cohen, S.A.; Chan, A.S.; Sze, S.L. Autism and epilepsy. Lancet Publishing Group, 2014, 383, 1-5.
[4]
Associação Psiquiátrica Americana. Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, 5th ed; Artmed: São Paulo, 2014.
[5]
Scahill, L.; Sukhodolsky, D.G.; Anderberg, E.; Dimitropoulos, A.; Dziura, J.; Aman, M.G.; McCracken, J.; Tierney, E.; Hallett, V.; Katz, K.; Vitiello, B.; McDougle, C. Sensitivity of the modified Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale to detect change: Results from two multi-site trials. Autism, 2016, 20(2), 145-152.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315574889] [PMID: 25882391]
[6]
Siegel, M.; Beaulieu, A.A. Psychotropic medications in children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and synthesis for evidence-based practice. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 2012, 42(8), 1592-1605.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1399-2] [PMID: 22068820]
[7]
Halvorsen, M.; Aman, M.G.; Mathiassen, B.; Brøndbo, P.H.; Steinsvik, O.O.; Martinussen, M. Psychometric properties of the norwegian aberrant behavior checklist and diagnostic relationships in a neuro-pediatric sample. J. Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil., 2019, 12, 1-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2019.1630872]
[8]
Nikolov, R.; Jonker, J.; Scahill, L. Autistic disorder: current psychopharmacological treatments and areas of interest for future developments. Br. J. Psychiatry, 2006, 28(Suppl. 1), S39-S46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462006000500006] [PMID: 16791391]
[9]
Brakoulias, V.; Stockings, E. A systematic review of the use of risperidone, paliperidone and aripiprazole as augmenting agents for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2019, 20(1), 47-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2018.1540590] [PMID: 30360669]
[10]
Jassen-Cillag Pharmaceutical. Risperidona [package insert], 2016. Available from: https://www.janssenlabels.com/package-insert/product-monograph/prescribing-information/RISPERDAL-pi.pdf
[11]
Nikolov, R.; Jonker, J.; Scahill, L. Autismo: tratamentos psicofarmacológicos e áreas de interesse para desenvolvimentos futuros. Br. J. Psychiatry, 2006, 28(Suppl. 1), S39-S46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462006000500006] [PMID: 16791391]
[12]
Scahill, L.; Jeon, S.; Boorin, S.J.; McDougle, C.J.; Aman, M.G.; Dziura, J.; McCracken, J.T.; Caprio, S.; Arnold, L.E.; Nicol, G.; Deng, Y.; Challa, S.A.; Vitiello, B. Weight gain and metabolic consequences of risperidone in young children with autism spectrum disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2016, 55(5), 415-423.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.016] [PMID: 27126856]
[13]
Weiss, R.; Shaw, M.; Savoye, M.; Caprio, S. Obesity dynamics and cardiovascular risk factor stability in obese adolescents. Pediatr. Diabetes, 2009, 10(6), 360-367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00504.x] [PMID: 19490496]
[14]
Bocca, G.; Ongering, E.C.; Stolk, R.P.; Sauer, P.J.J. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in 3- to 5-year-old overweight or obese children. Horm. Res. Paediatr., 2013, 80(3), 201-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000354662] [PMID: 24051674]
[15]
De Hert, M.; Dobbelaere, M.; Sheridan, E.M.; Cohen, D.; Correll, C.U. Metabolic and endocrine adverse effects of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents: A systematic review of randomized, placebo controlled trials and guidelines for clinical practice. Eur. Psychiatry, 2011, 26(3), 144-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.09.011] [PMID: 21295450]
[16]
Bobo, W.V.; Cooper, W.O.; Stein, C.M.; Olfson, M.; Graham, D.; Daugherty, J.; Fuchs, D.C.; Ray, W.A. Antipsychotics and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth. JAMA Psychiatry, 2013, 70(10), 1067-1075.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2053] [PMID: 23965896]
[17]
Srisawasdi, P.; Vanwong, N.; Hongkaew, Y.; Puangpetch, A.; Vanavanan, S.; Intachak, B.; Ngamsamut, N.; Limsila, P.; Sukasem, C.; Kroll, M.H. Impact of risperidone on leptin and insulin in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders. Clin. Biochem., 2017, 50(12), 678-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.02.003] [PMID: 28167244]
[18]
Almandil, N.B.; Liu, Y.; Murray, M.L.; Besag, F.M.C.; Aitchison, K.J.; Wong, I.C.K. Weight gain and other metabolic adverse effects associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr. Drugs, 2013, 15(2), 139-150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40272-013-0016-6] [PMID: 23519708]
[19]
Sochocky, N.; Milin, R. Second generation antipsychotics in Asperger’s Disorder and high functioning autism: a systematic review of the literature and effectiveness of meta-analysis. Curr. Clin. Pharmacol., 2013, 8(4), 370-379.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15748847113086660073] [PMID: 24050741]
[20]
Fung, L.K.; Mahajan, R.; Nozzolillo, A.; Bernal, P.; Krasner, A.; Jo, B.; Coury, D.; Whitaker, A.; Veenstra-Vanderweele, J.; Hardan, A.Y. Pharmacologic Treatment of Severe Irritability and Problem Behaviors in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 2016, 137(Suppl. 2), S124-S135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2851K] [PMID: 26908468]
[21]
Jadad, A.R.; Moore, R.A.; Carroll, D.; Jenkinson, C.; Reynolds, D.J.; Gavaghan, D.J.; McQuay, H.J. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control. Clin. Trials, 1996, 17(1), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4] [PMID: 8721797]
[22]
Higgins, J.P.T.; Thomas, J.; Chandler, J.; Cumpston, M.; Li, T.; Page, M.J.; Welch, V.A. (editors). 2020 Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane, 2020. Available from: www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
[23]
Mano-Sousa, B.J.; Pedrosa, A.M.; Alves, B.C.; Belo, V.S.; Chaves, V.E.; Duarte-Almeida, J.M. Efficacy and side effects of risperidone use in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO, 2019., CRD42019122316. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? ID=CRD42019122316
[24]
Ghanizadeh, A.; Sahraeizadeh, A.; Berk, M. A head-to-head comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone for safety and treating autistic disorders, a randomized double blind clinical trial. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev., 2014, 45(2), 185-192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0390-x] [PMID: 23801256]
[25]
Calarge, C.A.; Ziegler, E.E.; Del Castillo, N.; Aman, M.; McDougle, C.J.; Scahill, L.; McCracken, J.T.; Arnold, L.E. Iron homeostasis during risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2015, 76(11), 1500-1505.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09258] [PMID: 26301448]
[26]
Arnold, L.E.; Aman, M.G.; Li, X.; Butter, E.; Humphries, K.; Scahill, L.; Lecavalier, L.; McDougle, C.J.; Swiezy, N.B.; Handen, B.; Wilson, K.; Stigler, K.A. Research Units of Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) autism network randomized clinical trial of parent training and medication: one-year follow-up. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2012, 51(11), 1173-1184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.028] [PMID: 23101743]
[27]
Aman, M.; Rettiganti, M.; Nagaraja, H.N.; Hollway, J.A.; McCracken, J.; McDougle, C.J.; Tierney, E.; Scahill, L.; Arnold, L.E.; Hellings, J.; Posey, D.J.; Swiezy, N.B.; Ghuman, J.; Grados, M.; Shah, B.; Vitiello, B. Tolerability, safety, and benefits of risperidone in children and adolescents with autism: 21-month follow-up after 8-week placebo-controlled trial. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2015, 25(6), 482-493.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.0005] [PMID: 26262903]
[28]
Rezaei, M.; Moradi, A.; Tehrani-Doost, M.; Hassanabadi, H.; Khosrowabadi, R. A pilot study on combining risperidone and pivotal response treatment on communication difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder. Adv Autism., 2018, 4, 56-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/AIA-11-2017-0024]
[29]
Firouzabadi, N.; Nazariat, A.; Zomorrodian, K. DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism and its influence on risperidone response in autistic children. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2017, 20(1), 445-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/J3H63T] [PMID: 29249220]
[30]
Nikvarz, N.; Alaghband-Rad, J.; Tehrani-Doost, M.; Alimadadi, A.; Ghaeli, P. Comparing efficacy and side effects of memantine vs. risperidone in the treatment of autistic disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2017, 50(1), 19-25.
[PMID: 27299475]
[31]
Lamberti, M.; Siracusano, R.; Italiano, D.; Alosi, N.; Cucinotta, F.; Di Rosa, G.; Germanò, E.; Spina, E.; Gagliano, A. Head-to-Head comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of ADHD symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorder and ADHD: A pilot, open-label, randomized controlled study. Paediatr. Drugs, 2016, 18(4), 319-329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40272-016-0183-3] [PMID: 27278054]
[32]
Yoon, Y.; Wink, L.K.; Pedapati, E.V.; Horn, P.S.; Erickson, C.A. Weight gain effects of second-generation antipsychotic treatment in autism spectrum disorder. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2016, 26(9), 822-827.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2016.0049] [PMID: 27389348]
[33]
Choi, J.E.; Widjaja, F.; Careaga, M.; Bent, S.; Ashwood, P.; Hendren, R.L. Change in plasma cytokine levels during risperidone treatment in children with autism. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2014, 24(10), 586-589.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0108] [PMID: 24828014]
[34]
Ghaeli, P.; Nikvarz, N.; Alaghband-Rad, J.; Alimadadi, A.; Tehrani-Doost, M. Effects of risperidone on core symptoms of autistic disorder based on childhood autism rating scale: an open label study. Indian J. Psychol. Med., 2014, 36(1), 66-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.127254] [PMID: 24701014]
[35]
Wink, L.K.; Early, M.; Schaefer, T.; Pottenger, A.; Horn, P.; McDougle, C.J.; Erickson, C.A. Body mass index change in autism spectrum disorders: comparison of treatment with risperidone and aripiprazole. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2014, 24(2), 78-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0099] [PMID: 24564519]
[36]
Kent, J.M.; Hough, D.; Singh, J.; Karcher, K.; Pandina, G. An open-label extension study of the safety and efficacy of risperidone in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2013, 23(10), 676-686.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2012.0058] [PMID: 24350813]
[37]
Kent, J.M.; Kushner, S.; Ning, X.; Karcher, K.; Ness, S.; Aman, M.; Singh, J.; Hough, D. Risperidone dosing in children and adolescents with autistic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 2013, 43(8), 1773-1783.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1723-5] [PMID: 23212807]
[38]
Wei, B.Y.; Huang, F.; Qin, X.T.; Liang, Q.Q. Treatment of behavioral disorders by risperidone in children with autism. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 2011, 13(3), 216-218.
[PMID: 21426640]
[39]
Correia, C.T.; Almeida, J.P.; Santos, P.E.; Sequeira, A.F.; Marques, C.E.; Miguel, T.S.; Abreu, R.L.; Oliveira, G.G.; Vicente, A.M. Pharmacogenetics of risperidone therapy in autism: association analysis of eight candidate genes with drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics J., 2010, 10(5), 418-430.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2009.63] [PMID: 19997080]
[40]
Desousa, A. An open-label trial of risperidone and fluoxetine in children with autistic disorder. Indian J. Psychol. Med., 2010, 32(1), 17-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.70522] [PMID: 21799554]
[41]
Hoekstra, P.J.; Troost, P.W.; Lahuis, B.E.; Mulder, H.; Mulder, E.J.; Franke, B.; Buitelaar, J.K.; Anderson, G.M.; Scahill, L.; Minderaa, R.B. Risperidone-induced weight gain in referred children with autism spectrum disorders is associated with a common polymorphism in the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor gene. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2010, 20(6), 473-477.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2009.0071] [PMID: 21186965]
[42]
Capone, G.T.; Goyal, P.; Grados, M.; Smith, B.; Kammann, H. Risperidone use in children with Down syndrome, severe intellectual disability, and comorbid autistic spectrum disorders: a naturalistic study. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr., 2008, 29(2), 106-116.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e318165c100] [PMID: 18349709]
[43]
Gencer, O.; Emiroglu, F.N.I.; Miral, S.; Baykara, B.; Baykara, A.; Dirik, E. Comparison of long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone and haloperidol in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. An open label maintenance study. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2008, 17(4), 217-225.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-007-0656-6] [PMID: 18026891]
[44]
Miral, S.; Gencer, O.; Inal-Emiroglu, F.N.; Baykara, B.; Baykara, A.; Dirik, E. Risperidone versus haloperidol in children and adolescents with AD: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2008, 17(1), 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-007-0620-5] [PMID: 18080171]
[45]
Anderson, G.M.; Scahill, L.; McCracken, J.T.; McDougle, C.J.; Aman, M.G.; Tierney, E.; Arnold, L.E.; Martin, A.; Katsovich, L.; Posey, D.J.; Shah, B.; Vitiello, B. Effects of short- and long-term risperidone treatment on prolactin levels in children with autism. Biol. Psychiatry, 2007, 61(4), 545-550.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.032] [PMID: 16730335]
[46]
Pandina, G.J.; Bossie, C.A.; Youssef, E.; Zhu, Y.; Dunbar, F. Risperidone improves behavioral symptoms in children with autism in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 2007, 37(2), 367-373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0234-7] [PMID: 17019624]
[47]
Canitano, R. Self injurious behavior in autism: clinical aspects and treatment with risperidone. J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 2006, 113(3), 425-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-005-0337-x] [PMID: 16075185]
[48]
Lindsay, R.L.; Eugene Arnold, L.; Aman, M.G.; Vitiello, B.; Posey, D.J.; McDougle, C.J.; Scahill, L.; Pachler, M.; McCracken, J.T.; Tierney, E.; Bozzolo, D. Dietary status and impact of risperidone on nutritional balance in children with autism: a pilot study. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil., 2006, 31(4), 204-209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668250601006924] [PMID: 17178532]
[49]
Luby, J.; Mrakotsky, C.; Stalets, M.M.; Belden, A.; Heffelfinger, A.; Williams, M.; Spitznagel, E. Risperidone in preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders: an investigation of safety and efficacy. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2006, 16(5), 575-587.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2006.16.575] [PMID: 17069546]
[50]
Nagaraj, R.; Singhi, P.; Malhi, P. Risperidone in children with autism: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J. Child Neurol., 2006, 21(6), 450-455.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738060210060801] [PMID: 16948927]
[51]
Aman, M.G.; Arnold, L.E.; McDougle, C.J.; Vitiello, B.; Scahill, L.; Davies, M.; McCracken, J.T.; Tierney, E.; Nash, P.L.; Posey, D.J.; Chuang, S.; Martin, A.; Shah, B.; Gonzalez, N.M.; Swiezy, N.B.; Ritz, L.; Koenig, K.; McGough, J.; Ghuman, J.K.; Lindsay, R.L. Acute and long-term safety and tolerability of risperidone in children with autism. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2005, 15(6), 869-884.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2005.15.869] [PMID: 16379507]
[52]
Risperidone treatment of autistic disorder: longer-term benefits and blinded discontinuation after 6 months. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2005, 162(7), 1361-1369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1361] [PMID: 15994720]
[53]
Troost, P.W.; Lahuis, B.E.; Steenhuis, M.P.; Ketelaars, C.E.J.; Buitelaar, J.K.; van Engeland, H.; Scahill, L.; Minderaa, R.B.; Hoekstra, P.J. Long-term effects of risperidone in children with autism spectrum disorders: a placebo discontinuation study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2005, 44(11), 1137-1144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000177055.11229.76] [PMID: 16239862]
[54]
Gagliano, A.; Germanò, E.; Pustorino, G.; Impallomeni, C.; D’Arrigo, C.; Calamoneri, F.; Spina, E. Risperidone treatment of children with autistic disorder: effectiveness, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic implications. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2004, 14(1), 39-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/104454604773840472] [PMID: 15142390]
[55]
Martín, A.; Scahill, L.; Anderson, G.M.; Aman, M.; Arnold, L.E.; McCracken, J.; McDougle, C.J.; Tierney, E.; Chuang, S.; Vitiello, B. Weight and leptin changes among risperidone-treated youths with autism: 6-month prospective data. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2004, 161(6), 1125-1127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1125] [PMID: 15169706]
[56]
Shea, S.; Turgay, A.; Carroll, A.; Schulz, M.; Orlik, H.; Smith, I.; Dunbar, F. Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatrics, 2004, 114(5), e634-e641.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2003-0264-F] [PMID: 15492353]
[57]
Arnold, L.E.; Vitiello, B.; McDougle, C.; Scahill, L.; Shah, B.; Gonzalez, N.M.; Chuang, S.; Davies, M.; Hollway, J.; Aman, M.G.; Cronin, P.; Koenig, K.; Kohn, A.E.; McMahon, D.J.; Tierney, E. Parent-defined target symptoms respond to risperidone in RUPP autism study: customer approach to clinical trials. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2003, 42(12), 1443-1450.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200312000-00011] [PMID: 14627879]
[58]
McCracken, J.T.; McGough, J.; Shah, B.; Cronin, P.; Hong, D.; Aman, M.G.; Arnold, L.E.; Lindsay, R.; Nash, P.; Hollway, J.; McDougle, C.J.; Posey, D.; Swiezy, N.; Kohn, A.; Scahill, L.; Martin, A.; Koenig, K.; Volkmar, F.; Carroll, D.; Lancor, A.; Tierney, E.; Ghuman, J.; Gonzalez, N.M.; Grados, M.; Vitiello, B.; Ritz, L.; Davies, M.; Robinson, J.; McMahon, D. Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, 347(5), 314-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013171] [PMID: 12151468]
[59]
Masi, G.; Cosenza, A.; Mucci, M.; Brovedani, P. Open trial of risperidone in 24 young children with pervasive developmental disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2001, 40(10), 1206-1214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200110000-00015] [PMID: 11589534]
[60]
Masi, G.; Cosenza, A.; Mucci, M.; De Vito, G. Risperidone monotherapy in preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders. J. Child Neurol., 2001, 16(6), 395-400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088307380101600602] [PMID: 11417603]
[61]
Zuddas, A.; Di Martino, A.; Muglia, P.; Cianchetti, C. Long-term risperidone for pervasive developmental disorder: efficacy, tolerability, and discontinuation. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol., 2000, 10(2), 79-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2000.10.79] [PMID: 10933118]
[62]
Nicolson, R.; Awad, G.; Sloman, L. An open trial of risperidone in young autistic children. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1998, 37(4), 372-376.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199804000-00014] [PMID: 9549957]
[63]
Scott, L.J.; Dhillon, S. Risperidone: a review of its use in the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatr. Drugs, 2007, 9(5), 343-354.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00148581-200709050-00006] [PMID: 17927305]
[64]
Moura, F.C. de, Caminha, J. Risperidone and aripiprazole playing a important role in pharmacological therapy of autism spectrum disorders: a global overview. Intl. J. Res. Eng. Sci., 2017, 5, 56-60.
[65]
Schmitz, A.P.; Kreutz, O.C.; Suyenaga, E.S. Antipsicóticos atípicos versus efeito obesogênico sob a óptica da química medicinal. Rev. Eletrônica Farmácia., 2015, 12, 23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ref.v12i3.33714]
[66]
Baptista, T.; Zárate, J.; Joober, R.; Colasante, C.; Beaulieu, S.; Páez, X.; Hernández, L. Drug induced weight gain, an impediment to successful pharmacotherapy: focus on antipsychotics. Curr. Drug Targets, 2004, 5(3), 279-299.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450043490514] [PMID: 15058313]
[67]
Lian, J.; De Santis, M.; He, M.; Deng, C. Risperidone-induced weight gain and reduced locomotor activity in juvenile female rats: The role of histaminergic and NPY pathways. Pharmacol. Res., 2015, 95-96(96), 20-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.004] [PMID: 25782398]
[68]
Masaki, T.; Chiba, S.; Yasuda, T.; Noguchi, H.; Kakuma, T.; Watanabe, T.; Sakata, T.; Yoshimatsu, H. Involvement of hypothalamic histamine H1 receptor in the regulation of feeding rhythm and obesity. Diabetes, 2004, 53(9), 2250-2260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2250] [PMID: 15331534]
[69]
Sakata, T.; Yoshimatsu, H.; Kurokawa, M. Hypothalamic neuronal histamine: implications of its homeostatic control of energy metabolism. Nutrition, 1997, 13(5), 403-411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(97)91277-6] [PMID: 9225331]
[70]
Han, M.; Deng, C.; Burne, T.H.J.; Newell, K.A.; Huang, X-F. Short- and long-term effects of antipsychotic drug treatment on weight gain and H1 receptor expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2008, 33(5), 569-580.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.01.018] [PMID: 18358632]
[71]
Homrich, J.G.; Gentil, C.G.; Peres-Polon, V.L.; Covian, M.R. Feeding behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat: role of the adrenergic pathways and receptors. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 1985, 18(1), 15-27.
[PMID: 2865997]
[72]
DiFeliceantonio, A.G.; Small, D.M. Dopamine and diet-induced obesity. Nat. Neurosci., 2019, 22(1), 1-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0304-0] [PMID: 30559474]
[73]
Anderberg, R.H.; Richard, J.E.; Eerola, K.; López-Ferreras, L.; Banke, E.; Hansson, C.; Nissbrandt, H.; Berqquist, F.; Gribble, F.M.; Reimann, F.; Wernstedt, A.I.; Lamy, C.M.; Skibicka, K.P. Glucagon-like peptide 1 and its analogs act in the dorsal raphe and modulate central serotonin to reduce appetite and body weight. Diabetes, 2017, 66(4), 1062-1073.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db16-0755] [PMID: 28057699]
[74]
Johnson, P.M.; Kenny, P.J. Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats. Nat. Neurosci., 2010, 13(5), 635-641.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2519] [PMID: 20348917]
[75]
Wang, G.J.; Volkow, N.D.; Logan, J.; Pappas, N.R.; Wong, C.T.; Zhu, W.; Netusil, N.; Fowler, J.S. Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet, 2001, 357(9253), 354-357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03643-6] [PMID: 11210998]
[76]
Miranda-Linné, F.M.; Melin, L. A factor analytic study of the autism behavior checklist. J. Autism Dev. Disord., 2002, 32(3), 181-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015519413133] [PMID: 12108619]
[77]
Betancur, C. Etiological heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders: more than 100 genetic and genomic disorders and still counting. Brain Res., 2011, 1380, 42-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078] [PMID: 21129364]
[78]
Lau, W.K.W.; Leung, M.K.; Lau, B.W.M. Resting-state abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A meta-analysis. Sci. Rep., 2019, 9(1), 3892.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40427-7] [PMID: 30846796]
[79]
Doebler, P.; Holling, H.; Böhning, D. A mixed model approach to meta-analysis of diagnostic studies with binary test outcome. Psychol. Methods, 2012, 17(3), 418-436.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028091] [PMID: 22582866]
[80]
de Sousa, M.R.; Ribeiro, A.L.P. Revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos de diagnóstico e prognóstico: um tutorial. Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 2009, 92, 241-251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2009000300013]
[81]
Masi, G.; Cosenza, A.; Mucci, M.; Brovedani, P. A 3-year naturalistic study of 53 preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders treated with risperidone. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2003, 64(9), 1039-1047.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n0909] [PMID: 14628979]
[82]
Rezaei, M.; Moradi, A.; Tehrani-Doost, M.; Hassanabadi, H.; Khosroabadi, R. Effects of combining medication and pivotal response treatment on aberrant behavior in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Children (Basel), 2018, 5(2), 19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5020019] [PMID: 29385740]
[83]
Nikoo, M.; Radnia, H.; Farokhnia, M.; Mohammadi, M-R.; Akhondzadeh, S. N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive therapy to risperidone for treatment of irritability in autism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2015, 38(1), 11-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000063] [PMID: 25580916]
[84]
McCracken, J.T. Safety issues with drug therapies for autism spectrum disorders. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2005, 66(Suppl. 10), 32-37.
[PMID: 16401148]
[85]
Beasley, C.M., Jr; Sutton, V.K.; Hamilton, S.H.; Walker, D.J.; Dossenbach, M.; Taylor, C.C.; Alaka, K.J.; Bykowski, D.; Tollefson, G.D. Olanzapine Relapse Prevention Study Group. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine in the prevention of psychotic relapse. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2003, 23(6), 582-594.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000095348.32154.ec] [PMID: 14624189]
[86]
Gondim, F.J.; Francisco, C.; Gondim, J.; Luiz, P-A. Indicadores Antropométricos de Obesidade como Instrumento de Triagem para Risco Coronariano Elevado em Adultos na Cidade de Salvador-Bahia Anthropometric. Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 2005.
[87]
Findling, R.L.; Kusumakar, V.; Daneman, D.; Moshang, T.; De Smedt, G.; Binder, C. Prolactin levels during long-term risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2003, 64(11), 1362-1369.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n1113] [PMID: 14658952]
[88]
Balant-Gorgia, A.E.; Gex-Fabry, M.; Genet, C.; Balant, L.P. Therapeutic drug monitoring of risperidone using a new, rapid HPLC method: reappraisal of interindividual variability factors. Ther. Drug Monit., 1999, 21(1), 105-115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199902000-00017] [PMID: 10051063]
[89]
Ingelman-Sundberg, M. The human genome project and novel aspects of cytochrome P450 research. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2005, 207(2)(Suppl.), 52-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.030] [PMID: 15993453]
[90]
Correia, C.; Vicente, A.M. Pharmacogenetics of risperidone response and induced side effects. Per. Med., 2007, 4(3), 271-293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17410541.4.3.271] [PMID: 29788673]
[91]
Mano-Sousa, B.J.; Pedrosa, A.M.; Alves, B.C.; Belo, V.S.; Chaves, V.E.; Duarte-Almeida, J.M. Efficacy and side effects of risperidone use in autism spectrum disorder. Mendeley Data, 2020. Available in:
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ktjcf4m58t.2]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
24
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy